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Zolghadri S, Beygi M, Mohammad TF, Alijanianzadeh M, Pillaiyar T, Garcia-Molina P, Garcia-Canovas F, Luis Munoz-Munoz J, Akbar Saboury A. Targeting Tyrosinase in Hyperpigmentation: Current Status, Limitations and Future Promises. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115574. [PMID: 37127249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpigmentation is a common and distressing dermatologic condition. Since tyrosinase (TYR) plays an essential role in melanogenesis, its inhibition is considered a logical approach along with other therapeutic methods to prevent the accumulation of melanin in the skin. Thus, TYR inhibitors are a tempting target as the medicinal and cosmetic active agents of hyperpigmentation disorder. Among TYR inhibitors, hydroquinone is a traditional lightening agent that is commonly used in clinical practice. However, despite good efficacy, prolonged use of hydroquinone is associated with side effects. To overcome these shortcomings, new approaches in targeting TYR and treating hyperpigmentation are desperately requiredessentialneeded. In line with this purpose, several non-hydroquinone lightening agents have been developed and suggested as hydroquinone alternatives. In addition to traditional approaches, nanomedicine and nanotheranostic platforms have been recently proposed in the treatment of hyperpigmentation. In this review, we discuss the available strategies for the management of hyperpigmentation with a focus on TYR inhibition. In addition, alternative treatment options to hydroquinone are discussed. Finally, we present nano-based strategies to improve the therapeutic effect of drugs prescribed to patients with skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Zolghadri
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Beygi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Alijanianzadeh
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tuebingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pablo Garcia-Molina
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Garcia-Canovas
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Munoz-Munoz
- Microbial Enzymology Lab, Department of Applied Sciences, Ellison Building A, University of Northumbria, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Zolghadri S, Bahrami A, Hassan Khan MT, Munoz-Munoz J, Garcia-Molina F, Garcia-Canovas F, Saboury AA. A comprehensive review on tyrosinase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:279-309. [PMID: 30734608 PMCID: PMC6327992 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1545767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a multi-copper enzyme which is widely distributed in different organisms and plays an important role in the melanogenesis and enzymatic browning. Therefore, its inhibitors can be attractive in cosmetics and medicinal industries as depigmentation agents and also in food and agriculture industries as antibrowning compounds. For this purpose, many natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic inhibitors have been developed by different screening methods to date. This review has focused on the tyrosinase inhibitors discovered from all sources and biochemically characterised in the last four decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Zolghadri
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Asieh Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | | | - J. Munoz-Munoz
- Group of Microbiology, Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University at Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - F. Garcia-Molina
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - F. Garcia-Canovas
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Jamali Z, Rezaei Behbehani G, Zare K, Gheibi N. Effect of chrysin omega-3 and 6 fatty acid esters on mushroom tyrosinase activity, stability, and structure. J Food Biochem 2018; 43:e12728. [PMID: 31353554 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The estreification of chrysin with α-Linolenic acid (complex I) and linoleic acid (complex II) poly unsaturated fatty acids resulted to design of new mushroom tyrosinase (MT) inhibitors. Thermodynamic parameters of enzymes, including the melting point (Tm ) and ∆G values, were obtained from thermal and chemical denaturation curves. Complexes I and II showed a competitive inhibitory effect on MT with Ki values of 0.45 and 0.29 mM, respectively. The Tm values were calculated as 328.6, 322.4, and 318 K and the ∆G values as 62.8, 52.9, and 47.1 KJ mol-1 for the enzyme alone and its interaction with complexes I and II, respectively. Intrinsic and extrinsic fluorescence techniques showed structural instability of the enzyme in concomitance with a decrease in the regular secondary structure acquired using CD spectrometry. This data clearly prove that the new derivatives show a stronger inhibitory effect than the separate compounds. Molecular docking analysis showed that the best possible interaction condition was achieved for chrysin with n-6. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: MT is a suitable model in medicine for the investigation of melanogenesis, skin disorders, and hyperpigmentation because of its accessibility and close structural similarity to mammalian tyrosinase. In recent years, the designing of tyrosinase inhibitors from natural substances for prevention of hyperpigmentation in medicine, skin cosmetics, and undesired browning in agriculture and food industry has risen sharply. Many of the pharmaceutical products based on the use of flavonoids and poly unsaturated acids as natural compounds or on their semi-synthetic derivatives have been interested for investigations because of their usefulness in many pathological conditions such as inflammation, cancer, and skin disorders. The limitation of the flavonoids applications are low bioavailability, permeability, and solubility for the cells. In this study, conjugation of chrysin with n-3 and n-6 fatty acids resulted in a stronger inhibitors of MT with a synergic inhibitory effect on its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Jamali
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Karim Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nematollah Gheibi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Cheng M, Chen Z. Screening of tyrosinase inhibitors by capillary electrophoresis with immobilized enzyme microreactor and molecular docking. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:486-493. [PMID: 27862041 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A new method for screening tyrosinase inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) was successfully developed by capillary electrophoresis with reliable online immobilized enzyme microreactor (IMER). In addition, molecular docking study has been used for supporting inhibition interaction between enzyme and inhibitors. The IMER of tyrosinase was constructed at the outlet of the capillary by using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker. The parameters including enzyme reaction, separation of the substrate and product, and the performance of immobilized tyrosinase were investigated systematically. Because of using short-end injection procedure, the product and substrate were effectively separated within 2 min. The immobilized tyrosinase could remain 80% active for 30 days at 4°C. The Michaelis-Menten constant of tyrosinase was determined as 1.78 mM. Kojic acid, a known tyrosinase inhibitor, was used as a model compound for the validation of the inhibitors screening method. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of kojic acid was 5.55 μM. The method was successfully applied for screening tyrosinase inhibitors from 15 compounds of TCM. Four compounds including quercetin, kaempferol, bavachinin, and bakuchiol were found having inhibitory potentials. The results obtained in this work were supported by molecular docking study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, P. R., China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R., China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, P. R., China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R., China
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Hassani S, Haghbeen K, Fazli M. Non-specific binding sites help to explain mixed inhibition in mushroom tyrosinase activities. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 122:138-148. [PMID: 27344491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition and activation studies of tyrosinase could prove beneficial to agricultural, food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Although non-competitive and mixed-inhibition are frequent modes observed in kinetics studies on mushroom tyrosinase (MT) activities, the phenomena are left unexplained. In this study, dual effects of phthalic acid (PA) and cinnamic acid (CA) on MT during mono-phenolase activity were demonstrated. PA activated and inhibited MT at concentrations lower and higher than 150 μM, respectively. In contrast, CA inhibited and activated MT at concentrations lower and higher than 5 μM. The mode of inhibition for both effectors was mixed-type. Complex kinetics of MT in the presence of a modulator could partly be ascribed to its mixed-cooperativity. However, to explain mixed-inhibition mode, it is necessary to demonstrate how the ternary complex of substrate/enzyme/effector is formed. Therefore, we looked for possible non-specific binding sites using MT tropolone-bound PDB (2Y9X) in the computational studies. When tropolone was in MTPa (active site), PA and CA occupied different pockets (named MTPb and MTPc, respectively). The close Moldock scores of PA binding posed in MTPb and MTPa suggested that MTPb could be a secondary binding site for PA. Similar results were obtained for CA. Ensuing results from 10 ns molecular dynamics simulations for 2Y9X-effector complexes indicated that the structures were gradually stabilized during simulation. Tunnel analysis by using CAVER Analyst and CHEXVIS resulted in identifying two distinct channels that assumingly participate in exchanging the effectors when the direct channel to MTPa is not accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorour Hassani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- Department of Plant Bioproducts, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Fazli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
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Gheibi N, Hosseini Zavareh S, Rezaei Behbahani GR, Haghbeen K, Sirati-sabet M, Ilghari D, Goodarzvand Chegini K. Comprehensive kinetic and structural studies of different flavonoids inhibiting diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683816030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Kurbanoglu S, Mayorga-Martinez CC, Medina-Sánchez M, Rivas L, Ozkan SA, Merkoçi A. Antithyroid drug detection using an enzyme cascade blocking in a nanoparticle‐based lab‐on‐a‐chip system. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 67:670-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Saboury AA, Alijanianzadeh M. Ethyl Xanthate and Propyl Xanthate as Activators and Inhibitors of Mushroom Tyrosinase in Different Concentrations. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200800139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Genç H, Zengin M, Yavuz E, Gençer N, Arslan O. Synthesis and tyrosinase inhibitory properties of novel isoquinoline urea/thiourea derivatives. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 42:178-85. [DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2013.785953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Bazl R, Ganjali MR, Derakhshankhah H, Saboury AA, Amanlou M, Norouzi P. Prediction of tyrosinase inhibition for drug design using the genetic algorithm–multiple linear regressions. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Nixha AR, Arslan M, Atalay Y, Gençer N, Ergün A, Arslan O. Synthesis and theoretical calculations of carbazole substituted chalcone urea derivatives and studies their polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:808-15. [PMID: 22803668 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.688040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of carbazole substituted chalcone urea derivatives and their polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity effects on the diphenolase activity of banana tyrosinase were evaluated. Tyrosinase has been purified from banana on an affinity gel comprised of Sepharose 4B-L-tyrosine-p-aminobenzoic acid. The results showed that most of the compounds (3,4,5a,5d-h) inhibited and some of them (5c,5i-l) activated the tyrosinase enzyme activity. The molecular calculations were performed using Gaussian software for the synthesized compounds to explain the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arleta Rifati Nixha
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematical & Natural Sciences, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Republic of Kosova
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Alijanianzadeh M, Saboury AA, Ganjali MR, Hadi-Alijanvand H, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase by a newly synthesized ligand: inhibition kinetics and computational simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2012; 30:448-59. [PMID: 22686596 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2012.682210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the synthesis of melanin contribute to a number of diseases; therefore, the design of new tyrosinase inhibitors is very important. Mushroom tyrosinase (MT) is a metalloenzyme, which plays an important role in melanin biosynthesis. In this study, the inhibitory effect of a novel designed compound, i.e. 2-((1Z)-(2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazin-1-ylidene)methyl)phenol, as a specific ligand which can bind to the copper ion of MT, has been assessed. The ligand was found to competitively inhibit both the cresolase and catecholase activities of MT, with small inhibition constants of 2.8 and 2.6 μM, respectively. Intrinsic fluorescence studies were performed to gain more information on the binding constants. Docking results indicated that the ligand binds to copper ions in the active site of MT via the OH group of the ligand. The ligand makes four hydrogen bonds with aspartic acid and one hydrogen bond with the histidine residue in the active site. Molecular dynamics results show that ligand binds to the MT via both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with its different parts.
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Rezaei Behbehani G, Mirzaie M, Mehreshtiag M, Barzegar L, Saboury AA, Mohammadi Gorgi S. Inhibitory Effects of p-Phenylene-bis and Phenyl Dithiocarbamate on Mushroom Tyrosinase. J SOLUTION CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-012-9821-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Hu WJ, Yan L, Park D, Jeong HO, Chung HY, Yang JM, Ye ZM, Qian GY. Kinetic, structural and molecular docking studies on the inhibition of tyrosinase induced by arabinose. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 50:694-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Si YX, Yin SJ, Oh S, Wang ZJ, Ye S, Yan L, Yang JM, Park YD, Lee J, Qian GY. An Integrated Study of Tyrosinase Inhibition by Rutin: Progress using a Computational Simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2012; 29:999-1012. [DOI: 10.1080/073911012010525028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Alijanianzadeh M, Saboury AA, Ganjali MR, Hadi-Alijanvand H, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. The inhibitory effect of ethylenediamine on mushroom tyrosinase. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 50:573-7. [PMID: 22313842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of ethylenediamine on both activities of mushroom tyrosinase (MT) at 20 °C in a 10 mM phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8), was studied. L-DOPA and L-tyrosine were used as substrates of catecholase and cresolase activities, respectively. The results showed that ethylenediamine competitively inhibits both activities of the enzyme with inhibition constants (K(i)) of 0.18±0.05 and 0.14±0.01 μM for catecholase and cresolase respectively, which are lower than the reported values for other MT inhibitors. For further insight a docking study between tyrosinase and ethylenediamine was performed. The docking simulation showed that ethylenediamine binds in the active site of the enzyme near the Cu atoms and makes 3 hydrogen bonds with two histidine residues of active site.
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Yin SJ, Si YX, Wang ZJ, Wang SF, Oh S, Lee S, Sim SM, Yang JM, Qian GY, Lee J, Park YD. The Effect of Thiobarbituric Acid on Tyrosinase: Inhibition Kinetics and Computational Simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2011; 29:463-70. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2011.10507398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Gheibi N, Saboury A, Sarreshtehdari M. Non-Essential Activation of Co2+and Zn2+on Mushroom Tyrosinase: Kinetic and Structural Stability. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.5.1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Mixed-Type Inhibition of Tyrosinase from Agaricus bisporus by Terephthalic Acid: Computational Simulations and Kinetics. Protein J 2011; 30:273-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-011-9329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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20
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Ryazanova AD, Alekseev AA, Slepneva IA. The phenylthiourea is a competitive inhibitor of the enzymatic oxidation of DOPA by phenoloxidase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 27:78-83. [PMID: 21534859 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.576010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenoloxidase is a key enzyme of melanization catalyzing the oxidation of phenols. Phenylthiourea (PTU) is the well-known and widely used inhibitor of phenoloxidase. However, the mechanism of its action is not quite clear. In the present work, the effect of PTU on the enzymatic oxidation of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-l-alanine (DOPA) by phenoloxidase was studied by spectrophotometric methods. The inhibition constant of PTU was estimated as 0.21 ± 0.09 µM and the competitive type of inhibition was determined for this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D Ryazanova
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Free Radicals, Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
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21
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Si YX, Yin SJ, Park D, Chung HY, Yan L, Lü ZR, Zhou HM, Yang JM, Qian GY, Park YD. Tyrosinase inhibition by isophthalic acid: Kinetics and computational simulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 48:700-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Khan SB, Hassan Khan MT, Jang ES, Akhtar K, Seo J, Han H. Tyrosinase inhibitory effect of benzoic acid derivatives and their structure-activity relationships. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 25:812-7. [PMID: 20476840 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2010.482529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of benzoic acid derivatives 1-10 have been synthesised by two different methods. Compounds 1-6 were synthesised by a facile procedure for esterification using N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as a coupling agent, methylene chloride as a solvent system and dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). While 7-10 were synthesised by converting benzoic acid into benzoyl chloride by treating with thionyl chloride in the presence of benzene and performing a further reaction with amine in dried benzene. The structures of all the synthesised derivatives of benzoic acid (1-10) were assigned on the basis of extensive NMR studies. All of them showed inhibitory potential against tyrosinase. Among them, compound 7 was found to be the most potent (1.09 μM) when compared with the standard tyrosinase inhibitors of kojic acid (16.67 μM) and L-mimosine (3.68 μM). Finally in this paper, we have discussed the structure-activity relationships of the synthesised molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sher Bahadar Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 262 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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HAGHBEEN KAMAHLDIN, KHALILI MASOUMEHBABAEI, NEMATPOUR FATMEHSAEID, GHEIBI NEMATOLAH, FAZLI MOSTAFA, ALIJANIANZADEH MEHDI, JAHROMI SAMANEHZOLGHADRI, SARIRI REYHANEH. SURVEYING ALLOSTERIC COOPERATIVITY AND COOPERATIVE INHIBITION IN MUSHROOM TYROSINASE. J Food Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2009.00280.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Amin E, Saboury AA, Mansuri-Torshizi H, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Potent inhibitory effects of benzyl and p-xylidine-bis dithiocarbamate sodium salts on activities of mushroom tyrosinase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/14756360903179351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. Amin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. A. Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Gheibi N, Saboury A, Haghbeen K, Rajaei F, Pahlevan A. Dual effects of aliphatic carboxylic acids on cresolase and catecholase reactions of mushroom tyrosinase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2009; 24:1076-81. [DOI: 10.1080/14756360802632658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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26
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Saboury AA, Zolghadri S, Haghbeen K, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. The inhibitory effect of benzenethiol on the cresolase and catecholase activities of mushroom tyrosinase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 21:711-7. [PMID: 17252944 DOI: 10.1080/14756360600810787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of benzenethiol on the cresolase and catecholase activities of mushroom tyrosinase (MT) have been investigated at two temperatures of 20 and 30 degrees C in 10 mM phosphate buffer solution, pHs 5.3 and 6.8. The results show that benzenethiol can inhibit both activities of mushroom tyrosinase competitively. The inhibitory effect of benzenethiol on the cresolase activity is more than the catecholase activity of MT. The inhibition constant (K(i)) value at pH 5.3 is smaller than that at pH 6.8 for both enzyme activities. However, the K(i) value increases in cresolase activity and decreases in catecholase activity due to the increase of temperature from 20 to 30 degrees C at both pHs. Moreover, the effect of temperature on K(i) value is more at pH 6.8 for both cresolase and catecholase activities. The type of binding process is different in the two types of MT activities. The binding process for catecholase inhibition is only entropy driven, which means that the predominant interaction in the active site of the enzyme is hydrophobic, meanwhile the electrostatic interaction can be important for cresolase inhibition due to the enthalpy driven binding process. Fluorescence and circular studies also show a minor change in the tertiary structure, without any change in the secondary structure, of the enzyme due to the electrostatic interaction in cresolase inhibition by benzenethiol at acidic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Alijanianzadeh M, Saboury AA, Mansuri-Torshizi H, Haghbeen K, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. The inhibitory effect of some new synthesized xanthates on mushroom tyrosinase activities. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 22:239-46. [PMID: 17518352 DOI: 10.1080/14756360601114536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Three iso-alkyldithiocarbonates (xanthates), as sodium salts, C3H7OCS2Na (I), C4H9OCS2Na (II) and C5H11OCS2Na (III), were synthesized, by the reaction between CS2 with the corresponding iso-alcohol in the presence of NaOH, and examined for inhibition of both cresolase and catecholase activities of mushroom tyrosinase (MT) from a commercial source of Agricus bisporus. 4-[(4-methylbenzo)azo]-1,2-benzendiol (MeBACat) and 4-[(4-methylphenyl)azo]-phenol (MePAPh) were used as synthetic substrates for the enzyme for the catecholase and cresolase reactions, respectively. Lineweaver-Burk plots showed different patterns of mixed and competitive inhibition for the three xanthates and also for cresolase and catecholase activities of MT. For cresolase activity, I and II showed a mixed inhibition pattern but III showed a competitive inhibition pattern. For catecholase activity, I showed mixed inhibition but II and III showed competitive inhibition. These new synthesized compounds are potent inhibitors of MT with K(i) values of 9.8, 7.2 and 6.1 microM for cresolase inhibitory activity, and also 12.9, 21.8 and 42.2 microM for catecholase inhibitory activity for I, II and III, respectively. They showed a greater inhibitory potency towards the cresolase activity of MT. Both substrate and inhibitor can be bound to the enzyme with negative cooperativity between the binding sites (alpha > 1) and this negative cooperativity increases with increasing length of the aliphatic tail in these compounds in both cresolase and catecholase activities. The cresolase inhibition is related to the chelating of the copper ions at the active site by a negative head group (S-) of the anion xanthate, which leads to similar values of K(i) for all three xanthates. Different K(i) values for catecholase inhibition are related to different interactions of the aliphatic chains of I, II and III with hydrophobic pockets in the active site of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alijanianzadeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Temperature Dependence of Activation and Inhibition of Mushroom Tyrosinase by Ethyl Xanthate. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2007. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2007.28.5.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gheibi N, Saboury AA, Haghbeen K, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. The effect of some osmolytes on the activity and stability of mushroom tyrosinase. J Biosci 2006; 31:355-62. [PMID: 17006018 DOI: 10.1007/bf02704108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The thermodynamical stability and remained activity of mushroom tyrosinase (MT) from Agaricus bisporus in 10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.8, stored at two temperatures of 4 and 40 degrees C were investigated in the presence of three different amino acids (His, Phe and Asp) and also trehalose as osmolytes, for comparing with the results obtained in the absence of any additive. Kinetics of inactivation obey the first order law. Inactivation rate constant (kinact) value is the best parameter describing effect of osmolytes on kinetic stability of the enzyme. Trehalose and His have the smallest value of kinact (0.7x10(-4) s-1) in comparison with their absence (2.5x10(-4) s-1). Moreover, to obtain effect of these four osmolytes on thermodynamical stability of the enzyme, protein denaturation by dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and thermal scanning was investigated. Sigmoidal denaturation curves were analysed according to the two states model of Pace theory to find the Gibbs free energy change of denaturation process in aqueous solution at room temperature, as a very good thermodynamic criterion indicating stability of the protein. Although His, Phe and Asp induced constriction of MT tertiary structure, its secondary structure had not any change and the result was a chemical and thermal stabilization of MT. The enzyme shows a proper coincidence of thermodynamic and structural changes with the presence of trehalose. Thus, among the four osmolytes, trehalose is an exceptional protein stabilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gheibi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Substrate Construes the Copper and Nickel Ions Impacts on the Mushroom Tyrosinase Activities. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2006. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2006.27.5.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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