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mRNA-From COVID-19 Treatment to Cancer Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020308. [PMID: 36830845 PMCID: PMC9953480 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview covering mRNA from its use in the COVID-19 pandemic to cancer immunotherapy, starting from the selection of appropriate antigens, tumor-associated and tumor-specific antigens, neoantigens, the basics of optimizing the mRNA molecule in terms of stability, efficacy, and tolerability, choosing the best formulation and the optimal route of administration, to summarizing current clinical trials of mRNA vaccines in tumor therapy.
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Zhou L, Zou M, Xu Y, Lin P, Lei C, Xia X. Nano Drug Delivery System for Tumor Immunotherapy: Next-Generation Therapeutics. Front Oncol 2022; 12:864301. [PMID: 35664731 PMCID: PMC9160744 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.864301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy is an artificial stimulation of the immune system to enhance anti-cancer response. It has become a powerful clinical strategy for treating cancer. The number of immunotherapy drug approvals has been increasing in recent years, and many treatments are in clinical and preclinical stages. Despite this progress, the special tumor heterogeneity and immunosuppressive microenvironment of solid tumors made immunotherapy in the majority of cancer cases difficult. Therefore, understanding how to improve the intratumoral enrichment degree and the response rate of various immunotherapy drugs is key to improve efficacy and control adverse reactions. With the development of materials science and nanotechnology, advanced biomaterials such as nanoparticle and drug delivery systems like T-cell delivery therapy can improve effectiveness of immunotherapy while reducing the toxic side effects on non-target cells, which offers innovative ideas for improving immunity therapeutic effectiveness. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of tumor cell immune escape and focus on current immunotherapy (such as cytokine immunotherapy, therapeutic monoclonal antibody immunotherapy, PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, CAR-T therapy, tumor vaccine, oncolytic virus, and other new types of immunity) and its challenges as well as the latest nanotechnology (such as bionic nanoparticles, self-assembled nanoparticles, deformable nanoparticles, photothermal effect nanoparticles, stimuli-responsive nanoparticles, and other types) applications in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Manshu Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yilin Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Lei
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xinhua Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Targeted Inhibition of O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy to Restore Chemosensitivity and Attenuate Aggressive Tumor Traits in Chemoresistant Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051162. [PMID: 35625898 PMCID: PMC9138654 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of acquired chemoresistance during treatment cycles in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) is the major cause of death through enhancing the risk of cancer progression and metastasis. Elevated glucose flux through the abnormal upregulation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) controls key signaling and metabolic pathways regulating diverse cancer cell phenotypes. This study showed that OGT expression levels in two human UCB cell models with acquired resistance to gemcitabine and paclitaxel were significantly upregulated compared with those in parental cells. Reducing hyper-O-GlcNAcylation by OGT knockdown (KD) markedly facilitated chemosensitivity to the corresponding chemotherapeutics in both cells, and combination treatment with OGT-KD showed more severe growth defects in chemoresistant sublines. We subsequently verified the suppressive effects of OGT-KD monotherapy on cell migration/invasion in vitro and xenograft tumor growth in vivo in chemoresistant UCB cells. Transcriptome analysis of these cells revealed 97 upregulated genes, which were enriched in multiple oncogenic pathways. Our final choice of suspected OGT glycosylation substrate was VCAN, S1PR3, PDGFRB, and PRKCG, the knockdown of which induced cell growth defects. These findings demonstrate the vital role of dysregulated OGT activity and hyper-O-GlcNAcylation in modulating treatment failure and tumor aggression in chemoresistant UCB.
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Ferro M, Marchioni M, Lucarelli G, Vartolomei MD, Soria F, Terracciano D, Mistretta FA, Luzzago S, Buonerba C, Cantiello F, Mari A, Minervini A, Veccia A, Antonelli A, Musi G, Hurle R, Busetto GM, Del Giudice F, Chung BI, Berardinelli F, Perdonà S, Del Prete P, Mirone V, Borghesi M, Porreca A, Bove P, Autorino R, Crisan N, Abu Farhan AR, Battaglia M, Ditonno P, Russo GI, Muto M, Damiano R, Manfredi M, Porpiglia F, DE Cobelli O, Schips L. Association of statin use and oncological outcomes in patients with first diagnosis of T1 high grade non-muscle invasive urothelial bladder cancer: results from a multicenter study. Minerva Urol Nephrol 2021; 73:796-802. [PMID: 33439571 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6051.20.04076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to test the hypothesis that the immune-modulatory effect of statins may improve survival outcomes in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). We focused on a cohort of patients diagnosed with high risk NMIBC, that were treated with intravesical BCG immunotherapy. METHODS We included patients at first diagnosis of T1 high grade NMIBC after transurethral resection of bladder (TURB). All procedures were performed at 18 different tertiary institutions between January 2002 and December 2012. Univariable and multivariable models were used to test differences in terms of residual tumor, disease recurrence, disease progression and overall mortality (OM) rates. RESULTS Overall, 1510 patients with T1 high grade NMIBC at TURB were included in our analyses. Of these, 402 (26.6%) were statin users. At multivariable analysis, statin use was associated with a higher rate of high-grade BC at re-TURB (OR: 1.37, 95%CI: 1.04-1.78; P=0.022), while at follow-up it was not independently associated with OM (HR: 0.71, 95%CI: 0.50-1.03; P=0.068) and disease progression rates (HR: 0.97, 95%CI: 0.79-1.19; P=0.753). Conversely, statin use has been shown to be independently associated with a lower risk of recurrence (HR:0.80, 95%CI: 0.67-0.95; P=0.009). The median recurrence-free survival was 47 (95%CI 40-49) months for those classified as non-statin users vs. 53 (95%CI 48-68) months in those classified as statin users. CONCLUSIONS Statin daily intake do not compromise oncological outcomes in high risk NMIBC patients treated with BCG. Moreover, statin may have a beneficial effect on recurrence rates in this cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ferro
- Division of Urology, IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy -
| | - Michele Marchioni
- Unit of Urology, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, SS. Annunziata Hospital, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucarelli
- Section of Urology, Unit of Andrology and Kidney Transplantation, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Mihai D Vartolomei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Francesco Soria
- School of Medicine, Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Terracciano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Luzzago
- Division of Urology, IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Buonerba
- CRTR Rare Tumors Reference Center, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Mari
- Unit of Oncologic Minimally-Invasive Urology and Andrology, Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Minervini
- Unit of Oncologic Minimally-Invasive Urology and Andrology, Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Veccia
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, VCU Health System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Gennaro Musi
- Division of Urology, IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Berardinelli
- Unit of Urology, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, SS. Annunziata Hospital, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sisto Perdonà
- Department Uro-Gynecology, IRCCS G. Pascale Foundation, National Institute for the Study and Treatment of Cancer, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Del Prete
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS G. Pascale Foundation, National Institute for the Study and Treatment of Cancer, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mirone
- Unit of Urology, Department of Neurosciences, Sciences of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Borghesi
- Department of Urology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelo Porreca
- Department of Robotic Urologic Surgery, Abano Terme Hospital, Abano Terme, Padua, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Bove
- Division of Urology, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Autorino
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, VCU Health System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Nicolae Crisan
- Department of Urology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Haţieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Michele Battaglia
- Section of Urology, Unit of Andrology and Kidney Transplantation, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ditonno
- Section of Urology, Unit of Andrology and Kidney Transplantation, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgio I Russo
- Department of Urology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Matteo Muto
- Unit of Radiotherapy, Moscati University Hospital, Avellino, Italy
| | - Rocco Damiano
- Department of Urology, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Matteo Manfredi
- School of Medicine, Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Porpiglia
- School of Medicine, Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Schips
- Unit of Urology, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, SS. Annunziata Hospital, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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Zhegalik AG, Polyakov SL, Rolevich AI, Volkov AN, Minich AA, Vasilevich VJ, Mokhort AA, Krasny SA, Sukonko OG. Long-term results of a single-center prospective randomized trial assessing efficacy of a shortened course of adjuvant chemotherapy after radical cystectomy in patients with locally advanced bladder cancer. Cent European J Urol 2020; 73:26-32. [PMID: 32395319 PMCID: PMC7203780 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2020.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study assesses the efficacy and tolerability of two cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) with gemcitabine and cisplatin after radical cystectomy in patients with a high risk of progression of muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer as compared to chemotherapy at relapse, in a prospective randomized study. Material and methods From 2008 to 2013, all patients after radical cystectomy at our institution for primary or recurrent urothelial bladder cancer with stage pT3-4 and/or pN+ on histopathology and without contraindications to combination cisplatin-based chemotherapy, were randomized either to two cycles of gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy or to follow-up and chemotherapy at the time of relapse. The study endpoints were overall, cancer-specific, and disease-free survival. Results The study included 100 patients, of whom 53 received AC and the other 47 were assigned to the control arm. Out of 53 allocated to AC arm, 16 patients did not start chemotherapy or received only one cycle of AC. The median follow-up for patients in the AC and control arms was 88 and 86 months, respectively. In the AC arm the hazard ratio for death from any cause, death from bladder cancer, and disease relapse were 0.70 (95% CI 0.45-1.11; p = 0.13), 0.84 (95% CI 0.50-1.41; p = 0.51), and 0.77 (95% CI 0.46-1.28; p = 0.31), respectively. Conclusions Two cycles of AC with gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with high-risk urothelial bladder cancer after radical cystectomy does not improve overall, cancer-specific, and disease-free survival. Only 53% of patients randomized to AC received the entire planned treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Zhegalik
- Department of Urology, N.N. Alexandrov National Research Cancer Center, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sergey L Polyakov
- Department of Urology, N.N. Alexandrov National Research Cancer Center, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Alexander I Rolevich
- Department of Urology, N.N. Alexandrov National Research Cancer Center, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Alexander N Volkov
- Department of Urology, N.N. Alexandrov National Research Cancer Center, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Alexander A Minich
- Department of Urology, N.N. Alexandrov National Research Cancer Center, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - Andrey A Mokhort
- Department of Urology, N.N. Alexandrov National Research Cancer Center, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sergey A Krasny
- Department of Urology, N.N. Alexandrov National Research Cancer Center, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Oleg G Sukonko
- Department of Urology, N.N. Alexandrov National Research Cancer Center, Minsk, Belarus
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Carrot-Zhang J, Chambwe N, Damrauer JS, Knijnenburg TA, Robertson AG, Yau C, Zhou W, Berger AC, Huang KL, Newberg JY, Mashl RJ, Romanel A, Sayaman RW, Demichelis F, Felau I, Frampton GM, Han S, Hoadley KA, Kemal A, Laird PW, Lazar AJ, Le X, Oak N, Shen H, Wong CK, Zenklusen JC, Ziv E, Cherniack AD, Beroukhim R. Comprehensive Analysis of Genetic Ancestry and Its Molecular Correlates in Cancer. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:639-654.e6. [PMID: 32396860 PMCID: PMC7328015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated ancestry effects on mutation rates, DNA methylation, and mRNA and miRNA expression among 10,678 patients across 33 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We demonstrated that cancer subtypes and ancestry-related technical artifacts are important confounders that have been insufficiently accounted for. Once accounted for, ancestry-associated differences spanned all molecular features and hundreds of genes. Biologically significant differences were usually tissue specific but not specific to cancer. However, admixture and pathway analyses suggested some of these differences are causally related to cancer. Specific findings included increased FBXW7 mutations in patients of African origin, decreased VHL and PBRM1 mutations in renal cancer patients of African origin, and decreased immune activity in bladder cancer patients of East Asian origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Carrot-Zhang
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey S Damrauer
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - A Gordon Robertson
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z4S6, Canada
| | - Christina Yau
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Wanding Zhou
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Ashton C Berger
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kuan-Lin Huang
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - R Jay Mashl
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alessandro Romanel
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Povo (Trento), Italy
| | - Rosalyn W Sayaman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Francesca Demichelis
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Povo (Trento), Italy
| | - Ina Felau
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Seunghun Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine A Hoadley
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Anab Kemal
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter W Laird
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Departments of Pathology, Genomic Medicine, and Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiuning Le
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ninad Oak
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Christopher K Wong
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | | | - Elad Ziv
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Andrew D Cherniack
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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