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Zhang N, Zang L. MiR-22-3p Inhibits 5-Fluorouracil Resistance in Cholangiocarcinoma Cells Through PTEN/PI3K/AKT Axis. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2024. [PMID: 38967602 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2024.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a prevalent and highly lethal form of cancer globally. Although microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the advancement of CCA, their potential influence on 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) resistance in CCA remains to be fully elucidated. Here, in this study, we investigated the impact of miR-22-3p on CCA resistance. Our investigation involved bioinformatics analysis, which revealed an association between miR-22-3p and the progression, diagnosis, and patient survival of CCA. Furthermore, we validated a notable downregulation of miR-22-3p expression in CCA cell lines. Elevated levels of miR-22-3p inhibit the activity and proliferation of 5-Fu-resistant CCA cell lines. In addition, we confirmed that phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a target gene of miR-22-3p, and its expression correlates with the survival of CCA patients. Reduced PTEN expression enhances apoptosis in 5-Fu-resistant CCA cells. Meanwhile, we verified the existence of the miR-22-3p/PTEN/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Protein kinase B (AKT) regulatory networks in CCA, influencing the sensitivity of CCA cells to 5-Fu. In conclusion, our findings suggest that miR-22-3p acts as a tumor suppressor. Its overexpression inhibits the PTEN/PI3K/AKT axis, promoting cell apoptosis and enhancing CCA sensitivity to 5-Fu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningrong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Haishu People's Hospital, Ningbo, Republic of China
| | - Li Zang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Haishu People's Hospital, Ningbo, Republic of China
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2
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Zhang C, Wang Y, Wu G, Sun N, Bai H, Li X, Han S, Zhou H, Qi R, Zhang J. RPL35A promotes the progression of cholangiocarcinoma by mediating HSPA8 ubiquitination. Biol Direct 2024; 19:16. [PMID: 38395908 PMCID: PMC10885515 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-024-00453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a biliary epithelial malignant tumor with an increasing incidence worldwide. Therefore, further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of CCA progression is required to identify new therapeutic targets. METHODS The expression of RPL35A in CCA and para-carcinoma tissues was detected by immunohistochemical staining. IP-MS combined with Co-IP identified downstream proteins regulated by RPL35A. Western blot and Co-IP of CHX or MG-132 treated CCA cells were used to verify the regulation of HSPA8 protein by RPL35A. Cell experiments and subcutaneous tumorigenesis experiments in nude mice were performed to evaluate the effects of RPL35A and HSPA8 on the proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration of CCA cells and tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS RPL35A was significantly upregulated in CCA tissues and cells. RPL35A knockdown inhibited the proliferation and migration of HCCC-9810 and HUCCT1 cells, induced apoptosis, and arrested the cell cycle in G1 phase. HSPA8 was a downstream protein of RPL35A and overexpressed in CCA. RPL35A knockdown impaired HSPA8 protein stability and increased HSPA8 protein ubiquitination levels. RPL35A overexpression promoted CCA cell proliferation and migration. HSPA8 knockdown inhibited CCA cell proliferation and migration, and reversed the promoting effect of RPL35A. Furthermore, RPL35A promoted tumor growth in vivo. In contrast, HSPA8 knockdown suppressed tumor growth, while was able to restore the effects of RPL35A overexpression. CONCLUSION RPL35A was upregulated in CCA tissues and promoted the progression of CCA by mediating HSPA8 ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengshuo Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, Nanjingbei street, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Anshan Central Hospital, No.51, South Zhonghua Road, Tiedong District, 114008, Anshan, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, Nanjingbei street, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Ning Sun
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, Nanjingbei street, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Han Bai
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, Nanjingbei street, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Xuejian Li
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, Nanjingbei street, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Han
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, Nanjingbei street, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Haonan Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, Nanjingbei street, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Ruizhao Qi
- Senior Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, 100039, Beijing, China.
| | - Jialin Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, Nanjingbei street, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China.
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Wu G, Wang Q, Wang D, Xiong F, Liu W, Chen J, Wang B, Huang W, Wang X, Chen Y. Targeting polycomb repressor complex 2-mediated bivalent promoter epigenetic silencing of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 inhibits cholangiocarcinoma progression. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1502. [PMID: 38050190 PMCID: PMC10696163 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) refers to a collection of malignancies that are associated with a dismal prognosis. Currently, surgical resection is the only way to cure patients with CCA. Available systemic therapy is limited to gemcitabine plus cisplatin; however, this treatment is palliative in nature. Therefore, there is still a need to explore new effective therapeutic targets to intervene against CCA. METHODS We analyzed the expression of EZH2 and the prognosis of patients in CCA. The proliferation, migration and invasion of CCA cells after gene knockdown and overexpression were examined and validated by a xenograft model and a primary CCA mouse model with corresponding gene intervention. Targeting DNA methylation, and RNA-sequencing-based transcriptomic analysis in EZH2 and SUZ12 knockout CCA cells was performed. Bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction (PCR), chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) and reverse-ChIP assays were performed for research purposes. RESULTS Increased expression of EZH2 in CCA exhibited a significantly poorer prognosis. DNA hypomethylation of the promoter and increased mRNA levels of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) were observed in CCA cells following the inhibition of polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2), which was achieved through a knockout of EZH2, SUZ12 and EED, respectively, or treatment with GSK126 and GSK343. Targeting the SFRP1 promoter DNA hypermethylation with dCas9-DNMT3a decreased the mRNA level of SFRP1. The expression of SFRP1 is regulated by both H3K27me3 and DNA methylation and H3K27me3 plays a crucial role in promoting SFRP1 promotor DNA methylation. GSK343 is a small molecule inhibitor that targets the catalytic activity of EZH2. It effectively inhibits the progression and development of subcutaneous xenografts and primary CCA mouse models. CONCLUSION Overall, our data strongly suggested that targeting PRC2 promotes the expression of SFRP1, thereby inhibiting the progression of CCA. KEY POINTS/HEADLIGHTS Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) exhibits elevated expression of EZH2, SUZ12 and EED, resulting in increased levels of H3K27me3. Targeting polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2) leads to the removal of H3K27me3 from the secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) promoter and DNA hypomethylation, thereby activating the transcription of SFRP1. Inhibiting PRC2, including the use of EZH2 inhibitors, holds promise as a potential strategy for developing anti-cancer drugs for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Wu
- Department of Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
| | - Da Wang
- Department of Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Department of Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
| | - Wenzheng Liu
- Department of Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
| | - Junsheng Chen
- Department of Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Department of EmergencyTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Departement of Pediatric SurgeryWuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- Department of Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
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Trifylli EM, Kriebardis AG, Koustas E, Papadopoulos N, Vasileiadi S, Fortis SP, Tzounakas VL, Anastasiadi AT, Sarantis P, Papageorgiou EG, Tsagarakis A, Aloizos G, Manolakopoulos S, Deutsch M. The Arising Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Cholangiocarcinoma: A Rundown of the Current Knowledge Regarding Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15563. [PMID: 37958547 PMCID: PMC10649642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) constitute a heterogeneous group of highly malignant epithelial tumors arising from the biliary tree. This cluster of malignant tumors includes three distinct entities, the intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal CCAs, which are characterized by different epidemiological and molecular backgrounds, as well as prognosis and therapeutic approaches. The higher incidence of CCA over the last decades, the late diagnostic time that contributes to a high mortality and poor prognosis, as well as its chemoresistance, intensified the efforts of the scientific community for the development of novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) comprise highly heterogenic, multi-sized, membrane-enclosed nanostructures that are secreted by a large variety of cells via different routes of biogenesis. Their role in intercellular communication via their cargo that potentially contributes to disease development and progression, as well as their prospect as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic tools, has become the focus of interest of several current studies for several diseases, including CCA. The aim of this review is to give a rundown of the current knowledge regarding the emerging role of EVs in cholangiocarcinogenesis and their future perspectives as diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni-Myrto Trifylli
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Medical Laboratories, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), Ag. Spyridonos Str., 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (E.-M.T.); (S.P.F.); (E.G.P.)
- First Department of Internal Medicine, 417 Army Share Fund Hospital, 11521 Athens, Greece;
- 2nd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias Avenue Str., 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.V.); (S.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Anastasios G. Kriebardis
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Medical Laboratories, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), Ag. Spyridonos Str., 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (E.-M.T.); (S.P.F.); (E.G.P.)
| | - Evangelos Koustas
- Oncology Department, General Hospital Evangelismos, 10676 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Papadopoulos
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, 401 General Military Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Sofia Vasileiadi
- 2nd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias Avenue Str., 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.V.); (S.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Sotirios P. Fortis
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Medical Laboratories, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), Ag. Spyridonos Str., 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (E.-M.T.); (S.P.F.); (E.G.P.)
| | - Vassilis L. Tzounakas
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (V.L.T.); (A.T.A.)
| | - Alkmini T. Anastasiadi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (V.L.T.); (A.T.A.)
| | - Panagiotis Sarantis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Effie G. Papageorgiou
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Medical Laboratories, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), Ag. Spyridonos Str., 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (E.-M.T.); (S.P.F.); (E.G.P.)
| | - Ariadne Tsagarakis
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Georgios Aloizos
- First Department of Internal Medicine, 417 Army Share Fund Hospital, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Spilios Manolakopoulos
- 2nd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias Avenue Str., 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.V.); (S.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Melanie Deutsch
- 2nd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias Avenue Str., 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.V.); (S.M.); (M.D.)
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5
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Xuan Z, Liu L, Zhang G, Zheng X, Jiang J, Wang K, Huang P. Novel cell subtypes of SPP1 + S100P+, MS4A1-SPP1 + S100P+ were key subpopulations in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130420. [PMID: 37433400 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we integrated single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data to investigate cell heterogeneity and utilized MSigDB and CIBERSORTx to explore the pathways of major cell types and the relationships between different cell subtypes. Subsequently, we explored the correlation of cell subtypes with survival and used Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analyses to assess the pathways associated with the infiltration of specific cell subtypes. Finally, multiplex immunohistochemistry in tissue microarray cohort were performed to validate differences in protein level and their correlation with survival. RESULTS iCCA presented a unique immune ecosystem, with increased proportions of Epi (epithelial)-SPP1-2, Epi-S100P-1, Epi-DN (double negative for SPP1 and S100P expression)-1, Epi-DN-2, Epi-DP (double positive for SPP1 and S100P expression)-1, Plasma B-3, Plasma B-2, B-HSPA1A-1, B-HSPA1A-2 cells, and decreased proportions of B-MS4A1. High level of Epi-DN-2, Epi-SPP1-1, Epi-SPP1-2, B-MS4A1, and low level of Epi-DB-1, Epi-S100P-1, and Epi-S100P-2 was significantly associated with longer overall survival (OS), and high level of B-MS4A1_Low_Epi-DN-2_Low was associated with the shortest OS. Moreover, the results of MsigDB and GSEA suggest that bile acid metabolism is a crucial process in iCCA. Finally, we found that S100P+, SPP1+, SPP1 + S100P+, and MS4A1-SPP1 + S100P+ were highly expressed, whereas MS4A1 was lowly expressed in iCCA, and patients with high level of S100P+, SPP1 + S100P+, and MS4A1-SPP1 + S100P+ exhibited shorter survival. CONCLUSIONS We identified the cell heterogeneity of iCCA, found that iCCA is a unique immune ecosystem with many cell subtypes, and showed that the novel cell subtypes of SPP1 + S100P+ and MS4A1-SPP1 + S100P+ were key subpopulations in iCCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixue Xuan
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Linqing Liu
- International Medical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Guobing Zhang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinying Jiang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Ping Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China.
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6
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Lin K, Cao J, Chen H, Topatana W, Cai J, Zhang B, Hu J, Jin R. Research trends in cholangiocarcinoma treatments during the last 3 decades. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17100. [PMID: 37455974 PMCID: PMC10338968 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Over the past 30 years, numerous studies have focused on the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), and these treatments have greatly evolved. Objectives To better understand the research trends, we evaluated the most influential publications and attempted to identify their characteristics using bibliometric methods. Methods The most influential publications were identified from the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science Core Collection database. The general characteristics of included papers were identified, and the research trends were explored via the bibliometric method. Results The average total number of citations for of the listed publications were 312 (range from 165 to 1922). The highest number of papers were published during period II (2001-2010, n = 50), followed by period III (2011-2020, n = 28), and period I (1991-2000, n = 22). The United States and Germany have made remarkable achievements in this field. Institutionally, Mayo Clinic and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center were the leading institutions, with Blumgart and Zhu from the United States being the most influential authors. Close collaboration was established between the leading countries, institutions, and authors. The Annals of Surgery contributed the most to the papers with the highest total number of citations. Surgery predominated during period I (n = 14, 63.6%), with a gradual decline occurring during periods II (n = 19, 41.3%, P = 0.085) and period III (n = 3, 9.4%, P = 0.002). Contrastingly, the number of publications related to systemic therapy has increased significantly since period II and peaked in period III. Conclusions Surgery remains the most important treatment for CCA. However systemic therapy has become a research and clinical application hotspot. These findings will contribute to the translation of treatments for CCA and provide researchers with relevant research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kainan Lin
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiasheng Cao
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haibo Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou, 317500, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Win Topatana
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingwei Cai
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiahao Hu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Renan Jin
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
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7
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Zhang C, Yang HY, Gao L, Bai MZ, Fu WK, Huang CF, Mi NN, Ma HD, Lu YW, Jiang NZ, Tian L, Cai T, Lin YY, Zheng XX, Gao K, Chen JJ, Meng WB. Lanatoside C decelerates proliferation and induces apoptosis through inhibition of STAT3 and ROS-mediated mitochondrial membrane potential transformation in cholangiocarcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1098915. [PMID: 37397486 PMCID: PMC10308052 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1098915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has increased worldwide in recent years. Given the poor prognosis associated with the current management approach of CCA, new therapeutic agents are warranted to improve the prognosis of this patient population. Methods: In this study, we extracted five cardiac glycosides (CGs) from natural plants: digoxin, lanatoside A, lanatoside C, lanatoside B, and gitoxin. Follow-up experiments were performed to assess the effect of these five extracts on cholangiocarcinoma cells and compounds with the best efficacy were selected. Lanatoside C (Lan C) was selected as the most potent natural extract for subsequent experiments. We explored the potential mechanism underlying the anticancer activity of Lan C on cholangiocarcinoma cells by flow cytometry, western blot, immunofluorescence, transcriptomics sequencing, network pharmacology and in vivo experiments. Results: We found that Lan C time-dependently inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis of HuCCT-1 and TFK-1 cholangiocarcinoma cells. Besides Lan C increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in cholangiocarcinoma cells, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and resulted in apoptosis. Besides, Lan C downregulated the protein expression of STAT3, leading to decreased expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, increased expression of Bax, activation of caspase-3, and initiation of apoptosis. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) pretreatment reversed the effect of Lan C. In vivo, we found that Lan C inhibited the growth of cholangiocarcinoma xenografts without toxic effects on normal cells. Tumor immunohistochemistry showed that nude mice transplanted with human cholangiocarcinoma cells treated with Lan C exhibited decreased STAT3 expression and increased caspase-9 and caspase-3 expression in tumors, consistent with the in vitro results. Conclusion: In summary, our results substantiates that cardiac glycosides have strong anti-CCA effects. Interestingly the biological activity of Lan C provides a new anticancer candidate for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hong-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Long Gao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ming-Zhen Bai
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wen-Kang Fu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chong-Fei Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ning-Ning Mi
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hai-Dong Ma
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ya-Wen Lu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ning-Zu Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Liang Tian
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Teng Cai
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yan-Yan Lin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xing-Xing Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wen-Bo Meng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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8
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Chen W, Xu D, Liu Q, Wu Y, Wang Y, Yang J. Unraveling the heterogeneity of cholangiocarcinoma and identifying biomarkers and therapeutic strategies with single-cell sequencing technology. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114697. [PMID: 37060660 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a common malignant tumor of the biliary tract that carries a high burden of morbidity and a poor prognosis. Due to the lack of precise diagnostic methods, many patients are often diagnosed at advanced stages of the disease. The current treatment options available are of varying efficacy, underscoring the urgency for the discovery of more effective biomarkers for early diagnosis and improved treatment. Recently, single-cell sequencing (SCS) technology has gained popularity in cancer research. This technology has the ability to analyze tumor tissues at the single-cell level, thus providing insights into the genomics and epigenetics of tumor cells. It also serves as a practical approach to study the mechanisms of cancer progression and to explore therapeutic strategies. In this review, we aim to assess the heterogeneity of CCA using single-cell sequencing technology, with the ultimate goal of identifying possible biomarkers and potential treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyang Chen
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China; Hangzhou Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Dongchao Xu
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China; Hangzhou Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China; Hangzhou Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Yirong Wu
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China; Hangzhou Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China.
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China; Hangzhou Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China.
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9
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Ho J, Fiocco C, Spencer K. Treating Biliary Tract Cancers: New Targets and Therapies. Drugs 2022; 82:1629-1647. [DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Zhang J, Xiao J, Wang Y, Zheng X, Cui J, Wang C. A universal co-expression gene network and prognostic model for hepatic-biliary-pancreatic cancers identified by integrative analyses. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:2006-2024. [PMID: 36054420 PMCID: PMC9623511 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic, biliary and pancreatic cancers are a diverse set of malignancies with poor prognoses. It is possible that common molecular mechanisms are involved in the carcinogenesis of these cancers. Here, we identified LINC01537 and seven protein-coding genes by integrative analysis of transcriptomes of mRNAs, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs from cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic adenocarcinoma cohorts in TCGA. A predictive model constructed from seven biomarkers was established to successfully predict the survival rate of patients, which was then further verified in external cohorts. Additionally, patients with high-risk scores in our model were prone to epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Finally, activation of the biomarker PDE2A significantly attenuated migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the HepG2 liver cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU‐UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang UniversityHainingChina
| | - Juan Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and RepairAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityChina
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU‐UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang UniversityHainingChina
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU‐UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang UniversityHainingChina
| | - Jiajun Cui
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU‐UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang UniversityHainingChina
| | - Chaochen Wang
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU‐UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang UniversityHainingChina
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11
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Isidan A, Yenigun A, Soma D, Aksu E, Lopez K, Park Y, Cross-Najafi A, Li P, Kundu D, House MG, Chakraborty S, Glaser S, Kennedy L, Francis H, Zhang W, Alpini G, Ekser B. Development and Characterization of Human Primary Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Lines. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:1200-1217. [PMID: 35640676 PMCID: PMC9472155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common primary liver tumor and is associated with late diagnosis, limited treatment options, and a 5-year survival rate of around 30%. CCA cell lines were first established in 1971, and since then, only 70 to 80 CCA cell lines have been established. These cell lines have been essential in basic and translational research to understand and identify novel mechanistic pathways, biomarkers, and disease-specific genes. Each CCA cell line has unique characteristics, reflecting a specific genotype, sex-related properties, and patient-related signatures, making them scientifically and commercially valuable. CCA cell lines are crucial in the use of novel technologies, such as three-dimensional organoid models, which help to model the tumor microenvironment and cell-to-cell crosstalk between tumor-neighboring cells. This review highlights crucial information on CCA cell lines, including: i) type of CCA (eg, intra- or extrahepatic), ii) isolation source (eg, primary tumor or xenograft), iii) chemical digestion method (eg, trypsin or collagenase), iv) cell-sorting method (colony isolation or removal of fibroblasts), v) maintenance-medium choice (eg, RPMI or Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium), vi) cell morphology (eg, spindle or polygonal shape), and vii) doubling time of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkadir Isidan
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ali Yenigun
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of General Surgery, Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Daiki Soma
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Division of Transplantation & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Eric Aksu
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kevin Lopez
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yujin Park
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Arthur Cross-Najafi
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ping Li
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Debjyoti Kundu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Division of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Michael G House
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Division of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Division of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Division of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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12
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Gao H, He Z, Gao C, Liu N, Zhang Z, Niu W, Niu J, Peng C. Exosome-transmitted miR-3124-5p promotes cholangiocarcinoma development via targeting GDF11. Front Oncol 2022; 12:936507. [PMID: 35978818 PMCID: PMC9376483 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.936507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL) is a deadly cancer worldwide with limited available therapies. The aim of this study was to investigate key exosomal miRNAs and their functions in CHOL development. Methods Serum exosomes were isolated from patients with CHOL and healthy controls, followed by miRNA sequencing for identifying differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and their functions. Then, the expression of key DEMs was experimentally validated in exosomes from clinical CHOL patients and CHOL cells. The effects of overexpression of key DEMs on CHOL cell migration and proliferation were investigated. A key exosomal DEM miR-3124-5p was identified. The effects of overexpression or knockdown of exosomal miR-3124-5p on the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were investigated. Moreover, the function of exosomal miR-3124-5p on tumor growth in vivo was explored. Results A total of 632 exosomal DEMs were identified between CHOL and control samples. Target genes of DEMs were significantly enriched in pathways, such as the p53 signaling pathway. miR-3124-5p was upregulated in serum exosomes from CHOL patients and exosomes from CHOL cells, and overexpression of miR-3124-5p promoted RBE cell migration and viability. Moreover, overexpression of exosomal miR-3124-5p promoted the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of HUVECs, while knockdown of miR-3124-5p had the opposite effect. miR-3124-5p could target growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and downregulate GDF11 expression. Furthermore, exosomal miR-3124-5p promoted tumor growth in vivo. Conclusions Our findings revealed that exosome-encapsulated miR-3124-5p promoted the malignant progression of CHOL by targeting GDF11. Exosomal miR-3124-5p and GDF11 could be promising biomarkers or therapeutic targets for CHOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Institute of Laparoscopic Minimally Invasive Surgery of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaobin He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Institute of Laparoscopic Minimally Invasive Surgery of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Institute of Laparoscopic Minimally Invasive Surgery of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Naiqing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhang
- The Institute of Laparoscopic Minimally Invasive Surgery of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weibo Niu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Institute of Laparoscopic Minimally Invasive Surgery of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Niu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Institute of Laparoscopic Minimally Invasive Surgery of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Institute of Laparoscopic Minimally Invasive Surgery of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Cheng Peng,
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Li N, Wang B. Suppressive effects of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-15a-5p on the progression of cholangiocarcinoma by inhibiting CHEK1 expression. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:205. [PMID: 35428780 PMCID: PMC9012823 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00932-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Currently, surgical extraction is the main therapy for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients, but it’s highly susceptible to postsurgical complications and recurrence rate. Thus, we identified the suppressing roles of exosomal miR-15a-5p from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) in the EMT and metastasis of CCA. The microarray dataset GSE265566 was employed to determine the expression of CHEK1 in CCA tissues. The relationship of miR-15a-5p with CHEK1 was analyzed using bioinformatics tools and dual-luciferase reporter assay. The particle size of HUCMSCs-exo was detected by scanning electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. The cellular and tumorous phenotypes were assessed through flow cytometry, CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay and the in vivo tumor xenograft experiments. CHEK1 was predicated to be markedly elevated in CCA. miR-15a-5p targeted CHEK1 and downregulated the expression of CHEK1. HUCMSCs-exo activated cell apoptosis but repressed the proliferative, invasive, and migratory potentials of CCA cells. After miR-15a-5p was silenced, HUCMSCs-exo presented an opposite effect in regulating CCA. Overexpression of miR-15a-5p promoted apoptosis but suppressed malignancy and tumorigenicity of CCA cells as well as EMT through downregulating CHEK1. Our data suggested that miR-15a-5p in HUCMSCs-exo suppresses EMT and metastasis of CCA through targeting downregulation of CHEK1.
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14
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Zheng Q, Zhang B, Li C, Zhang X. Overcome Drug Resistance in Cholangiocarcinoma: New Insight Into Mechanisms and Refining the Preclinical Experiment Models. Front Oncol 2022; 12:850732. [PMID: 35372014 PMCID: PMC8970309 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.850732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive tumor characterized by a poor prognosis. Therapeutic options are limited in patients with advanced stage of CCA, as a result of the intrinsic or acquired resistance to currently available chemotherapeutic agents, and the lack of new drugs entering into clinical application. The challenge in translating basic research to the clinical setting, caused by preclinical models not being able to recapitulate the tumor characteristics of the patient, seems to be an important reason for the lack of effective and specific therapies for CCA. So, there seems to be two ways to improve patient outcomes. The first one is developing the combination therapies based on a better understanding of the mechanisms contributing to the resistance to currently available chemotherapeutic agents. The second one is developing novel preclinical experimental models that better recapitulate the genetic and histopathological features of the primary tumor, facilitating the screening of new drugs for CCA patients. In this review, we discussed the evidence implicating the mechanisms underlying treatment resistance to currently investigated drugs, and the development of preclinical experiment models for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfan Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changfeng Li
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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15
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Zhu J, Zhang Y, Chen X, Bian Y, Li J, Wang K. The Emerging Roles of LINC00665 in Human Cancers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:839177. [PMID: 35356290 PMCID: PMC8959703 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.839177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that have more than 200 nucleotides and can participate in the regulation of gene expression in various ways. An increasing number of studies have shown that the dysregulated expression of lncRNAs is related to the occurrence and progression of human cancers. LINC00665 is a novel lncRNA, which is abnormally expressed in various human cancers, such as lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and glioma. LINC00665 functions in many biological processes of tumor cells, such as cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and metabolism, and is related to the clinicopathological characteristics of cancer patients. LINC00665 can play biological functions as a ceRNA, directly binding and interacting with proteins, and as an upstream molecule regulating multiple signaling pathways. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the expression level, function, and molecular mechanisms of LINC00665 in different human cancers and emphasize that LINC00665 is a promising new diagnostic, prognostic biomarker, and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Juan Li
- *Correspondence: Keming Wang, ; Juan Li,
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16
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Sato K, Baiocchi L, Kennedy L, Zhang W, Ekser B, Glaser S, Francis H, Alpini G. Current Advances in Basic and Translational Research of Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133307. [PMID: 34282753 PMCID: PMC8269372 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is highly malignant biliary tract cancer, which is characterized by limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Basic science studies to seek therapies for CCA are also limited due to lack of gold-standard experimental models and heterogeneity of CCA resulting in various genetic alterations and origins of tumor cells. Recent studies have developed new experimental models and techniques that may facilitate CCA studies leading to the development of novel treatments. This review summarizes the update in current basic studies of CCA. Abstract Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a type of biliary tract cancer emerging from the biliary tree. CCA is the second most common primary liver cancer after hepatocellular carcinoma and is highly aggressive resulting in poor prognosis and patient survival. Treatment options for CCA patients are limited since early diagnosis is challenging, and the efficacy of chemotherapy or radiotherapy is also limited because CCA is a heterogeneous malignancy. Basic research is important for CCA to establish novel diagnostic testing and more effective therapies. Previous studies have introduced new techniques and methodologies for animal models, in vitro models, and biomarkers. Recent experimental strategies include patient-derived xenograft, syngeneic mouse models, and CCA organoids to mimic heterogeneous CCA characteristics of each patient or three-dimensional cellular architecture in vitro. Recent studies have identified various novel CCA biomarkers, especially non-coding RNAs that were associated with poor prognosis or metastases in CCA patients. This review summarizes current advances and limitations in basic and translational studies of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisaku Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (L.K.); (H.F.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-317-278-4227
| | - Leonardo Baiocchi
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (L.K.); (H.F.); (G.A.)
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (W.Z.); (B.E.)
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (W.Z.); (B.E.)
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA;
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (L.K.); (H.F.); (G.A.)
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (L.K.); (H.F.); (G.A.)
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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17
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Sato K, Zhang W, Safarikia S, Isidan A, Chen AM, Li P, Francis H, Kennedy L, Baiocchi L, Alvaro D, Glaser S, Ekser B, Alpini G. Organoids and Spheroids as Models for Studying Cholestatic Liver Injury and Cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology 2021; 74:491-502. [PMID: 33222247 PMCID: PMC8529583 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiopathies, such as primary sclerosing cholangitis, biliary atresia, and cholangiocarcinoma, have limited experimental models. Not only cholangiocytes but also other hepatic cells including hepatic stellate cells and macrophages are involved in the pathophysiology of cholangiopathies, and these hepatic cells orchestrate the coordinated response against diseased conditions. Classic two-dimensional monolayer cell cultures do not resemble intercellular cell-to-cell interaction and communication; however, three-dimensional cell culture systems, such as organoids and spheroids, can mimic cellular interaction and architecture between hepatic cells. Previous studies have demonstrated the generation of hepatic or biliary organoids/spheroids using various cell sources including pluripotent stem cells, hepatic progenitor cells, primary cells from liver biopsies, and immortalized cell lines. Gene manipulation, such as transfection and transduction can be performed in organoids, and established organoids have functional characteristics which can be suitable for drug screening. This review summarizes current methodologies for organoid/spheroid formation and a potential for three-dimensional hepatic cell cultures as in vitro models of cholangiopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisaku Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Samira Safarikia
- Department of Precision and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Abdulkadir Isidan
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Angela M. Chen
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ping Li
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Leonardo Baiocchi
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Precision and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
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18
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Lampropoulou DI, Laschos K, Aravantinos G, Georgiou K, Papiris K, Theodoropoulos G, Gazouli M, Filippou D. Association between homeobox protein transcript antisense intergenic ribonucleic acid genetic polymorphisms and cholangiocarcinoma. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:1785-1792. [PMID: 33748227 PMCID: PMC7953393 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i8.1785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) represents a rare but highly aggressive malignancy that is often challenging to diagnose, especially in early stages. The role of existing tumor biomarkers for CCA diagnosis, remains controversial due to their low sensitivity and specificity. Increasing evidence has implicated long non-coding ribonucleic acid polymorphisms with cancer susceptibility in a variety of tumor types. The association between long non-coding ribonucleic acid homeobox protein transcript antisense intergenic ribonucleic acid (HOTAIR) polymorphisms and CCA risk has not been reported yet.
AIM To investigate the influence of HOTAIR variants on the risk of CCA development.
METHODS We conducted a case-control study in which three HOTAIR single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs920778, rs4759314 and rs7958904) were genotyped in a Greek cohort. Our study population included 122 CCA patients (80 males and 42 females) and 165 healthy controls. The polymorphisms under investigation were examined in peripheral blood samples.
RESULTS HOTAIR rs4759314 AG and GG genotypes were associated with a significantly increased CCA risk [P = 0.004, odds ratio: 3.13; 95% confidence interval: 1.65-5.91 and P = 0.005, odds ratio: 12.31; 95% confidence interval: 1.48-101.87, respectively]. However, no significant associations of HOTAIR rs920778, and rs7958904 were detected. Similarly, we found no significant associations between rs4759314 AA genotype and CCA susceptibility.
CONCLUSION HOTAIR rs4759314 AG and GG genotypes may be implicated with CCA development and may serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantinos Laschos
- Medical Oncology, General Oncology Hospital of Kifissia “Agioi Anargiroi”, Athens 14564, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Aravantinos
- Medical Oncology, General Oncology Hospital of Kifissia “Agioi Anargiroi”, Athens 14564, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Georgiou
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Papiris
- Endoscopic Surgery Department, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - George Theodoropoulos
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Basic Medical Sciences, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Filippou
- Anatomy and Surgical Anatomy, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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Fabris L, Sato K, Alpini G, Strazzabosco M. The Tumor Microenvironment in Cholangiocarcinoma Progression. Hepatology 2021; 73 Suppl 1:75-85. [PMID: 32500550 PMCID: PMC7714713 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive and heterogeneous malignancy of the biliary tree. A typical hallmark of CCA is that cancer cells are embedded into a dense stroma containing fibrogenic cells, lymphatics and a variety of immune cells. Functional roles of the reactive tumor stroma are not fully elucidated; however, recent studies suggest that the tumor microenvironment plays a key role in the progression and invasiveness of CCA. CCA cells exchange autocrine/paracrine signals with other cancer cells and the infiltrating cell types that populate the microenvironment. This crosstalk is under the control of signals mediated by various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. In addition, extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes and microvesicles, containing cargo mediators, such as proteins and RNAs, play a key role in cell-to-cell communication, and particularly in epigenetic regulation thanks to their content in miRNAs. Both cytokine- and EV-mediated communications between CCA cells and other liver cells provide a potential novel target for the management of CCA. This review summarizes current understandings of the tumor microenvironment and intercellular communications in CCA and their role in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy,Liver Center and Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Keisaku Sato
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Mario Strazzabosco
- Liver Center and Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Correspondence: Mario Strazzabosco MD, PhD, Liver Center and Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,
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Laschos K, Lampropoulou DI, Aravantinos G, Piperis M, Filippou D, Theodoropoulos G, Gazouli M. Exosomal noncoding RNAs in cholangiocarcinoma: Laboratory noise or hope? World J Gastrointest Surg 2020; 12:407-424. [PMID: 33194090 PMCID: PMC7642347 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v12.i10.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, extracellular vesicles and particularly exosomes have gained a lot of research interest due to their unique roles in several biological processes. Noncoding RNAs (microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs) represent a class of functional RNA with distinct regulatory roles in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare but highly aggressive type of malignancy that is very challenging to diagnose, especially in early stages; surgical resection still represents the sole potentially curative treatment option. Hence, there is an urgent need for the discovery of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Hereby, we provide a comprehensive review of the most recent discoveries that focus on exosomal noncoding RNAs in cholangio-carcinoma with the aim to identify new molecular players that could be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Laschos
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, General Oncology Hospital of Kifissia “Agioi Anargiroi”, Athens 14564, Greece
| | - Dimitra Ioanna Lampropoulou
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, General Oncology Hospital of Kifissia “Agioi Anargiroi”, Athens 14564, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Aravantinos
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, General Oncology Hospital of Kifissia “Agioi Anargiroi”, Athens 14564, Greece
| | - Maria Piperis
- Radiation Therapy Department, Iatropolis, Athens 15231, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Filippou
- Department of Anatomy and Surgical Anatomy, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - George Theodoropoulos
- 1st Propaedeutic University Surgery Clinic, Hippocratio General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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21
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Jin M, Wu L, Chen S, Cai R, Dai Y, Yang H, Tang L, Li Y. Arsenic trioxide enhances the chemotherapeutic efficiency of cisplatin in cholangiocarcinoma cells via inhibiting the 14-3-3ε-mediated survival mechanism. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:92. [PMID: 33024577 PMCID: PMC7505839 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most frequent primary liver carcinoma with high degrees of malignancy and mortality. Chemotherapy plays a key role in the treatment of CCA, however, the low chemotherapeutic efficiency leads to a bottleneck. So unraveling the potential mechanisms to enhance the efficiency (reduced the dosage and enhanced the effects of chemotherapy drugs) and identifying alternative therapeutic strategies in CCA are urgently needed. Here, we found that, in CCA cells, when cisplatin (CDDP) displayed anti-tumor effects, it activated 14-3-3ε simultaneously, which in turn formed a survival mechanism via the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI-3K/Akt). However, low concentrations of arsenic trioxide (ATO) could disrupt such survival mechanism and enhanced the efficiency. For the molecular mechanisms, ATO attenuated 14-3-3ε at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional (ubiquitination degradation) levels. Such repressive effect blocked the activation of PI-3K/Akt, and its downstream anti-apoptotic factors, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and survivin. Collectively, our present study revealed that the synergistic effects of ATO and CDDP could be a novel approach for enhancing the efficiency, which provides an innovative therapeutic vision for the treatment of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jin
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211166 Nanjing, China
| | - Liunan Wu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211166 Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 213003 Changzhou, China
| | - Rong Cai
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211166 Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 213003 Changzhou, China
| | - Haojun Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 213003 Changzhou, China
| | - Liming Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 213003 Changzhou, China
| | - Yuan Li
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211166 Nanjing, China
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22
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Bai M, Fu W, Su G, Cao J, Gao L, Huang C, Ma H, Zhang J, Yue P, Bai B, Lin Y, Meng W, Li X. The role of extracellular vesicles in cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2020. [PMCID: PMC7709354 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare tumor that arises from cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells of the bile duct. The tumor is characterized by insidious onset, high degree of malignancy, poor prognosis and high recurrence rate. Due to the lack of specific biomarkers, it is difficult to diagnose CCA early and evaluate prognosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include apoptotic bodies, microvesicles and exosomes, have emerged as having important roles in cell-to-cell communication in both normal physiology and pathological conditions. Some research has found that EVs play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of CCA. EVs can carry specific molecular substances such as nucleic acids and proteins, which have potential for the diagnosis and therapy of CCA. This article reviews the current knowledge on the role of EVs in CCA. We highlight EVs and their functions in the physiology and pathophysiology of CCA, and discuss their therapeutic potential and their role as biomarkers.
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