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Sornpaisarn B, Sornpaisarn S, Rehm J. The association between the time of alcohol drinking and injury risk in Thailand: a cross-sectional emergency department study. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2021; 16:28. [PMID: 33785034 PMCID: PMC8011167 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-021-00365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the relationship between acute alcohol consumption and injuries is well recognized, studies exploring how the time of day the drinking commences affects alcohol-related injuries have been scarce. This contribution examines the associations between the time at which the drinking began and the duration of the drinking, the volume of alcohol consumed, the injury type, and the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level. METHOD This study employed a cross-sectional survey, which was conducted in two hospital emergency departments (ED) in Chiangmai Province, Thailand. The sample was composed of 519 injured patients aged 18 years and older. Outcome measures included the BAC and type of injury. Exposures included the quantity of alcohol consumed, the time the drinking commenced, and the pattern of drinking involved. RESULTS The injured patients who drank alcohol within six hours prior to sustaining their injury were more likely to get injured and present themselves at the ED at night (20:00-04:00) compared to those who sustained an injury but did not drink in the hours prior. However, this relationship was only true for unintentional injuries, not intentional ones. The majority of participants consumed their first drink between 16:00 and 20:00. On average, among the 104 patients who drank prior to sustaining an injury, the total amount of alcohol consumed was 6.9 drinks, the duration of drinking was 2.6 h, the rate of drinking was 6.0 drinks/hour, and the BAC was 0.119 gm%. Every drink increased the BAC by 0.012 gm% and each year of increasing age increased the BAC by 0.003 gm%. People who were older, less educated, and drank more frequently tended to have their first drink earlier than other drinkers. An earlier start to their drinking resulted in a faster pace of drinking and a higher BAC. CONCLUSIONS BAC increased with the total amount of alcohol consumed and the age of the drinker. Different groups of people had their first drink at different times of the day, resulting in differences in the rate of drinking, the BAC, the time of injury, and the time they presented to the ED after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bundit Sornpaisarn
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Toronto, Canada. .,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th floor, M5T 3M7, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Road, Thung Phaya Thai, Ratchathewi, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Sarnti Sornpaisarn
- Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th floor, M5T 3M7, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,World Health Organization / Pan American Health Organization Collaborating Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, M5S 2S1, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, M5S 2S1, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th floor, M5T 1R8, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, University of Hamburg, Martinstraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy & Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies (CELOS), Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, 01187, Dresden, Germany.,Department of International Health Projects, Institute for Leadership and Health Management, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str., 8, b. 2, 119992, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Roemer A, Stockwell T, Zhao J, Chow C, Vallance K, Cherpitel C. Gender differences in the consumption of alcohol mixed with caffeine and risk of injury. Drug Alcohol Rev 2019; 38:750-757. [PMID: 31599075 PMCID: PMC6907685 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS There is increasing evidence suggesting the consumption of caffeinated alcoholic beverages is associated with risks over and above alcohol use on its own; however, research in this area remains limited. We examined whether gender differences existed in the relationship between the combined use of alcohol and caffeine (Alc + Caff) and risk for injury. DESIGN AND METHODS This emergency department study utilised case-control and case-crossover analyses to examine in situ session specific Alc + Caff use and injury risk for men and women, while controlling for socio-demographic variables, dose of alcohol and caffeine, other substance use, risk-taking propensity and context. The sample comprised 2804 individuals aged 18-years or older who presented to three hospital emergency departments in British Columbia. RESULTS A relationship between Alc + Caff use and increased risk of injury was confirmed. Further, gender differences were found in the risk relationship between Alc + Caff use and injury. Women were found to have a higher risk injury propensity following Alc + Caff use in both the case-control (OR = 3.10, 95% CI = 1.78, 5.84) and case-crossover analyses (OR = 3.21, 95% CI = 1.69, 6.12), relative to men (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.30, 2.30; OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.86). These results remained even after controlling for demographic factors, risk-taking, context and other substance use. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Women may be at higher risk of injury than men following the consumption of alcohol mixed with caffeine. The findings offer support for differential low-risk drinking guidelines for men and women and the restriction and regulation of the sale and availability of caffeinated alcoholic beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audra Roemer
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Tim Stockwell
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Jinhui Zhao
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Clifton Chow
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kate Vallance
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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Cherpitel CJ, Korcha RA, Witbrodt J, Ye Y. Risk of Alcohol-Related Injury: Does Societal Drinking Context Make a Difference? J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2018; 79:876-880. [PMID: 30573018 PMCID: PMC6308177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine whether country-level frequency of drinking in a public context and in a private context is associated with rates of alcohol-related injury in emergency department studies from those same countries. METHOD Emergency department data on 5,104 injured patients in 10 countries from the International Collaborative Alcohol and Injury Study (ICAIS) and aggregate level drinking context data from the Gender, Alcohol and Culture: An International Study (GENACIS) are analyzed. The association of societal drinking context (public and private) with variation in the rate of self-reported drinking before injury is examined using multilevel modeling. RESULTS Controlling for demographic characteristics, individual-level volume and drinking pattern, study-level volume, and country-level drinking pattern and alcohol control policy, societal public drinking context was significantly predictive of an alcohol-related injury (odds ratio [OR] = 1.08, CI [1.02, 1.13]), whereas societal private drinking context was not. Public drinking context was predictive of violence-related injury (OR = 1.09, CI [1.01, 1.17]), whereas private drinking context was predictive of injuries from falls (OR = 1.01, CI [1.01, 1.02]). Neither societal drinking context was significantly predictive of traffic-related injuries whereas both public (OR = 1.06, CI [1.01, 1.12]) and private (OR = 1.01, CI [1.01, 1.03]) contexts were predictive of injuries from other causes. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that societal drinking context does make a difference in the likelihood of an alcohol-related injury, which is important for a better understanding of the role of drinking context in a country in the occurrence of an alcohol-related injury and may inform future recommendations for reducing this harmful consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yu Ye
- Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, California
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