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Workie HM, Wahlström J, Svensson J, Låftman SB. Perceived parental alcohol problems and drinking patterns among adolescents in Sweden. Addict Behav Rep 2024; 19:100535. [PMID: 38419748 PMCID: PMC10900252 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Much research into the links between parental problematic alcohol use and adolescent substance use has focused on clinically diagnosed parental alcohol disorders. Few prior studies have utilised validated measures of adolescents' perception of parental alcohol problems and considered the severity of these problems. This study examined the associations between the severity of perceived parental alcohol problems and adolescents' drinking patterns in a Swedish national sample. Methods We used survey information from grade 9 and 11 students (15-18 years) from 2021 (n = 9,227). Perceived parental alcohol problems were measured by the short version of The Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST-6). The outcomes were: alcohol consumption during the past 12 months, frequent heavy episodic drinking (HED), and early alcohol debut (before age 14). Sociodemographic characteristics were adjusted for. Results Binary logistic regressions showed that the severity of perceived parental alcohol problems was associated with alcohol consumption during the past 12 months (low severity OR 1.53, p < 0.001; moderate severity OR 1.85, p < 0.001; high severity OR 2.52, p < 0.001), HED (low severity OR 1.16, n.s.; moderate severity OR 1.31, n.s.; high severity OR 1.64, p < 0.01), and early alcohol debut (low severity OR 1.57, p < 0.001; moderate severity OR 1.65, p < 0.001; high severity OR 2.20, p < 0.001). Conclusions Adolescents with perceived parental alcohol problems are more likely to have risky drinking patterns themselves, and the likelihood becomes higher with increased severity. Effective interventions for children whose parents have drinking problems are important, and should also take the severity of the parents' drinking problem into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiwot Mezgebe Workie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim Wahlström
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Svensson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), Östgötagatan 90, SE-11664 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Brolin Låftman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Ward G, McLeod J. From control to vulnerability: Resolution of illusory mental health within a significant change event during pluralistic psychotherapy. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY & COUNSELLING 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13642537.2021.1923047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grainne Ward
- Institute for Integrative Counselling and Psychotherapy College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John McLeod
- Institute for Integrative Counselling and Psychotherapy College, Dublin, Ireland
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Hellum R, Nielsen AS, Bischof G, Andersen K, Hesse M, Ekstrøm CT, Bilberg R. Community reinforcement and family training (CRAFT) - design of a cluster randomized controlled trial comparing individual, group and self-help interventions. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:307. [PMID: 30871596 PMCID: PMC6416948 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6632-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Around 585,000 people in Denmark engage in harmful use of alcohol with 140,000 suffering from outright alcohol dependence. The concerned significant others (CSOs) are affected by the drinking, often suffering almost as much as the person with alcohol use disorder. Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) is aimed at CSOs who struggle unsuccessfully, in an effort to motivate their loved ones to stop drinking and seek treatment. The aims of this study are 1) To implement CRAFT interventions into the daily routine of operating Danish alcohol treatment centers 2) To investigate whether 6-week-individual CRAFT, 6-week-open group-based CRAFT or CRAFT based on self-help material, is efficient in getting problem drinkers to seek treatment for their alcohol problems 3) To investigate which of the three interventions (individual, group or self-directed CRAFT) is the most effective and in which group of population. METHODS The study is a three-arm, cluster randomized controlled trial: A: individual CRAFT, group CRAFT, and CRAFT as a self-help intervention. A total of 405 concerned significant others to persons with alcohol abuse will be recruited from 24 alcohol outpatient clinics. The participants will fill out a questionnaire regarding i.e. life quality, if the drinking person entered treatment (main outcome) and satisfaction with the intervention, at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. DISCUSSION We expect to establish evidence as to whether CRAFT is efficient in a Danish treatment setting and whether CRAFT is most effective at individual, group or self-help material only. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trials.gov ID: NCT03281057 . Registration date: September 13th, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Hellum
- Unit of Clinical Alcohol Research, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws vej 18, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Psychiatric Department, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws vej 18, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anette Søgaard Nielsen
- Unit of Clinical Alcohol Research, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws vej 18, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Psychiatric Department, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws vej 18, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Gallus Bischof
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kjeld Andersen
- Unit of Clinical Alcohol Research, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws vej 18, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Psychiatric Department, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws vej 18, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten Hesse
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Department of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, Aarhus University, Artillerivej 90, 2, 2300 København S, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claus Thorn Ekstrøm
- Unit of Clinical Alcohol Research, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws vej 18, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 København K, Denmark
| | - Randi Bilberg
- Unit of Clinical Alcohol Research, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws vej 18, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Psychiatric Department, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws vej 18, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Tedgård E, Råstam M, Wirtberg I. An upbringing with substance-abusing parents: Experiences of parentification and dysfunctional communication. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2018; 36:223-247. [PMID: 32934562 PMCID: PMC7434158 DOI: 10.1177/1455072518814308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To increase understanding of the consequences of growing up with substance-abusing parents, including how this can influence the experience of becoming a parent. Methods In-depth interviews were conducted with 19 parents who had participated in an Infant and Toddler Psychiatry Unit intervention programme and who had experienced substance-abusing parents in their family of origin. Directed qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data. Results Analysis of the interview material revealed both a high incidence of parentification and a conspiracy of silence concerning the substance abuse that helped generate symptoms of cognitive dissonance in the children. As parents they experience a high degree of inadequacy, incompetence and stress. Conclusion A majority of the children who had grown up with substance-abusing parents responded by taking a parenting role for themselves, their siblings and their parents. These children, often well-behaved and seemingly competent, need to be identified and offered support as they risk developing significant psychological and emotional difficulties that can extend into adulthood. They form an extra sensitive group who may need special support up to and including the time when they become parents themselves. This finding underlines the importance of further research on parenting among those who have grown up with abusive parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tedgård
- Lund University, Sweden Offices for Healthcare "Sund", Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Infant and Toddler Unit, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maria Råstam
- Lund University, Sweden University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Pisinger VSC, Holst CA, Bendtsen P, Becker U, Tolstrup JS. Perceived parental alcohol problems and drinking patterns in youth: A cross-sectional study of 69,030 secondary education students in Denmark. Prev Med 2017; 105:389-396. [PMID: 28088538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine whether young people with parental alcohol problems have different drinking patterns than those without parental alcohol problems. Further, we examined whether the association between parental alcohol problems and young people's drinking patterns differed depending on the gender of the child and the parent, and whether more severe parental alcohol problems and cohabitation with the parent with alcohol problems was associated with earlier and heavier drinking patterns. Data came from the Danish National Youth Study 2014, a web-based national survey. 75,025 high school and vocational school students (15-25years) participated. Drinking patterns were investigated by the following outcomes: non-drinking, weekly alcohol consumption, frequent binge drinking, and early intoxication debut age. The main predictor variables were perceived parental alcohol problems, gender of the parent with alcohol problems, cohabitation with a parent with alcohol problems and severity of the parents' alcohol problems. Young people with parental alcohol problems had a higher weekly alcohol consumption (boys: 15.2 vs. 13.9 drinks per week; girls: 11.6 vs. 10.2 drinks per week), higher odds of early intoxication debut age (boys: OR=1.68 [95% CI 1.50-1.89]; girls: OR 1.95 [95% CI 1.79-2.14]), and more frequent binge drinking (boys, OR=1.16 [95% CI 1.04-1.29]; girls, OR=1.21 [95% CI 1.11-1.32]) compared to young people without parental alcohol problems. In conclusion, this study shows that young people with perceived parental alcohol problems have an earlier intoxication debut age, binge drink more frequently, and drink larger quantities per week than young people without perceived parental alcohol problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlotte A Holst
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Pernille Bendtsen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Becker
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Janne S Tolstrup
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
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Pisinger VSC, Bloomfield K, Tolstrup JS. Perceived parental alcohol problems, internalizing problems and impaired parent - child relationships among 71 988 young people in Denmark. Addiction 2016; 111:1966-1974. [PMID: 27338947 DOI: 10.1111/add.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To test the hypothesis that young people with perceived parental alcohol problems have poorer parent-child relationships and more emotional symptoms, low self-esteem, loneliness and depression than young people without perceived parental alcohol problems. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis using data from the Danish National Youth Study 2014, a web-based national survey. SETTING Denmark. PARTICIPANTS A total of 71.988 high school and vocational school students (aged 12-25, nested in 119 schools and 3.186 school classes) recruited throughout 2014. MEASUREMENTS Outcome variables included internalizing problems such as emotional symptoms, depression, self-esteem, loneliness and aspects of the parent-child relationship. The main predictor variable was perceived parental alcohol problems, including the severity of the perceived problems and living with a parent with alcohol problems. Control variables included age, sex, education, ethnicity, parents' separation and economic problems in the family. FINDINGS Boys and girls with perceived parental alcohol problems had statistically significant higher odds of reporting internalizing problems (e.g. frequent emotional symptoms: odds ratio (OR)= 1.58 for boys; 1.49 for girls) and poor parent-child relationships (e.g. lack of parental interest: OR = 1.92 for boys; 2.33 for girls) compared with young people without perceived parental alcohol problems. The associations were not significantly stronger for mother's alcohol problems or if the young person lived with the parent with perceived alcohol problems. CONCLUSION Boys and girls in secondary education in Denmark who report perceived parental alcohol problems have significantly higher odds of internalizing problems and poorer parent-child relationships compared with young people without perceived parental alcohol problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica S C Pisinger
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Bloomfield
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Janne S Tolstrup
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Werner A, Malterud K. Encounters with service professionals experienced by children from families with alcohol problems: A qualitative interview study. Scand J Public Health 2016; 44:663-670. [PMID: 27516443 DOI: 10.1177/1403494816661651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to explore encounters with service professionals experienced in childhood and adolescence by children who grew up with parental alcohol abuse. We focused on their accounts from situations indicating children's struggles or parental drinking problems. METHODS Semi-structured qualitative interview study was conducted with retrospective data from nine adults. Systematic text condensation was used to understand childhood experiences from encounters with professionals. RESULTS Participants believed that professionals rarely recognised their parents' drinking problems. The children felt abandoned by professionals who must have noticed their struggles. Participants experienced that their appearance or behaviour was ignored and that they were not invited to talk. Professionals taking part in individual family members' problems seemed to avoid subsequent involvement in underlying parental drinking. Even when problems were obvious, participants felt that professionals took no further action. Medical and social problems were managed within very confined perspectives. CONCLUSIONS Specific commitment to confront cultural taboos is needed to attend to children's unmet needs. Recognising each young person's situation implies not only noticing that something is wrong, but also taking action. Children's experiences of fragmented and confined approaches towards parental drinking problems may be counteracted by better collaboration between teachers, school nurses and GPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Werner
- 1 Health Services Research Unit (HØKH), Akershus University Hospital, Norway
| | - Kirsti Malterud
- 2 Research Unit for General Practice, Uni Research Health, Norway.,3 Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway.,4 The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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