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Matheson J, Le Foll B. Impacts of recreational cannabis legalization on use and harms: A narrative review of sex/gender differences. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1127660. [PMID: 36970279 PMCID: PMC10036775 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1127660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Legalization of cannabis use for non-medical (recreational) purposes is changing the global cannabis landscape. As attitudes toward cannabis use become more positive and prevalence of use increases in complex ways, concerns emerge about the potential for increased cannabis-attributable harms. Understanding the who, why, and when of this likely increase in cannabis-attributable harms is thus an important public health priority. Both sex and gender contribute to variability in the use, effects, and harms of cannabis and thus sex/gender considerations are important when evaluating the impacts of cannabis legalization. The goal of this narrative review is to broadly discuss sex/gender differences in attitudes toward and prevalence of cannabis use, whether there are sex/gender differences in the impacts of cannabis legalization, and why these sex/gender differences might exist. One of our strongest conclusions is that men have always been more likely to use cannabis than women, yet the sex/gender gap in prevalence of cannabis use has narrowed over time, and this might be partly due to cannabis legalization. The existing evidence suggests that there have also been sex/gender differences in the impacts of legalization on cannabis-attributable harms such as cannabis-involved motor vehicle collisions and hospitalizations, though these results are more variable. The body of literature reviewed has focused almost exclusively on samples of cisgender research participants, and thus future research should encourage inclusion of transgender and gender-diverse participants. More consideration of sex- and gender-based analysis in research evaluating long-term impacts of cannabis legalization is a clear research priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Matheson
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Justin Matheson,
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Acute Care Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Waypoint Research Institute, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada
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The relationship between parents’ occasional use of psychoactive substances and their attitude toward their children’s use. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03781-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Liu X, Wang F, Wong C. Impact of Traditional Behavior of Customers, Employees, and Social Enterprises on the Fear of Change and Resistance to Innovation. Front Psychol 2022; 13:923094. [PMID: 35959061 PMCID: PMC9360923 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.923094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovation adoption is the necessary element for the success of any organization around the globe, and this phenomenon needs a foremost solution. The current study examines this area and explores the impact of customers, employees, and social enterprises' traditional behavior on the resistance to innovation in social enterprises in China. The current article also investigates the mediating role of fear for change among customers, employees, and social enterprises' traditional behavior and resistance to innovation in social enterprises in China. This article has followed the primary data gathering methods and adopted the questionnaires for this purpose. The employees and customers of social enterprises are the respondents and ~11,000 population in the study. According to Krejcie & Morgan, the sample size criteria is around 370. Thus, the researchers' have forwarded around 615 surveys and received only 357 after a few weeks. The present research has also applied the SPSS-AMOS to analyze the association among variables and test the hypotheses. The results revealed that the traditional behavior of customers, employees, and social enterprises has a significant and positive linkage with resistance to innovation in social enterprises in China. The findings also exposed that the fear of change also significantly mediates among customers, employees, and social enterprises' traditional behavior and resistance to innovation in social enterprises in China. This study helps the regulators establish policies related to innovation adoption by changing traditional behavior to advance the behavior of customers, employees, and social enterprises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- International Education College, Hebei Finance University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyan Liu
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Foreign Languages for International Business, Hebei Finance University, Baoding, China
| | - CheeHoo Wong
- Faculty of Business and Communications, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
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López-Méndez M, Ospina-Escobar A, Iskandar R, Alarid-Escudero F. Age-specific rates of onset of cannabis use in Mexico. Addict Behav 2021; 122:107038. [PMID: 34325204 PMCID: PMC8645182 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the previous two decades, the lifetime prevalence of cannabis use has risen among Mexico's population. AIMS Estimate the sex- and age-specific rates of onset of cannabis use over time. DESIGN Five nationally representative cross-sectional surveys, the Mexican National Surveys of Addictions (1998, 2002, 2008, 2012) and the Mexican National Survey on Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco Consumption (2016). SETTING Mexico. PARTICIPANTS Pooled sample of 141,342 respondents aged between 12 and 65 years of which 43.6%(n = 61,658) are male and 56.4% (n = 79,684) are female. MEASUREMENTS We estimated the age-specific rates of onset of cannabis as the conditional rate of consuming cannabis for the first time at a specific age. METHODS Time-to-event flexible-parametric models with spline specifications of the hazard function. Stratified analysis by sex and control for temporal trends by year of data collection or decennial birth cohort. FINDINGS Age-specific rates of onset of cannabis use per 1,000 individuals increased over time for females and males. Peak rates of onset of cannabis use per 1,000 ranged from 0.935 (95%CI = [0.772, 1.148]) in 1998, to 5.391 (95%CI = [4.924, 5.971]) in 2016 for females; and from 7.513 (95%CI = [6.732, 10.063]) in 1998, to 26.107 (95%CI = [25.918,30.654]) in 2016 for males. Across decennial birth-cohorts, peak rates of onset of cannabis use per 1,000 individuals for females ranged from 0.234 (95%CI = [0.078, 0.768]) for those born in the 1930s, to 14.611 (95%CI = [13.243, 16.102]) for those born in the 1990s; and for males, from 4.086 (95%CI = [4.022, 7.857]) for those born in the 1930s, to 38.693 (95%CI = [24.847, 48.670]) for those born in the 1990s. CONCLUSION Rates of onset of cannabis increased over the previous two decades for both females and males but remained higher for males. Across recent cohorts, the rates of onset have increased at a faster rate among females than males.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angélica Ospina-Escobar
- Programa de Cátedras CONACyT, Mexico; Drug Policy Program, Center for Research and Teaching in Economics (CIDE), Aguascalientes, Mexico; Division of Multidisciplinary Studies, Center for Research and Teaching in Economics (CIDE), Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Rowan Iskandar
- Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Center of Excellence in Decision-Analytic Modeling and Health Economics Research, sitem-insel, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Alarid-Escudero
- Drug Policy Program, Center for Research and Teaching in Economics (CIDE), Aguascalientes, Mexico; Division of Public Administration, Center for Research and Teaching in Economics (CIDE), Aguascalientes, Mexico.
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Marsiglia FF, Wu S, Han S, Nuño-Gutierrez BL, García-Pérez H, Yabiku ST, Glick JE. Migration Intentions and Alcohol Use Among Adolescents in West-Central Mexico. CHILD & ADOLESCENT SOCIAL WORK JOURNAL : C & A 2021; 40:119-130. [PMID: 33814690 PMCID: PMC7997793 DOI: 10.1007/s10560-021-00756-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the association between migration intentions and alcohol use among west-central Mexico adolescents living in high migration communities. This study used the baseline data from the Family Migration and Early Life Outcomes (FAMELO) project (N = 1286), collected in 2018. We used multiple imputations to address missingness and propensity score matching to reduce the selection bias. We also conducted subgroup analyses to compare gender difference (i.e., boys vs. girls) on the relationship between migration intention and alcohol use. The findings show that for the whole sample, youth with migration intentions had significant higher odds (OR = 1.78; p = .010) of having a lifetime drinking experience when compared to youth who reported no interest in living abroad, but this association remained significant only for boys (OR = 2.14; p = .010). This study makes an important contribution to our understanding of the etiology of migration intentions and alcohol use for adolescents living in sending migration communities. The findings have specific alcohol prevention, policy, and future research implications in Mexico and the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio F. Marsiglia
- Global Center for Applied Health Research, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 411 N. Central Ave., Suite 800, Phoenix, AZ 85287 USA
| | - Shiyou Wu
- Global Center for Applied Health Research, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 411 N. Central Ave., Suite 800, Phoenix, AZ 85287 USA
| | - SeungYong Han
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Bertha L. Nuño-Gutierrez
- Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones en Comportamiento, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | - Scott T. Yabiku
- Population Research Institute and Department of Sociology & Criminology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Jennifer E. Glick
- Population Research Institute and Department of Sociology & Criminology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
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Kulis SS, Marsiglia FF, Medina-Mora ME, Nuño-Gutiérrez BL, Corona MD, Ayers SL. Keepin' It REAL-Mantente REAL in Mexico: a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of a Culturally Adapted Substance Use Prevention Curriculum for Early Adolescents. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2021; 22:645-657. [PMID: 33772435 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-021-01217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study assesses the efficacy of a version of the keepin' it REAL (kiREAL) substance use prevention curriculum for middle school students that was culturally adapted for Mexico, renamed Mantente REAL (MREAL), and tested in a cluster randomized controlled trial in Mexico's three largest cities. Student participants were in 7th grade in public middle schools (N = 5523, 49% female, mean age = 11.9). A representative sample of 12 schools from each city, stratified by whether they held morning or afternoon sessions, was randomized to three conditions: culturally adapted MREAL, original kiREAL translated into Spanish, or a treatment-as-usual control group. Regular classroom teachers were trained to deliver the adapted MREAL or the kiREAL manualized curricula. Students with active parental consent completed pretest and post-test questionnaires, 7-8 months apart, at the beginning and end of the 2017-2018 academic year. We assessed the MREAL intervention, relative to kiREAL and controls, with general linear models adjusted for baseline, attrition (24%), non-normal distributions, stratification by city, and school-level clustering. Among students already using the substance more often at pretest, MREAL students had relatively more desirable outcomes, compared to kiREAL and/or to controls, in recent use of alcohol, cigarettes, "hard drugs," heavy episodic drinking, and intoxication. MREAL students reported relatively less violence victimization and perpetration of bullying and relatively more use of three of the intervention's REAL drug resistance strategies (Explain, Avoid, Leave). The adapted version of kiREAL for Mexico showed numerous desired outcomes in areas deliberately targeted in the cultural adaptation. Full protocol can be accessed through Clinical Trials.gov. ID: NCT03233386, "'Keepin' It REAL in Mexico: An adaptation and multisite RCT".
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Kulis
- Global, Center for Applied Health Research, Arizona State University, 411 N. Central Avenue, Suite 720, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-0693, USA. .,School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 873701, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
| | - Flavio F Marsiglia
- Global, Center for Applied Health Research, Arizona State University, 411 N. Central Avenue, Suite 720, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-0693, USA.,School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 411 N. Central Avenue, Suite 800, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Maria Elena Medina-Mora
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Circuito Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, CP 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Bertha L Nuño-Gutiérrez
- Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones, Universidad de Guadalajara, Francisco de Quevedo, #180 Col. Arcos Vallarta, 44130, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Maria Dolores Corona
- Departamento de Enfermerías, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolas de la Garza, Mexico
| | - Stephanie L Ayers
- Global, Center for Applied Health Research, Arizona State University, 411 N. Central Avenue, Suite 720, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-0693, USA.,School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 411 N. Central Avenue, Suite 800, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
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Zhang J, Zuo X, Yu C, Lian Q, Tu X, Lou C. The Association between Gender Role Attitudes and Alcohol Use among Early Adolescents in Shanghai, China. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:1403-1410. [PMID: 34027812 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1928214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent alcohol use was a major social and public health concern given its negative impacts. Previous studies indicated gender role attitudes (GRA) were associated with alcohol use; however, few studies focused on early adolescents (10 to 14 years) and similar researches were not found in China. Objective: This study sought to explore the association between GRA and alcohol use among early adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among students in grades six to eight across three public secondary schools in Shanghai, China. Data were collected by Computer-Assisted Self-Interview (CASI) questionnaire on mobile tablets. Alcohol use was measured by self-report, and six items with 5-point Likert-type options assessed the attitude toward traditional gender roles. The logistic regression model was adopted to examine the associations between GAR and alcohol use. Results: Totally 1,631 adolescents aged 10 to 14 years with 50.33% of boys included in this study. The mean score of GRA in drinkers was significantly higher than nondrinkers among boys (3.03 vs. 2.78, p < 0.001) but not girls (2.15 vs. 2.18, p = 0.499). After controlling the covariates of age, depression, peers' substance use, social cohesion, etc., we found that more traditional GRA was associated with a higher risk of alcohol use among boys (OR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.11-1.75), whereas the association was not significant among girls (OR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.74-1.24). Conclusions: Traditional GRA may increase the risk of alcohol use among early adolescent boys, suggesting that altering traditional GRA among this population group may help to prevent alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashuai Zhang
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiayun Zuo
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Yu
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiguo Lian
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowen Tu
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaohua Lou
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Villegas-Pantoja MÁ, Méndez-Ruiz MD, Valle-Alonso MDJD, García-Perales LA. Nursing Course on Drug Addiction and its Effects on Beliefs and Intentions: A Quasi-experimental Study. AQUICHAN 2020. [DOI: 10.5294/aqui.2020.20.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine the impact of a course aimed at the care of persons with drug dependence on the beliefs and intentions of drug use among bachelor nursing students.
Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental study conducted with a non-equivalent comparison group composed of 210 Mexican students of both sexes. Two Likert-type instruments were used to measure the beliefs and intentions of drug use, before and after a semester-long course.
Results: At the end of the study, a significant interaction was found (F = 3.56, p = 0.050, η2p = 0.025), which suggests a greater decrease in beliefs in favor of drug use among students who took the course on drug addiction. Regarding drug use intentions, a general decrease was observed in the entire sample (F = 10.13, p = 0.002, η2p = 0.059).
Conclusions: Courses on the care of drug addiction can have beneficial effects on nursing students by modifying beliefs and intentions to carry out unhealthy behaviors such as the use of substances. These results demand to verify if the effects remain beyond the completion of university education.
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