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Molinari S, Leonetti P. Inhibition of ROS-Scavenging Enzyme System Is a Key Event in Tomato Genetic Resistance against Root-Knot Nematodes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087324. [PMID: 37108485 PMCID: PMC10138560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic resistance in plants against incompatible pests is expressed by the activation of an immune system; however, the molecular mechanisms of pest recognition and expression of immunity, although long the object of investigation, are far from being fully understood. The immune response triggered by the infection of soil-borne parasites, such as root-knot nematodes (RKNs), to incompatible resistant tomato plants was studied and compared to the compatible response that occurred when RKNs attacked susceptible plants. In compatible interactions, the invading nematode juveniles were allowed to fully develop and reproduce, whilst that was impeded in incompatible interactions. In crude root extracts, a first assay of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymatic activity was carried out at the earliest stages of tomato-RKN incompatible interaction. Membrane-bound and soluble CAT, which is the most active enzyme in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging, was found to be specifically inhibited in roots of inoculated resistant plants until 5 days after inoculation, with respect to uninoculated plants. The expression of genes encoding for antioxidant enzymes, such as CAT and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), was not always inhibited in roots of nematode-infected resistant tomato. Therefore, the biochemical mechanisms of CAT inhibition were further investigated. Two CAT isozymes were characterized by size exclusion HPLC as a tetrameric form with a molecular weight of 220,000 dalton and its subunits (55,000 dalton). Fractions containing such isozymes were tested by their sensitivity to both salicylic acid (SA) and H2O2. It was evidenced that elevated concentrations of both chemicals led to a partial inactivation of CAT. Elevated concentrations of H2O2 in incompatible interactions have been suggested to be produced by membrane-bound superoxide anion generating, SOD, and isoperoxidase-enhanced activities. Such partial inactivation of CAT has been depicted as one of the earliest key metabolic events, which is specifically associated with tomato immunity to RKNs. Enhanced ROS production and the inhibition of ROS-scavenging systems have been considered to trigger all the metabolic events leading to cell death and tissue necrosis developed around the head of the invading juveniles by which this special type of plant resistance is exerted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Molinari
- Bari Unit, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection IPSP, Department of Biology, Agricultural and Food Sciences, CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Leonetti
- Bari Unit, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection IPSP, Department of Biology, Agricultural and Food Sciences, CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Alsharif NB, Bere K, Sáringer S, Samu GF, Takács D, Hornok V, Szilagyi I. Design of hybrid biocatalysts by controlled heteroaggregation of manganese oxide and sulfate latex particles to combat reactive oxygen species. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:4929-4940. [PMID: 34105573 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00505g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of an antioxidant hybrid material by controlled heteroaggregation of manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO2 NPs) and sulfate-functionalized polystyrene latex (SL) beads was accomplished. Negatively charged MnO2 NPs were prepared by precipitation and initially functionalized with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) polyelectrolyte to induce charge reversal allowing decoration of oppositely charged SL surfaces via simple mixing. The PDADMAC-functionalized MnO2 NPs (PMn) aggregated with the SL particles leading to the formation of negatively charged, neutral and positively charged (SPMn) composites. The charge neutralization resulted in rapidly aggregating dispersions, while stable samples were observed once the composites possessed sufficiently high negative and positive charge, below and above the charge neutralization point, respectively. The antioxidant assays revealed that SL served as a suitable substrate and that the PDADMAC functionalization and immobilization of MnO2 NPs did not compromise their catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities, which were also maintained within a wide temperature range. The obtained SPMn composite is expected to be an excellent candidate as an antioxidant material for the efficient scavenging of reactive oxygen species at both laboratory and larger scales, even under harsh conditions, where natural antioxidants do not function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizar B Alsharif
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Biocolloids Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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Gamba M, Raguindin PF, Asllanaj E, Merlo F, Glisic M, Minder B, Bussler W, Metzger B, Kern H, Muka T. Bioactive compounds and nutritional composition of Swiss chard ( Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla and flavescens): a systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3465-3480. [PMID: 32746613 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1799326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla or flavescens) is a green leafy vegetable whose bioactive compounds have been studied due to its effects on health. We systematically reviewed the nutritional profile and bioactive composition of Swiss chard and reported their concentrations. Four main databases were searched for studies analyzing the chemical composition of Swiss chard. Screening, selection of articles, and data extraction were carried out by two independent reviewers. Twenty-eight articles of 1102 records identified by bibliographic search met our inclusion criteria for final analysis. We found a total of 192 chemical compounds categorized into 23 groups. The cicla variety was the most studied, and nutrients and phytochemicals were reported mainly on leaves. Betalains with 20% of the reported data, fats (16%), flavonoids (11%), non-flavonoid phenolics (11%), terpenes and derivatives (8%), carbohydrates (7%), and minerals (6%) were among the most reported categories. Swiss chard leaves have the highest content of fiber, sodium, magnesium, flavonoids, and vitamin C, while stems are high in potassium. Swiss chard should be considered a source of nutrients and phytochemicals, and further research is needed on identifying and quantifying other bioactive compounds and understanding their impact on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Gamba
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Francis Raguindin
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Eralda Asllanaj
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Francesco Merlo
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marija Glisic
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Minder
- Public Health & Primary Care Library, University Library of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Weston Bussler
- Nutrition Innovation Center, Standard Process Inc, Palmyra, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brandon Metzger
- Nutrition Innovation Center, Standard Process Inc, Palmyra, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Hua Kern
- Nutrition Innovation Center, Standard Process Inc, Palmyra, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Taulant Muka
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Corpas FJ, González-Gordo S, Palma JM. Plant Peroxisomes: A Factory of Reactive Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:853. [PMID: 32719691 PMCID: PMC7348659 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant peroxisomes are organelles enclosed by a single membrane whose biochemical composition has the capacity to adapt depending on the plant tissue, developmental stage, as well as internal and external cellular stimuli. Apart from the peroxisomal metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS), discovered several decades ago, new molecules with signaling potential, including nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), have been detected in these organelles in recent years. These molecules generate a family of derived molecules, called reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive sulfur species (RSS), whose peroxisomal metabolism is autoregulated through posttranslational modifications (PTMs) such as S-nitrosation, nitration and persulfidation. The peroxisomal metabolism of these reactive species, which can be weaponized against pathogens, is susceptible to modification in response to external stimuli. This review aims to provide up-to-date information on crosstalk between these reactive species families and peroxisomes, as well as on their cellular environment in light of the well-recognized signaling properties of H2O2, NO and H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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Palma JM, Mateos RM, López-Jaramillo J, Rodríguez-Ruiz M, González-Gordo S, Lechuga-Sancho AM, Corpas FJ. Plant catalases as NO and H 2S targets. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101525. [PMID: 32505768 PMCID: PMC7276441 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalase is a powerful antioxidant metalloenzyme located in peroxisomes which also plays a central role in signaling processes under physiological and adverse situations. Whereas animals contain a single catalase gene, in plants this enzyme is encoded by a multigene family providing multiple isoenzymes whose number varies depending on the species, and their expression is regulated according to their tissue/organ distribution and the environmental conditions. This enzyme can be modulated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) as well as by hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Catalase is the major protein undergoing Tyr-nitration [post-translational modification (PTM) promoted by RNS] during fruit ripening, but the enzyme from diverse sources is also susceptible to undergo other activity-modifying PTMs. Data on S-nitrosation and persulfidation of catalase from different plant origins are given and compared here with results from obese children where S-nitrosation of catalase occurs. The cysteine residues prone to be S-nitrosated in catalase from plants and from bovine liver have been identified. These evidences assign to peroxisomes a crucial statement in the signaling crossroads among relevant molecules (NO and H2S), since catalase is allocated in these organelles. This review depicts a scenario where the regulation of catalase through PTMs, especially S-nitrosation and persulfidation, is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Palma
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Dept. Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Mateos
- Imflammation, Nutrition, Metabolism and Oxidative Stress Study Group (INMOX), Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain; Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Marta Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Desenvolvimiento Vegetal; Instituto de Biociências-Universidad de São Paulo; Cidade Universitária-São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Salvador González-Gordo
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Dept. Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Alfonso M Lechuga-Sancho
- Imflammation, Nutrition, Metabolism and Oxidative Stress Study Group (INMOX), Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain; Department of Child and Mother Health and Radiology, Medical School, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Dept. Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
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Rodríguez-Ruiz M, González-Gordo S, Cañas A, Campos MJ, Paradela A, Corpas FJ, Palma JM. Sweet Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) Fruits Contain an Atypical Peroxisomal Catalase That is Modulated by Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E374. [PMID: 31487955 PMCID: PMC6769641 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the ripening of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruits, in a genetically controlled scenario, enormous metabolic changes occur that affect the physiology of most cell compartments. Peroxisomal catalase gene expression decreases after pepper fruit ripening, while the enzyme is also susceptible to undergo post-translational modifications (nitration, S-nitrosation, and oxidation) promoted by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Unlike most plant catalases, the pepper fruit enzyme acts as a homodimer, with an atypical native molecular mass of 125 to 135 kDa and an isoelectric point of 7.4, which is higher than that of most plant catalases. These data suggest that ROS/RNS could be essential to modulate the role of catalase in maintaining basic cellular peroxisomal functions during pepper fruit ripening when nitro-oxidative stress occurs. Using catalase from bovine liver as a model and biotin-switch labeling, in-gel trypsin digestion, and nanoliquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, it was found that Cys377 from the bovine enzyme could potentially undergo S-nitrosation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a cysteine residue from catalase that can be post-translationally modified by S-nitrosation, which makes it especially important to find the target points where the enzyme can be modulated under either physiological or adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Group Antioxidant, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain.
| | - Salvador González-Gordo
- Group Antioxidant, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain.
| | - Amanda Cañas
- Group Antioxidant, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain.
| | - María Jesús Campos
- Group Antioxidant, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain.
| | - Alberto Paradela
- Proteomics Core Facility, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Group Antioxidant, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain.
| | - José M Palma
- Group Antioxidant, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain.
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Purification of camel liver catalase by zinc chelate affinity chromatography and pH gradient elution: An enzyme with interesting properties. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1070:104-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Mattila H, Khorobrykh S, Havurinne V, Tyystjärvi E. Reactive oxygen species: Reactions and detection from photosynthetic tissues. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 152:176-214. [PMID: 26498710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have long been recognized as compounds with dual roles. They cause cellular damage by reacting with biomolecules but they also function as agents of cellular signaling. Several different oxygen-containing compounds are classified as ROS because they react, at least with certain partners, more rapidly than ground-state molecular oxygen or because they are known to have biological effects. The present review describes the typical reactions of the most important ROS. The reactions are the basis for both the detection methods and for prediction of reactions between ROS and biomolecules. Chemical and physical methods used for detection, visualization and quantification of ROS from plants, algae and cyanobacteria will be reviewed. The main focus will be on photosynthetic tissues, and limitations of the methods will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heta Mattila
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Sergey Khorobrykh
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Havurinne
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Esa Tyystjärvi
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
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Koyachi E, Kojima K, Qiu X, Satake T, Suzuki H. Electrochemical microdevice for on-site determination of ricefreshness. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 42:640-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Gayatridevi S, Jayalakshmi SK, Sreeramulu K. Salicylic acid is a modulator of catalase isozymes in chickpea plants infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 52:154-161. [PMID: 22245913 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between salicylic acid level catalases isoforms chickpea cv. ICCV-10 infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri was investigated. Pathogen-treated chickpea plants showed high levels of SA compared with the control. Two isoforms of catalases in shoot extract (CAT-IS and CAT-IIS) and single isoform in root extract (CAT-R) were detected in chickpea. CAT-IS and CAT-R activities were inhibited in respective extracts treated with pathogen whereas, CAT-IIS activity was not inhibited. These isoforms were purified and their kinetic properties studied in the presence or absence of SA. The molecular mass determined by SDS-PAGE of CAT-IS, CAT-IIS and CAT-R was found to be 97, 40 and 66 kDa respectively. Kinetic studies indicated that Km and V(max) of CAT-IS were 0.2 mM and 300 U/mg, 0.53 mM and 180 U/mg for CAT-IIS and 0.25 mM and 280 U/mg for CAT-R, respectively. CAT-IS and CAT-R were found to be more sensitive to SA and 50% of their activities were inhibited at 6 and 4 μM respectively, whereas CAT-IIS was insensitive to SA up to 100 μM. Quenching of the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of purified catalases were used to quantitate SA binding; the estimated K(d) value for CAT-IS, CAT-IIS and CAT-R found to be 2.3 μM, 3.1 mM and 2.8 μM respectively. SA is a modulator of catalase isozymes activity, supports its role in establishment of SAR in chickpea plants infected with the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gayatridevi
- Department of Biochemistry, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga 585106, Karnataka, India
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Tayefi-Nas H. Some Biochemical Properties of Catalase from Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea gongylodes). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2008.649.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Tejera García NA, Iribarne C, Palma F, Lluch C. Inhibition of the catalase activity from Phaseolus vulgaris and Medicago sativa by sodium chloride. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2007; 45:535-41. [PMID: 17583521 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2006] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Changes in catalase activity during the development of the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis as well as its response in salinized plants of Phaseolus vulgaris and Medicago sativa, was studied. Besides, it was examined the behavior of the enzyme, isolated from leaves and root nodules, during in vitro incubation with NaCl doses. Nodule catalase activities of both legumes were assayed with several enzyme inhibitors and also purified. Leaf catalase activity of Phaseolus vulgaris and Medicago sativa decreased and increased respectively throughout the ontogeny, but root nodule catalase kept a high and stable value. This last result suggests that both legumes require the maintenance of high nodule catalase in nitrogen-fixing nodules. Under salt stress conditions leaf and nodule catalase activity decreased in both, grain and pasture legumes. Because catalase from leaf of Medicago sativa and nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris were relatively sensitive to NaCl during in vitro experiments, the detoxifying role of this enzyme for H(2)O(2) should be limited in such conditions. Both catalases, from determinate and indeterminate nodules, were affected neither by oxygen nor superoxide radicals but showed a strong (Phaseolus vulgaris) or partial (Medicago sativa) inhibition with dithiothreitol, dithionite and beta-mercaptoethanol. Besides, cyanide was the most potent inhibitor of nodule catalases. Finally, catalases partially purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography migrated at 42 (Phaseolus vulgaris) and 46kDa (Medicago sativa) on SDS-PAGE, whereas native forms on sephacryl S-300 columns exhibited a molecular mass of 59 and 48kDa (Phaseolus vulgaris) and 88 and 53kDa (Medicago sativa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel A Tejera García
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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