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Vartak A, Goins C, de Moura VCN, Schreidah CM, Landgraf AD, Lin B, Du J, Jackson M, Ronning DR, Sucheck SJ. Biochemical and microbiological evaluation of N-aryl urea derivatives against mycobacteria and mycobacterial hydrolases. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1197-1204. [PMID: 31741730 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00122k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A focused library of 24 N-aryl urea derivatives was prepared and evaluated against serine esterases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) Rv3802c and Mtb Ag85C. The members of the library were evaluated for both selectivity and mode of inhibition. Furan-based urea derivative 6c was found to be the most potent non-covalent inhibitor of Rv3802c with a K i value of 5.2 ± 0.7 μM. On the other hand, triazole-based ureas 10a and 10b selectively inhibited Ag85C irreversibly with a k inact/K i value of 2.3 ± 0.3 and 5.5 ± 0.4 × 10-3 μM-1 min-1, respectively. The library was also evaluated for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against two strains of Mtb, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Mycobacterium abscessus. Compounds 4a and 4c were active against Mtb H37Rv mc26206 with MIC values of 3.12 and 1.5 μM, respectively. Closely related 4e showed similar activity against Mtb H37Rv mc26206 but also possessed activity against Mtb H37Ra, Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium abscessus. Compounds 4a, 4c, and 4e all contained a common 1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-3-phenylurea motif. In summary, we identified a selective non-covalent inhibitor of Rv3802c and covalently irreversible inhibitors of Ag85C as well as the 1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-3-phenylurea motif which showed activity against a variety of mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Vartak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , USA . ;
| | - Christopher Goins
- Center for Therapeutic Discovery , Lerner Research Institute , Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , OH 44195 , USA
| | - Vinicius Calado Nogueira de Moura
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories , Department of Microbiology , Immunology and Pathology , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , USA
| | - Celine M Schreidah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , USA . ;
| | - Alexander D Landgraf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , USA . ;
| | - Boren Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , USA
| | - Jianyang Du
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , USA
| | - Mary Jackson
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories , Department of Microbiology , Immunology and Pathology , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , USA
| | - Donald R Ronning
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , USA . ;
| | - Steven J Sucheck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , USA . ;
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Da Silva CC, Martins RM, Lund RG, Pizzuti L, Pereira CMD. Recent Highlights on the Synthesis of Pyrazoles with Antimicrobial Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573407214666180730104941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms such as pyrazoles have a
long history and applicability in the field of medicinal chemistry. Many compounds containing pyrazole
moiety have been reported in the available literature for their prominent biological activities, including
antimicrobial activity against different microorganisms. Over the years, there has been a concern with
the many health problems associated with the dramatic increase of microbial infections and resistance to
standard drugs, so there is a need for the development of more effective antimicrobial agents. Pyrazoles
and their derivatives are promising candidates to bypass these problems with good safety profiles, and
there is a wide range of synthetic methodologies for their obtainment. This review aims to compact a
literature survey (2012-2017) very informative and helpful for researchers who wish to study or continue
the development of new, potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial compounds.
Methods:
This review encompasses reports on the synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of synthetic
pyrazoles from the year 2012 to 2017, which were extracted from bibliographic databases such as
PubMed, scielo, sciencedirect, scifinder, and scopus. The main keywords in our search were “pyrazole”
and “antimicrobial activity”, in which we made efforts to include synthetic and biological methodologies
that can be useful for laboratories of different levels of infrastructure. Moreover, inclusion/
exclusion criteria was applied to select quality reports which could demonstrate different tools of
antimicrobial evaluation, focusing on the advances made in the area, such as evaluation in silico and
exploration of the possible mechanism of action for active compounds.
Results:
Thirty-four papers were included in this work, which was displayed chronologically from the
year 2012 to 2017 in order to enhance the advances made in the area, with at least five reports from each
year. We found that the most commonly tested bacterial strains are Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia
coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and from the year 2016 onwards Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
The most common tested fungal strains are Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, and
Aspergillus niger. The majority of articles expressed the antimicrobial results as a zone of inhibition,
leading to the determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and a probable mechanism
of action for the most prominent compounds, considering cytotoxicity. Aromatic aldehydes and
ketones are key reactants to obtain important precursors for the synthesis of pyrazoles, such as chalcones,
together with alkyl or phenylhydrazines and thiosemicarbazide. A great variation in the reported
MICs was found as there is no standard maximum limit, but many compounds exhibited antimicrobial
activity comparable or better than standard drugs, from which 10 reports active compounds with MIC
lower than 5 μg mL-1.
Conclusion:
The findings of this work support the importance of pyrazole moiety in the structure of
antimicrobial compounds and the versatility of synthetic methodologies to obtain the target products.
Results clearly indicate that they are attractive target compounds for new antimicrobial drugs development.
We hope that this information will guide further studies on continuing the search for more effective,
highly active antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C. Da Silva
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosiane M. Martins
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael G. Lund
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pizzuti
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Claudio M.P. de Pereira
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Thanna S, Goins CM, Knudson SE, Slayden RA, Ronning DR, Sucheck SJ. Thermal and Photoinduced Copper-Promoted C-Se Bond Formation: Synthesis of 2-Alkyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones and Evaluation against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Org Chem 2017; 82:3844-3854. [PMID: 28273423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
2-Alkyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones, represented by ebselen (1a), are being studied intensively for a range of medicinal applications. We describe both a new thermal and photoinduced copper-mediated cross-coupling between potassium selenocyanate (KSeCN) and N-substituted ortho-halobenzamides to form 2-alkyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones containing a C-Se-N bond. The copper ligand (1,10-phenanthroline) facilitates C-Se bond formation during heating via a mechanism that likely involves atom transfer (AT), whereas, in the absence of ligand, photoinduced activation likely proceeds through a single electron transfer (SET) mechanism. A library of 15 2-alkyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones was prepared. One member of the library was azide-containing derivative 1j that was competent to undergo a strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition. The library was evaluated for inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth and Mtb Antigen 85C (Mtb Ag85C) activity. Compound 1f was most potent with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 μg/mL and an Mtb Ag85C apparent IC50 of 8.8 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Thanna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo , 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Christopher M Goins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo , 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Susan E Knudson
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Richard A Slayden
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Donald R Ronning
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo , 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Steven J Sucheck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo , 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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Thanna S, Sucheck SJ. Targeting the trehalose utilization pathways of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015; 7:69-85. [PMID: 26941930 PMCID: PMC4770839 DOI: 10.1039/c5md00376h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an epidemic disease and the growing burden of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB world wide underlines the need to discover new drugs to treat the disease. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the etiological agent of most cases of TB. Mtb is difficult to treat, in part, due to the presence of a sturdy hydrophobic barrier that prevents penetration of drugs through the cell wall. Mtb can also survive in a non-replicative state for long periods of time avoiding the action of common antibiotics. Trehalose is an essential metabolite in mycobacteria since it plays key roles in cell wall synthesis, transport of cell wall glycolipids, and energy storage. It is also known for its stress protective roles such as: protection from desiccation, freezing, starvation and osmotic stress in bacteria. In this review we discuss the drug discovery efforts against enzymes involved in the trehalose utilization pathways (TUPs) and their likelihood of becoming drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Thanna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS602, Toledo, OH, USA 43606
| | - Steven J. Sucheck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS602, Toledo, OH, USA 43606
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5
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Favrot L, Ronning DR. Targeting the mycobacterial envelope for tuberculosis drug development. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2012; 10:1023-36. [PMID: 23106277 PMCID: PMC3571691 DOI: 10.1586/eri.12.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The bacterium that causes tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, possesses a rather unique outer membrane composed largely of lipids that possess long-chain and branched fatty acids, called mycolic acids. These lipids form a permeability barrier that prevents entry of many environmental solutes, thereby making these bacteria acid-fast and able to survive extremely hostile surroundings. Antitubercular drugs must penetrate this layer to reach their target. This review highlights drug development efforts that have added to the slowly growing tuberculosis drug pipeline, identified new enzyme activities to target with drugs and increased the understanding of important biosynthetic pathways for mycobacterial outer membrane and cell wall core assembly. In addition, a portion of this review looks at discovery efforts aimed at weakening this barrier to decrease mycobacterial virulence, decrease fitness in the host or enhance the efficacy of the current drug repertoire by disrupting the permeability barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Favrot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Donald R Ronning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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6
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Scheich C, Szabadka Z, Vértessy B, Pütter V, Grolmusz V, Schade M. Discovery of novel MDR-Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibitor by new FRIGATE computational screen. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28428. [PMID: 22164290 PMCID: PMC3229595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With 1.6 million casualties annually and 2 billion people being infected, tuberculosis is still one of the most pressing healthcare challenges. Here we report on the new computational docking algorithm FRIGATE which unites continuous local optimization techniques (conjugate gradient method) with an inherently discrete computational approach in forcefield computation, resulting in equal or better scoring accuracies than several benchmark docking programs. By utilizing FRIGATE for a virtual screen of the ZINC library against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) enzyme antigen 85C, we identified novel small molecule inhibitors of multiple drug-resistant Mtb, which bind in vitro to the catalytic site of antigen 85C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoltán Szabadka
- Department of Computer Science, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary
- Uratim Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Vértessy
- Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Science, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Applied Biotechnology, University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Vince Grolmusz
- Department of Computer Science, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary
- Uratim Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail: (VG); (MS)
| | - Markus Schade
- Combinature Biopharm AG, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (VG); (MS)
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Scheich C, Puetter V, Schade M. Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors of MDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis by NMR Fragment Screening of Antigen 85C. J Med Chem 2010; 53:8362-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100993z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Markus Schade
- Combinature Biopharm AG, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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8
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Umesiri FE, Sanki AK, Boucau J, Ronning DR, Sucheck SJ. Recent advances toward the inhibition of mAG and LAM synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Med Res Rev 2010; 30:290-326. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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9
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Chopra I, Schofield C, Everett M, O'Neill A, Miller K, Wilcox M, Frère JM, Dawson M, Czaplewski L, Urleb U, Courvalin P. Treatment of health-care-associated infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria: a consensus statement. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2008; 8:133-9. [PMID: 18222164 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(08)70018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This consensus statement presents the conclusions of a group of academic and industrial experts who met in London in September, 2006, to consider the issues associated with the treatment of hospital infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. The group discussed the severe clinical problems arising from the emergence of antibiotic resistance in these bacteria and the lack of new antibacterial agents to challenge the threat. The discovery of new drugs active against hospital-acquired Gram-negative bacteria is essential to prevent a future medical and social catastrophe. An important strategy to promote drug discovery will be the development of focused cooperations between academic institutions and small pharmaceutical companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Chopra
- Antimicrobial Research Centre and Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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Frlan R, Gobec S, Kikelj D. Synthesis of ethyl 3-(hydroxyphenoxy)benzyl butylphosphonates as potential antigen 85C inhibitors. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Jha A, Mukherjee C, Rolle AJ, De Clercq E, Balzarini J, Stables JP. Cytostatic activity of novel 4′-aminochalcone-based imides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4545-50. [PMID: 17566734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.05.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2007] [Revised: 05/29/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of nine 1-(4-((E)-3-arylacryloyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-diones 3a-i (4'-aminochalcone-based maleimides) was synthesized as candidate cytotoxic agents. The efficacy of these potential cytotoxics were evaluated against three representative cell lines and more than half of the drug candidates proved to exhibit significant cytostatic activity in vitro. QSAR studies using statistical analyses on several physicochemical parameters and IC50 values resulted in a few very important correlations which will aid in later the amplification of the project. Representative test compounds were well tolerated by mice in in vivo survival and toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabh Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada B4P 2R6.
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Sekanka G, Baird M, innikin D, Grooten J. Mycolic acids for the control of tuberculosis. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2007. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.17.3.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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