Locational and Clinical Varieties of Warthin Tumor: Two Rare Case Presentations

Warthin tumor (WT) is the second most common benign tumor of the parotid gland with male predominance and is seen in the elderly population in the left mandibular and cervical regions. Extraparotid WT rarely presents as a mass in the right cervical region in middle-aged adults. Here, we present two extraordinary cases of WT seen in middle age, both in the right cervical region. The first is a 50-year-old man with an asymptomatic neck mass, and the second is a 60-year-old woman with a fast-growing mass with enhancement in positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) with suspicions of malignancy.

Development and Characterization of Human Primary Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Lines

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common primary liver tumor and is associated with late diagnosis, limited treatment options, and a 5-year survival rate of around 30%. CCA cell lines were first established in 1971, and since then, only 70 to 80 CCA cell lines have been established. These cell lines have been essential in basic and translational research to understand and identify novel mechanistic pathways, biomarkers, and disease-specific genes. Each CCA cell line has unique characteristics, reflecting a specific genotype, sex-related properties, and patient-related signatures, making them scientifically and commercially valuable. CCA cell lines are crucial in the use of novel technologies, such as three-dimensional organoid models, which help to model the tumor microenvironment and cell-to-cell crosstalk between tumor-neighboring cells. This review highlights crucial information on CCA cell lines, including: i) type of CCA (eg, intra- or extrahepatic), ii) isolation source (eg, primary tumor or xenograft), iii) chemical digestion method (eg, trypsin or collagenase), iv) cell-sorting method (colony isolation or removal of fibroblasts), v) maintenance-medium choice (eg, RPMI or Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium), vi) cell morphology (eg, spindle or polygonal shape), and vii) doubling time of cells.

Transcanalicular revision surgery for failed dacryocystorhinostomy

AIM

To evaluate the effectiveness of transcanalicular multi diode laser in revision dacryocystorhinostomy and to determine the outcomes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Fifty-three consecutive patients (19 males, 44 females) who were referred for recurrent dacryostenosis with epiphora after a failed primary dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) operation were included in the study. Patients were assigned to two separate groups on the basis of primary DCR operation: either endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (END-DCR) or transcanalicular multi diode laser dacryocystorhinostomy (TC-MDL DCR). TC-MDL DCR technique was used for revision surgeries in both groups. The mean age of the patients was 46.5 ± 13.1 (Range, 15 -71) and the average follow-up duration was 12 months.

RESULTS

The success rate was 62% (18/29) in the primarily TC-MDL DCR operated group, and 85.2% (29/34) in the primarily END-DCR operated group respectively. The occlusion of internal ostium with granulation tissue was the leading etiology of unsuccessful surgical outcome in both group 1 and group 2 (42.8% and 28.5% respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

TC-MDL DCR is a minimally invasive surgical method with relatively high success and low complication rates in patients with failed primary DCR requiring revision.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy of olfactory dysfunction in diabetic neuropathy with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a new definition Diabetic Olfactopathy

BACKGROUND

Hyperbaric Oxygen therapy is recommended as an adjuvant therapy for diabetic neuropathy. To investigate olfactory dysfunction and show the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen treatment in patients with type 2 diabetic neuropathy.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Patients diagnosed with Type 2 DM and diabetic neuropathy were included in the group 1. Patients of Group 1 were administered with a hyperbaric oxygen therapy for 30 sessions and patients who returned for a check up following 30 sessions were incorporated into the Group 2. Healthy volunteers with no medical problems were included in the study as a control group (Group 3). Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research (CCCRC) test and the subjective visual analog scale (VAS; 0-100) were utilized to evaluate the olfactory function.

RESULTS

There was a statistically significant difference both between the control group and the patient group as well as before and after the HBO therapy in terms of total CCCRC scoring averages and VAS Scoring averages.

CONCLUSION

When compared to normal individuals, type 2 diabetic neuropathy can cause an olfactory dysfunction, and a statistically significant improvement in olfaction can be obtained with HBO therapy. This is the first study demonstrating that the HBO therapy can play a role in treating olfactory dysfunctions suffered by the patients with diabetic olfactory neuropathies.

Investigation of the role of major respiratory viruses in the aetiology of nasal polyps using polymerase chain reaction technique

Objective: We aimed to identify the role of major respiratory viruses in the aetiology of human nasal polyps using polymerase chain reaction technique. Methods: Thirty patients with nasal polyps and a group of 20 healthy patients (control group) were included in this study. Mucosa was obtained from the polyps of patients with nasal polyposis and from the middle turbinate of the control group patients by means of biopsy. The samples were stored at -80 °C until molecular analysis by polymerase chain reaction was carried out. Results: In the control group, the human coronavirus and human rhinovirus were diagnosed in one of the patients and the human respiratory syncytial virus in another. In the group with nasal polyposis, the influenza B virus was identified in one of the patients and the human coronavirus in another. Conclusion: The results did not demonstrate a statistically significant relationship between nasal polyposis and respiratory viruses.

A case of Lenz microphthalmia syndrome

Lenz microphthalmia syndrome was first described by Lenz et al in 1955. The cardinal features of the syndrome are microphthalmia or anophthalmos, narrow shoulders, other skeletal anomalies, and dental and urogenital malformations. Here we present a case of Lenz microphthalmia syndrome who shows the typical characteristics and, additionally, dysgenesis of the corpus callosum associated with dilatation of the lateral ventricles. The patient, a 13 year old male, was referred to our hospital by a dental hospital for genetic counselling. On physical examination, height, weight, and head circumference were below the 3rd centile and he had brachymicrocephaly, a preauricular tag, microphthalmia, missing teeth, narrow shoulders, long, proximally placed thumbs, hypospadias, cryptorchidism, and a normal IQ. Ophthalmological examination showed microcornea, sclerocornea, absence of the pupil, no vision in the left eye and decreased vision and a small pupil in the right eye in addition to his bilateral microphthalmia. Cranial MRI showed dilatation of the lateral ventricles and dysgenesis of the corpus callosum.