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Khosravi G, Mostafavi S, Bastan S, Ebrahimi N, Gharibvand RS, Eskandari N. Immunologic tumor microenvironment modulators for turning cold tumors hot. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:521-553. [PMID: 38551889 PMCID: PMC11110955 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumors can be classified into distinct immunophenotypes based on the presence and arrangement of cytotoxic immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Hot tumors, characterized by heightened immune activity and responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), stand in stark contrast to cold tumors, which lack immune infiltration and remain resistant to therapy. To overcome immune evasion mechanisms employed by tumor cells, novel immunologic modulators have emerged, particularly ICIs targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1). These agents disrupt inhibitory signals and reactivate the immune system, transforming cold tumors into hot ones and promoting effective antitumor responses. However, challenges persist, including primary resistance to immunotherapy, autoimmune side effects, and tumor response heterogeneity. Addressing these challenges requires innovative strategies, deeper mechanistic insights, and a combination of immune interventions to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapies. In the landscape of cancer medicine, where immune cold tumors represent a formidable hurdle, understanding the TME and harnessing its potential to reprogram the immune response is paramount. This review sheds light on current advancements and future directions in the quest for more effective and safer cancer treatment strategies, offering hope for patients with immune-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholam‐Reza Khosravi
- Department of Medical ImmunologySchool of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Samaneh Mostafavi
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Sanaz Bastan
- Department of Medical ImmunologySchool of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Narges Ebrahimi
- Department of Medical ImmunologySchool of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Roya Safari Gharibvand
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Medical ImmunologySchool of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
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Wang Y, Li W, Ye B, Bi X. Chemical and Biological Strategies for Profiling Protein-Protein Interactions in Living Cells. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300226. [PMID: 37089007 PMCID: PMC10946512 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play critical roles in almost all cellular signal transduction events. Characterization of PPIs without interfering with the functions of intact cells is very important for basic biology study and drug developments. However, the ability to profile PPIs especially those weak/transient interactions in their native states remains quite challenging. To this end, many endeavors are being made in developing new methods with high efficiency and strong operability. By coupling with advanced fluorescent microscopy and mass spectroscopy techniques, these strategies not only allow us to visualize the subcellular locations and monitor the functions of protein of interest (POI) in real time, but also enable the profiling and identification of potential unknown interacting partners in high-throughput manner, which greatly facilitates the elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying numerous pathophysiological processes. In this review, we will summarize the typical methods for PPIs identification in living cells and their principles, advantages and limitations will also be discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- You‐Yu Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals & College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310014, Zhejiang ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Wenyi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityVictoria3086Australia
| | - Bang‐Ce Ye
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals & College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310014, Zhejiang ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Bao Bi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals & College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310014, Zhejiang ProvinceP. R. China
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3
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Kharga K, Kumar L, Patel SKS. Recent Advances in Monoclonal Antibody-Based Approaches in the Management of Bacterial Sepsis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030765. [PMID: 36979744 PMCID: PMC10045367 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by an uncontrolled inflammatory response to an infectious agent and its antigens. Immune cell activation against the antigens causes severe distress that mediates a strong inflammatory response in vital organs. Sepsis is responsible for a high rate of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients. Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapeutic strategies are now being explored as a viable therapy option for severe sepsis and septic shock. Monoclonal antibodies may provide benefits through two major strategies: (a) monoclonal antibodies targeting the pathogen and its components, and (b) mAbs targeting inflammatory signaling may directly suppress the production of inflammatory mediators. The major focus of mAb therapies has been bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), although other surface antigens are also being investigated for mAb therapy. Several promising candidates for mAbs are undergoing clinical trials at present. Despite several failures and the investigation of novel targets, mAb therapy provides a glimmer of hope for the treatment of severe bacterial sepsis and septic shock. In this review, mAb candidates, their efficacy against controlling infection, with special emphasis on potential roadblocks, and prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum Kharga
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Lokender Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Raj Khosla Centre for Cancer Research, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (S.K.S.P.)
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (S.K.S.P.)
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Chen J, Guan Y, Li C, Du H, Liang C. Identification and validation of a novel cuproptosis-related lncRNA gene signature to predict prognosis and immune response in bladder cancer. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:133. [PMID: 36454396 PMCID: PMC9715909 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00596-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the urogenital system, characterized by the high recurrence rate, mortality rate and poor prognosis. Based on cuproptosis-related long noncoding RNAs (CRLs), this study set out to create a prediction signature to evaluate the prognosis of patients with BCa. METHODS RNA-seq data including CRLs and related clinicopathological data were gathered from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database (n = 428). The predictive signature was constructed after correlation analysis. Subsequently, relying on the analyzed data from the TCGA database and our sample collection, we examined and verified the connections between CRLs model and important indexes included prognosis, route and functional enrichment, tumor immune evasion, tumor mutation, and treatment sensitivity. RESULTS Patients in the high-risk group had lower overall survival (OS) than that of low-risk group. Compared with clinicopathological variables, CRLs features have better predictive value according to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The expression level of CRLs was highly associated with the tumor progress, tumor microenvironment and tumor immune escape. Additionally, we identified that the mutation of TP53, TTN, KMT2D and MUC16 gene were founded in patients with BCa. Lapatinib, pazopanib, saracatinib, gemcitabine, paclitaxel and palenolactone had good antitumor effects for BCa patients in the high-risk group (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study revealed the effects of CRLs on BCa and further established CRLs model, which can be used in clinic for predicting prognosis, immunological response and treatment sensitivity inpatient with BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218th Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, 218th Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, 218th Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Guan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218th Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, 218th Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, 218th Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218th Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, 218th Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, 218th Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218th Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hexi Du
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218th Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, 218th Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, 218th Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218th Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, 218th Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, 218th Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Targeted degradation of immune checkpoint proteins: emerging strategies for cancer immunotherapy. Oncogene 2020; 39:7106-7113. [PMID: 33024277 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy using immune-checkpoint blockade has displayed promising clinical effects, but prevalent antibody-based inhibitors face multiple challenges such as low response rate, acquired resistance, and adverse effects. The intracellular expression of PD-1/PD-L1 in recycling endosomes and their active trafficking to membrane highlight the importance of depleting rather than interfering with checkpoint proteins. Preclinical investigations on the therapeutic effects of lead compounds that function by degrading immune checkpoint ligands and receptors have reported highly promising results. By harnessing the degradation capabilities of the lysosome, proteasome and autophagosomes, different small molecules and peptides potently induced degradation of checkpoint proteins and enhanced anti-tumor immunity. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments support the therapeutic efficacy of these molecules. Thus, targeted degradation through endo-lysosomal, autophagic, proteasomal, or endoplasmic reticulum-related pathways may provide promising strategies for tackling the challenges in cancer immunotherapy.
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Le Naour J, Galluzzi L, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Vacchelli E. Trial watch: IDO inhibitors in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1777625. [PMID: 32934882 PMCID: PMC7466863 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1777625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the first, rate-limiting step of the so-called “kynurenine pathway”, which converts the essential amino acid L-tryptophan (Trp) into the immunosuppressive metabolite L-kynurenine (Kyn). While expressed constitutively by some tissues, IDO1 can also be induced in specific subsets of antigen-presenting cells that ultimately favor the establishment of immune tolerance to tumor antigens. At least in part, the immunomodulatory functions of IDO1 can be explained by depletion of Trp and accumulation of Kyn and its derivatives. In animal tumor models, genetic or pharmacological IDO1 inhibition can cause the (re)activation of anticancer immune responses. Similarly, neoplasms expressing high levels of IDO1 may elude anticancer immunosurveillance. Therefore, IDO1 inhibitors represent promising therapeutic candidates for cancer therapy, and some of them have already entered clinical evaluation. Here, we summarize preclinical and clinical studies testing IDO1-targeting interventions for oncologic indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Le Naour
- Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université De Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre De Recherche Des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine Kremlin Bicêtre, Université Paris Sud, Paris Saclay, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Université De Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université De Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre De Recherche Des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France.,Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université De Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre De Recherche Des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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7
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The glucocorticoids prednisone and dexamethasone differentially modulate T cell function in response to anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 immune checkpoint blockade. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:1423-1436. [PMID: 32246174 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
On-treatment steroids for countering immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced inflammatory responses (irAEs) are a hallmark of cancer immunotherapy. However, the suppressive nature of steroids has raised questions regarding their ability to compromise the function of the 'proliferative burst' of effector T cells induced by immune checkpoint antibodies. We investigated the effector functions and the co-inhibitory receptor profile of stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) pre-treated with prednisone and dexamethasone alone or in the presence of anti-PD-1/CTLA-4 antibodies. Also, clinical analysis of a patient who exhibited irAEs following combination (anti-PD-1/CTLA-4) in the presence of glucocorticoids was done. We found that prednisone in contrast to dexamethasone did not compromise T cell cytokine production (IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α) and proliferation in the absence or presence of anti-PD-1/CTLA-4 antibodies, when a physiological concentration was used. Neither single prednisone treatment nor co-treatment with checkpoint inhibitors impacted the expression of co-inhibitory receptors PD-1, CTLA-4, TIM-3 and LAG-3. In contrast, dexamethasone treatment promoted downregulation of LAG-3 expression by T cells. In addition, co-treatment of PD-1 + Jurkat cells with prednisone and/or dexamethasone with anti-PD-1 before stimulation significantly reduced SHP-2 phosphorylation, indicative of increased T cell function. Our findings hereby demonstrate a differential steroid effect on T cell function, which should be taken into consideration for patients undergoing immunotherapy. Also, the clinical analysis of a patient who exhibited irAEs following combination (anti-PD-1/CTLA-4) therapy indicated complete metabolic response in the presence of glucocorticoids. Therefore, concomitant use of prednisone does not appear to interfere with the function of immune checkpoint blockade.
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Tran TB, Maker VK, Maker AV. Impact of Immunotherapy after Resection of Pancreatic Cancer. J Am Coll Surg 2019; 229:19-27.e1. [PMID: 30742911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjuvant immunotherapy has improved outcomes in patients with advanced melanoma; however, the potential benefit for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy (CTx-IT) compared with CTx alone on patient survival after resection of PDAC. STUDY DESIGN Patients who underwent resection of PDAC from 2004 to 2015 were identified from the National Cancer Database. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine predictors of overall survival (OS) based on the type of adjuvant therapy received. Patients who received adjuvant immunotherapy were compared with those who received adjuvant CTx alone by propensity score matching. RESULTS Of 21,313 patients who received curative-intent resection for PDAC followed by adjuvant systemic therapy, 269 (1.3%) patients were treated with adjuvant CTx-IT. Propensity score matching resulted in a cohort of 477 patients: (229 CTx only and 248 CTx-IT). The 5-year OS was higher in the CTx-IT group compared with CTx alone (29.2% vs 18.3%; p = 0.0045). On multivariate analysis, the addition of adjuvant immunotherapy was associated was improved overall survival (hazard ratio 0.74; p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS The addition of adjuvant immunotherapy to chemotherapy is associated with improved survival compared with chemotherapy alone after curative-intent resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Future research is warranted to match specific immunotherapy agents with susceptible patient populations to improve outcomes for this aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy B Tran
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, and the Creticos Cancer Center at Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Vijay K Maker
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, and the Creticos Cancer Center at Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Ajay V Maker
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, and the Creticos Cancer Center at Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
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Kim EY, Kim YS, Park I, Ahn HK, Lee HY, Kim JH. Radiologic presentation of non-small cell lung cancer treated with anti-PD-1 therapy. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S3930-S3932. [PMID: 30631519 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.09.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- Department of Radiology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Saing Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkeun Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Ahn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Lee
- Department of Radiology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Kim
- Department of Radiology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Smith M, García-Martínez E, Pitter MR, Fucikova J, Spisek R, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Toll-like receptor agonists in cancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1526250. [PMID: 30524908 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1526250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists demonstrate therapeutic promise as immunological adjuvants for anticancer immunotherapy. To date, three TLR agonists have been approved by US regulatory agencies for use in cancer patients. Additionally, the potential of hitherto experimental TLR ligands to mediate clinically useful immunostimulatory effects has been extensively investigated over the past few years. Here, we summarize recent preclinical and clinical advances in the development of TLR agonists for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Smith
- Department of Medicine and Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elena García-Martínez
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - Michael R Pitter
- Department of Medicine and Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio a.c., Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio a.c., Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- INSERM, U1015, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/ Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1138, Paris, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP; Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/ Paris V, Paris, France.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Zarrabi K, Wu S. An evaluation of nivolumab for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:695-705. [PMID: 29782188 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1478962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The treatment paradigm for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has undergone a revolution with the rapid market approval of multiple agents over a three-year period. The immunogenicity of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) provided the biological rationale to assess the clinical efficacy of nivolumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor. Nivolumab is approved for second-line treatment after failure of angiogenesis-targeted therapy and in combination therapy with ipilimumab for previously untreated intermediate- or poor-risk advanced RCC. Areas covered: The authors review the preclinical and clinical data supporting nivolumab employment in mRCC. Discussion of the underlying mechanisms of immunotherapy, data on objective responses, safety and tolerability, regulatory affairs, and future directions of nivolumab therapy are highlighted. Expert opinion: Nivolumab serves as a proof-of-principle of the efficacy of immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibition in mRCC. Nivolumab may be considered the leading monotherapy in the second-line setting for patients with low tumor volume considering its risks and benefits. Nivolumab was recently approved in the first-line setting as part of combination therapy with another immune modulator. Moreover, nivolumab use may offer clinicians the option for treatment beyond progression as emerging data has indicated possible overall survival benefits in this setting. Ongoing clinical studies may result in nivolumab use in the first-line setting, as monotherapy or in combination therapy with antiangiogenesis agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zarrabi
- a Department of Medicine , Stony Brook University Hospital , Stony Brook , NY , USA
| | - Shenhong Wu
- b Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine , Northport VA Medical Center , Northport , NY , USA
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12
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Gowen MF, Giles KM, Simpson D, Tchack J, Zhou H, Moran U, Dawood Z, Pavlick AC, Hu S, Wilson MA, Zhong H, Krogsgaard M, Kirchhoff T, Osman I. Baseline antibody profiles predict toxicity in melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Transl Med 2018; 16:82. [PMID: 29606147 PMCID: PMC5880088 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1, or the combination) enhance anti-tumor immune responses, yielding durable clinical benefit in several cancer types, including melanoma. However, a subset of patients experience immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which can be severe and result in treatment termination. To date, no biomarker exists that can predict development of irAEs. Methods We hypothesized that pre-treatment antibody profiles identify a subset of patients who possess a sub-clinical autoimmune phenotype that predisposes them to develop severe irAEs following immune system disinhibition. Using a HuProt human proteome array, we profiled baseline antibody levels in sera from melanoma patients treated with anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1, or the combination, and used support vector machine models to identify pre-treatment antibody signatures that predict irAE development. Results We identified distinct pre-treatment serum antibody profiles associated with severe irAEs for each therapy group. Support vector machine classifier models identified antibody signatures that could effectively discriminate between toxicity groups with > 90% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Pathway analyses revealed significant enrichment of antibody targets associated with immunity/autoimmunity, including TNFα signaling, toll-like receptor signaling and microRNA biogenesis. Conclusions Our results provide the first evidence supporting a predisposition to develop severe irAEs upon immune system disinhibition, which requires further independent validation in a clinical trial setting. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1452-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Gowen
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keith M Giles
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Danny Simpson
- Division of Epidemiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy Tchack
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hua Zhou
- Applied Bioinformatics Core, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Una Moran
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zarmeena Dawood
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna C Pavlick
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Melissa A Wilson
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Krogsgaard
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Ave., Smilow Research Building 1311, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Tomas Kirchhoff
- Division of Epidemiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iman Osman
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Division of Hematology & Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Ave., Smilow Research Building 405, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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13
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Mukherjee N, Svatek RS, Mansour AM. Role of immunotherapy in bacillus Calmette-Guérin-unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 2018; 36:103-108. [PMID: 29429897 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Intravesical instillation of live attenuated bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the gold standard for patients with intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). BCG-failures include a heterogenous population of patients who share a designation of disease recurrence or progression following BCG and include patients with complete unresponsiveness to BCG, patients who respond initially but develop relapse and, in some cases, patients who are intolerant to BCG due to side effects. Given the efficacy and relatively rapid approval of several monoclonal antibodies against PD-L1 or PD-1 for advanced and metastatic bladder cancer, the role of these checkpoint inhibitors in BCG-relapsing disease at various disease stages is under consideration. Data supporting a role for immune checkpoint inhibitors is largely theoretical with limited supportive data from animal models and from clinical evidence of increased PD-L1 expression in BCG-unresponsive tumors. Current trials in BCG-unresponsive disease are underway and expected to provide insight regarding these concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Mukherjee
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Robert S Svatek
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Ahmed M Mansour
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX.
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14
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Riethdorf S, Soave A, Rink M. The current status and clinical value of circulating tumor cells and circulating cell-free tumor DNA in bladder cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2017; 6:1090-1110. [PMID: 29354496 PMCID: PMC5760371 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2017.09.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) is a complex disease, which is associated with highly aggressive tumor biologic behavior, especially in patients with muscle-invasive and advanced tumors. Despite multimodal therapy options including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, UCB patients frequently suffer from poor clinical outcome. Indeed, the potential of diverse opportunities for modern targeted therapies is not sufficiently elucidated in UCB yet. To improve the suboptimal treatment situation in UCB, biomarkers are urgently needed that help detecting minimal residual disease (MRD), predicting therapy response and subsequently prognosis as well as enabling patient stratification for further therapies and therapy monitoring, respectively. To date, decision making regarding treatment planning is mainly based on histopathologic evaluation of biopsies predominantly derived from the primary tumors and on clinical staging. However, both methods are imperfect for sufficient outcome prediction. During disease progression, individual disseminated tumor cells and consecutively metastases can acquire characteristics that do not match those of the corresponding primary tumors, and often are only hardly assessable for further evaluation. Therefore, during recent years, strong efforts were directed to establish non-invasive biomarkers from liquid biopsies. Urine cytology and serum tumor markers have been established for diagnostic purposes, but are still insufficient as universal biomarkers for decision-making and treatment of UCB patients. To date, the clinical relevance of various newly established blood-based biomarkers comprising circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating cell-free nucleic acids or tumor-educated platelets is being tested in cancer patients. In this review we summarize the current state and clinical application of CTCs and circulating cell-free tumor DNA originating from blood as biomarkers in patients with different UCB stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Riethdorf
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Armin Soave
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rink
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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