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Jacoberger-Foissac C, Cousineau I, Bareche Y, Allard D, Chrobak P, Allard B, Pommey S, Messaoudi N, McNicoll Y, Soucy G, Koseoglu S, Masia R, Lake AC, Seo H, Eeles CB, Rohatgi N, Robson SC, Turcotte S, Haibe-Kains B, Stagg J. CD73 Inhibits cGAS-STING and Cooperates with CD39 to Promote Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:56-71. [PMID: 36409930 PMCID: PMC9812927 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 catalyze extracellular ATP to immunosuppressive adenosine, and as such, represent potential cancer targets. We investigated biological impacts of CD39 and CD73 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) by studying clinical samples and experimental mouse tumors. Stromal CD39 and tumoral CD73 expression significantly associated with worse survival in human PDAC samples and abolished the favorable prognostic impact associated with the presence of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. In mouse transplanted KPC tumors, both CD39 and CD73 on myeloid cells, as well as CD73 on tumor cells, promoted polarization of infiltrating myeloid cells towards an M2-like phenotype, which enhanced tumor growth. CD39 on tumor-specific CD8+ T cells and pancreatic stellate cells also suppressed IFNγ production by T cells. Although therapeutic inhibition of CD39 or CD73 alone significantly delayed tumor growth in vivo, targeting of both ectonucleotidases exhibited markedly superior antitumor activity. CD73 expression on human and mouse PDAC tumor cells also protected against DNA damage induced by gemcitabine and irradiation. Accordingly, large-scale pharmacogenomic analyses of human PDAC cell lines revealed significant associations between CD73 expression and gemcitabine chemoresistance. Strikingly, increased DNA damage in CD73-deficient tumor cells associated with activation of the cGAS-STING pathway. Moreover, cGAS expression in mouse KPC tumor cells was required for antitumor activity of the CD73 inhibitor AB680 in vivo. Our study, thus, illuminates molecular mechanisms whereby CD73 and CD39 seemingly cooperate to promote PDAC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Jacoberger-Foissac
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal., Cancer Axis, Centre de Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada., Institut du Cancer de Montréal
| | - Isabelle Cousineau
- Cancer Axis, Centre de Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada., Institut du Cancer de Montréal
| | - Yacine Bareche
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal., Cancer Axis, Centre de Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada., Institut du Cancer de Montréal
| | - David Allard
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal., Cancer Axis, Centre de Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada., Institut du Cancer de Montréal
| | - Pavel Chrobak
- Cancer Axis, Centre de Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada., Institut du Cancer de Montréal
| | - Bertrand Allard
- Cancer Axis, Centre de Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada., Institut du Cancer de Montréal
| | - Sandra Pommey
- Cancer Axis, Centre de Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada., Institut du Cancer de Montréal
| | - Nouredin Messaoudi
- Department of Surgery, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium., Department of Surgery, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Europe Hospitals, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yannic McNicoll
- Surgery Department, Hôpital Jean-Talon, CIUSSS NIM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Soucy
- Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Ricard Masia
- Surface Oncology, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Heewon Seo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher B. Eeles
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neha Rohatgi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon C. Robson
- Center for Inflammation Research, Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon Turcotte
- Cancer Axis, Centre de Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada., Institut du Cancer de Montréal., Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery & Liver Transplantation Service, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Stagg
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal., Cancer Axis, Centre de Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada., Institut du Cancer de Montréal.,Correspondence: 900 St-Denis Street, Montréal, QC, Canada, H2X 0A9; ; Tel: 514-890-8000 ex:25170
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Ochoa-Repáraz J, Kasper LH. The influence of gut-derived CD39 regulatory T cells in CNS demyelinating disease. Transl Res 2017; 179:126-38. [PMID: 27519147 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in trying to understand the importance of the gut microbiome in human diseases. The association between dysbiosis, an altered microbial composition, as related to human disease is being explored in the context of different autoimmune conditions, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent studies suggest that MS affects the composition of the gut microbiota by altering the relative abundances of specific bacteria and archaea species. Remarkably, some of the bacterial species shown reduced in the gut of MS patients are known to promote immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs). In MS, the function of a phenotype of Tregs that express CD39, an ectoenzyme involved in the catabolism of adenosine triphosphate as immunomodulatory cells, appears to be reduced. In this review, we discuss the involvement of the gut microbiota in the regulation of experimental models of central nervous system inflammatory demyelination and review the evidence that link the gut microbiome with MS. Further, we hypothesize that the gut microbiome is an essential organ for the control of tolerance in MS patients and a potential source for safer novel therapeutics.
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Cai XY, Ni XC, Yi Y, He HW, Wang JX, Fu YP, Sun J, Zhou J, Cheng YF, Jin JJ, Fan J, Qiu SJ. Overexpression of CD39 in hepatocellular carcinoma is an independent indicator of poor outcome after radical resection. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4989. [PMID: 27749555 PMCID: PMC5059057 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (ENTPD1/CD39) is the rate-limiting enzyme in a cascade leading to the generation of immunosuppressive adenosine and plays an important role in tumor progression. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of CD39 and CD39Foxp3 regulatory T cells (Tregs) and to determine their prognostic role in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after radical resection.Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and double IHC were used to analyze CD39 expression or the expression of CD39 and Foxp3 in a cohort of 324 HCC patients who underwent curative resection. The quantification of CD39 expression levels was determined using a computerized image analysis system and was evaluated by mean optical density (MOD), which corresponded to the positive staining intensity of CD39. The number of positive Foxp3 cells and both CD39 and Foxp3 positive cells in each 1-mm-diameter cylinder were counted under high-power magnification (×400). The "minimum P value" approach was used to obtain the optimal cutoff value for the best separation between groups of patients in relation to time to recurrence (TTR) or overall survival (OS). The expression of CD39 in HCC cell lines with stepwise metastatic potential and in human umbilical vein endothelial cells was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. The SPSS 17.0 statistical package was used for statistics.CD39 was principally expressed on vascular endothelial cells, macrophagocytes, Tregs, and tumor cells in HCC. Compared with paired peritumoral tissues, tumoral tissues had a significantly higher expression level of CD39 (P < 0.0001). Overexpression of tumoral CD39 was related to increased tumor recurrence and shortened overall survival. Furthermore, the expression level of peritumoral CD39 showed a prognostic role in TTR and OS. Double IHC showed that tumoral tissues had significantly higher Foxp3Tregs and CD39Foxp3Tregs count per 1 mm core (14.1659 vs 4.9877, P = 0.001; 11.5254 vs 3.3930, P < 0.001) and a higher CD39Foxp3/Foxp3 ratio compared with paired peritumoral tissues. CD39Foxp3Tregs were a better prognosticator than CD39Tregs for TTR.Overexpression of CD39 protein in HCC was an independent predictor of poor outcome after radical resection. The CD39Foxp3Tregs count added prognostic power to Foxp3Tregs, providing a potential target for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Cai
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion, The Chinese Ministry of Education
- Department of General Surgery, Gongli Hospital
| | - Xiao-Chun Ni
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion, The Chinese Ministry of Education
| | - Yong Yi
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion, The Chinese Ministry of Education
| | - Hong-Wei He
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion, The Chinese Ministry of Education
| | - Jia-Xing Wang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion, The Chinese Ministry of Education
| | - Yi-Peng Fu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion, The Chinese Ministry of Education
| | - Jian Sun
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion, The Chinese Ministry of Education
| | - Jian Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion, The Chinese Ministry of Education
| | - Yun-Feng Cheng
- Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Jun Jin
- Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Fan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion, The Chinese Ministry of Education
| | - Shuang-Jian Qiu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion, The Chinese Ministry of Education
- Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shuang-Jian Qiu, Liver Cancer Institute and Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China (e-mail: )
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Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is essential for the myriad of metabolic processes upon which life is based and is known widely as the universal energy currency unit of intracellular biologic reactions. ATP, adenosine diphosphate, adenosine, as well as other purines and pyrimidines also serve as ubiquitous extracellular mediators which function through the activation of specific receptors (viz. P2 receptors for nucleotides and purinergic P1 receptors for adenosine). Extracellular nucleotides are rapidly converted to nucleosides, such as adenosine, by highly regulated plasma membrane ectonucleotidases that modulate many of the normal biological and metabolic processes in the liver - such as gluconeogenesis and insulin signaling. Under inflammatory conditions, as with ischemia reperfusion, sepsis or metabolic stress, ATP and other nucleotides can also act as 'damage-associated molecular patterns' causing inflammasome activation in innate immune cells and endothelium resulting in tissue damage. The phosphohydrolysis of ATP by ectonucleotidases, such as those of the CD39/ENTPD family, results in the generation of immune suppressive adenosine, which in turn markedly limits inflammatory processes. Experimental studies by others and our group have implicated purinergic signaling in experimental models of hepatic ischemia reperfusion and inflammation, transplant rejection, hepatic regeneration, steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cancer, amongst others. Expression of ectonucleotidases on sinusoidal endothelial, stellate or immune cells allows for homeostatic integration and linking of the control of vascular inflammatory and immune cell reactions in the liver. CD39 expression also identifies hepatic myeloid dendritic cells and efficiently distinguishes T-regulatory-type cells from other resting or activated T cells. Our evolving data strongly indicate that CD39 serves as a key 'molecular switch' and is an integral component of the suppressive machinery of myeloid, dendritic and T cells. Increased understanding of mechanisms of extracellular ATP scavenging and specifically conversion to nucleosides by ectonucleotidases of the CD39 family have also led to novel insights into the exquisite balance of nucleotide P2-receptor and adenosinergic P1-receptor signaling in inflammatory and hepatic diseases. Further, CD39 and other ectonucleotidases exhibit genetic polymorphisms in humans which alter levels of expression/function and are associated with predisposition to inflammatory and immune diseases, diabetes and vascular calcification, amongst other problems. Development of therapeutic strategies targeting purinergic signaling and ectonucleotidases offers promise for the management of disordered inflammation and aberrant immune reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron P Vaughn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA
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5
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Lee JJ, Jeong HJ, Kim MK, Wee WR, Lee WW, Kim SU, Sung C, Yang YH. CD39-mediated effect of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on the human Th17 cell function. Purinergic Signal 2013; 10:357-65. [PMID: 24043462 PMCID: PMC4040175 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-013-9385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the immune-modulatory effects of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) on human Th17 cell function through the CD39-mediated adenosine-producing pathway. The suppressive effects of hBMSCs were evaluated by assessing their effects on the proliferation of Th17 cells and the secretion of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17A by Th17 cells with or without anti-CD39 treatment. Changes in CD39 and CD73 expression on the T cells with or without co-culture of hBMSCs were evaluated by flow cytometry. hBMSCs effectively suppressed the proliferation of Th17 cells and the secretion of both IL-17A and IFN-γ from Th17 cells using by both flow cytometry and ELISA, while anti-CD39 treatment significantly reduced the inhibitory effects of hBMSCs on the proliferation and secretion of the Th17 cells. The hBMSCs induced increased expression of the CD39 and CD73 on T cells correlated with the suppressive function of hBMSCs, which was accompanied by increased adenosine production. Our data suggests that hBMSCs can effectively suppress immune responses of the Th17 cells via the CD39-CD73-mediated adenosine-producing pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Joo Lee
- />Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799 South Korea
- />Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Jeong
- />Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mee Kum Kim
- />Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799 South Korea
- />Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Ryang Wee
- />Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799 South Korea
- />Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Woo Lee
- />Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung U. Kim
- />Medical Research Institute, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- />Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Changmin Sung
- />Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yung Hun Yang
- />Department of Microbial Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Parodi A, Battaglia F, Kalli F, Ferrera F, Conteduca G, Tardito S, Stringara S, Ivaldi F, Negrini S, Borgonovo G, Simonato A, Traverso P, Carmignani G, Fenoglio D, Filaci G. CD39 is highly involved in mediating the suppression activity of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T regulatory lymphocytes. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:851-62. [PMID: 23359087 PMCID: PMC11029015 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CD39 is an ectoenzyme, present on different immune cell subsets, which mediates immunosuppressive functions catalyzing ATP degradation. It is not known whether CD39 is expressed and implicated in the activity of CD8+ regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg). In this study, CD39 expression and function was analyzed in both CD8+ and CD4+CD25(hi) Treg from the peripheral blood of healthy donors as well as from tumor specimens. CD39 was found expressed by both CD8+ (from the majority of healthy donors and tumor patients) and CD4+CD25(hi) Treg, and CD39 expression correlated with suppression activity mediated by CD8+ Treg. Importantly, CD39 counteraction remarkably inhibited the suppression activity of CD8+ Treg (both from peripheral blood and tumor microenvironment) suggesting that CD39-mediated inhibition constitutes a prevalent hallmark of their function. Collectively, these findings, unveiling a new mechanism of action for CD8+ Treg, provide new knowledge on intratumoral molecular pathways related to tumor immune escape, which could be exploited in the future for designing new biological tools for anticancer immune intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Parodi
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV n. 7, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Florinda Battaglia
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV n. 7, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Kalli
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV n. 7, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferrera
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV n. 7, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Conteduca
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV n. 7, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Samuele Tardito
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV n. 7, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Stringara
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV n. 7, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Ivaldi
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, DINOGMI, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria San Martino IST, Genoa, Italy
- Advanced Biotechnology Center, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simone Negrini
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV n. 7, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Traverso
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV n. 7, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Fenoglio
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV n. 7, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 161322 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gilberto Filaci
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV n. 7, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 161322 Genoa, Italy
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Schmelzle M, Duhme C, Junger W, Salhanick SD, Chen Y, Wu Y, Toxavidis V, Csizmadia E, Han L, Bian S, Fürst G, Nowak M, Karp SJ, Knoefel WT, Esch JSA, Robson SC. CD39 modulates hematopoietic stem cell recruitment and promotes liver regeneration in mice and humans after partial hepatectomy. Ann Surg 2013; 257:693-701. [PMID: 23474584 PMCID: PMC4243517 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e31826c3ec2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study molecular mechanisms involved in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization after liver resection and determine impacts on liver regeneration. BACKGROUND Extracellular nucleotide-mediated cell signaling has been shown to boost liver regeneration. Ectonucleotidases of the CD39 family are expressed by bone marrow-derived cells, and purinergic mechanisms might also impact mobilization and functions of HSC after liver injury. METHODS Partial hepatectomy was performed in C57BL/6 wild-type, Cd39 ectonucleotidase-null mice and in chimeric mice after transplantation of wild-type or Cd39-null bone marrow. Bone marrow-derived HSCs were purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and administered after hepatectomy. Chemotactic studies were performed to examine effects of purinergic receptor agonists and antagonists in vitro. Mobilization of human HSCs and expression of CD39 were examined and linked to the extent of resection and liver tests. RESULTS Subsets of HSCs expressing Cd39 are preferentially mobilized after partial hepatectomy. Chemotactic responses of HSCs are increased by CD39-dependent adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis and adenosine signaling via A2A receptors in vitro. Mobilized Cd39 HSCs boost liver regeneration, potentially limiting interleukin 1β signaling. In clinical studies, mobilized human HSCs also express CD39 at high levels. Mobilization of HSCs correlates directly with the restoration of liver volume and function after partial hepatectomy. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate CD39 to be a novel HSC marker that defines a functionally distinct stem cell subset in mice and humans. HSCs are mobilized after liver resection, limit inflammation, and boost regeneration in a CD39-dependent manner. These observations have implications for monitoring and indicate future therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Schmelzle
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center and Transplantation Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Constanze Duhme
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Junger
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Steven D. Salhanick
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center and Transplantation Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center and Transplantation Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Vasilis Toxavidis
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center and Transplantation Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lihui Han
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center and Transplantation Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shu Bian
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center and Transplantation Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Günter Fürst
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martina Nowak
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center and Transplantation Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peri-operative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Seth J. Karp
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Wolfram T. Knoefel
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Simon C. Robson
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center and Transplantation Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Poth JM, Brodsky K, Ehrentraut H, Grenz A, Eltzschig HK. Transcriptional control of adenosine signaling by hypoxia-inducible transcription factors during ischemic or inflammatory disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 91:183-93. [PMID: 23263788 PMCID: PMC3560301 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-012-0988-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory lesions, ischemic tissues, or solid tumors are characterized by the occurrence of severe tissue hypoxia within the diseased tissue. Subsequent stabilization of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors-particularly of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1A)--results in significant alterations of gene expression of resident cells or inflammatory cells that have been recruited into such lesions. Interestingly, studies of hypoxia-induced changes of gene expression identified a transcriptional program that promotes extracellular adenosine signaling. Adenosine is a signaling molecule that functions through the activation of four distinct adenosine receptors--the ADORA1, ADORA2A, ADORA2B, and ADORA3 receptors. Extracellular adenosine is predominantly derived from the phosphohydrolysis of precursor nucleotides, such as adenosine triphosphate or adenosine monophosphate. HIF1A-elicited alterations in gene expression enhance the enzymatic capacity within inflamed tissues to produce extracellular adenosine. Moreover, hypoxia-elicited induction of adenosine receptors--particularly of ADORA2B--results in increased signal transduction. Functional studies in genetic models for HIF1A or adenosine receptors implicate this pathway in an endogenous feedback loop that dampens excessive inflammation and promotes injury resolution, while at the same time enhancing ischemia tolerance. Therefore, pharmacological strategies to enhance HIF-elicited adenosine production or to promote adenosine signaling through adenosine receptors are being investigated for the treatment of acute inflammatory or ischemic diseases characterized by tissue hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens M. Poth
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn, Germany
| | - Kelley Brodsky
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - Heidi Ehrentraut
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn, Germany
| | - Almut Grenz
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
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Sun X, Han L, Seth P, Bian S, Li L, Csizmadia E, Junger WG, Schmelzle M, Usheva A, Tapper EB, Baffy G, Sukhatme VP, Wu Y, Robson SC. Disordered purinergic signaling and abnormal cellular metabolism are associated with development of liver cancer in Cd39/ENTPD1 null mice. Hepatology 2013; 57:205-16. [PMID: 22859060 PMCID: PMC3505255 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Liver cancer is associated with chronic inflammation, which is linked to immune dysregulation, disordered metabolism, and aberrant cell proliferation. Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1; (CD39/ENTPD1) is an ectonucleotidase that regulates extracellular nucleotide/nucleoside concentrations by scavenging nucleotides to ultimately generate adenosine. These properties inhibit antitumor immune responses and promote angiogenesis, being permissive for the growth of transplanted tumors. Here we show that Cd39 deletion promotes development of both induced and spontaneous autochthonous liver cancer in mice. Loss of Cd39 results in higher concentrations of extracellular nucleotides, which stimulate proliferation of hepatocytes, abrogate autophagy, and disrupt glycolytic metabolism. Constitutive activation of Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-S6K1 pathways occurs in both quiescent Cd39 null hepatocytes in vitro and liver tissues in vivo. Exogenous adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) boosts these signaling pathways, whereas rapamycin inhibits such aberrant responses in hepatocytes. CONCLUSION Deletion of Cd39 and resulting changes in disordered purinergic signaling perturb hepatocellular metabolic/proliferative responses, paradoxically resulting in malignant transformation. These findings might impact adjunctive therapies for cancer. Our studies indicate that the biology of autochthonous and transplanted tumors is quite distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Sun
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lihui Han
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Department of Medicine, Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shu Bian
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Linglin Li
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Wolfgang G. Junger
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Moritz Schmelzle
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anny Usheva
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elliot B. Tapper
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gyorgy Baffy
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Vikas P. Sukhatme
- Department of Medicine, Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Simon C. Robson
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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10
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Abstract
Purinergic signaling has been postulated as a mechanism of cellular signaling since the early 1970s. Cellular responses triggered by extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides occur by defined adenosine (P1) and ATP (P2) receptors, respectively, and play a prominent role in many aspects of health and disease, including those involving the liver. In normal physiology, extracellular nucleotides modulate many of the normal biologic and hepatic metabolic processes such as gluconeogenesis and insulin responsiveness. Further, in multiple disease states, ATP and certain nucleotides serve as danger signals and are involved in heightened purinergic receptor activation in a myriad of pathologic processes. Recently, others and we have shown the regulation of purinergic signaling by ectonucleotidases to play an important role in the acute vascular pathobiology of liver inflammation, regeneration, and immunity, as in ischemia reperfusion and transplantation. Increased understanding into mechanisms of extracellular ATP metabolism by such ecto enzymes has also led to novel insights into the exquisite balance of nucleotide P2-receptor and adenosinergic P1-receptor signaling in those chronic hepatic diseases characterized by steatosis, fibrosis, and malignancy. This review will explore the developing role of purinergic signaling in the pathophysiology of liver disease and comment on potential future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon C. Robson
- Corresponding Author: Simon C Robson MD PhD, Division of Gastroenterology, CLS 612, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre/Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215 USA. tel - 617 735 2921, fax - 617 735 2930,
| | - Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre University College Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
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11
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Abstract
The bacterium that causes tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, possesses a rather unique outer membrane composed largely of lipids that possess long-chain and branched fatty acids, called mycolic acids. These lipids form a permeability barrier that prevents entry of many environmental solutes, thereby making these bacteria acid-fast and able to survive extremely hostile surroundings. Antitubercular drugs must penetrate this layer to reach their target. This review highlights drug development efforts that have added to the slowly growing tuberculosis drug pipeline, identified new enzyme activities to target with drugs and increased the understanding of important biosynthetic pathways for mycobacterial outer membrane and cell wall core assembly. In addition, a portion of this review looks at discovery efforts aimed at weakening this barrier to decrease mycobacterial virulence, decrease fitness in the host or enhance the efficacy of the current drug repertoire by disrupting the permeability barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Favrot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Donald R Ronning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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12
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Hoque R, Sohail MA, Salhanick S, Malik AF, Ghani A, Robson SC, Mehal WZ. P2X7 receptor-mediated purinergic signaling promotes liver injury in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 302:G1171-9. [PMID: 22383490 PMCID: PMC3362096 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00352.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation contributes to liver injury in acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity in mice and is triggered by stimulation of immune cells. The purinergic receptor P2X7 is upstream of the nod-like receptor family, pryin domain containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in immune cells and is activated by ATP and NAD that serve as damage-associated molecular patterns. APAP hepatotoxicity was assessed in mice genetically deficient in P2X7, the key inflammatory receptor for nucleotides (P2X7-/-), and in wild-type mice. P2X7-/- mice had significantly decreased APAP-induced liver necrosis. In addition, APAP-poisoned mice were treated with the specific P2X7 antagonist A438079 or etheno-NAD, a competitive antagonist of NAD. Pre- or posttreatment with A438079 significantly decreased APAP-induced necrosis and hemorrhage in APAP liver injury in wild-type but not P2X7-/- mice. Pretreatment with etheno-NAD also significantly decreased APAP-induced necrosis and hemorrhage in APAP liver injury. In addition, APAP toxicity in mice lacking the plasma membrane ecto-NTPDase CD39 (CD39-/-) that metabolizes ATP was examined in parallel with the use of soluble apyrase to deplete extracellular ATP in wild-type mice. CD39-/- mice had increased APAP-induced hemorrhage and mortality, whereas apyrase also decreased APAP-induced mortality. Kupffer cells were treated with extracellular ATP to assess P2X7-dependent inflammasome activation. P2X7 was required for ATP-stimulated IL-1β release. In conclusion, P2X7 and exposure to the ligands ATP and NAD are required for manifestations of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaz Hoque
- 1Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut;
| | | | - Steven Salhanick
- 2Liver Center and Transplantation Institute, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts;
| | - Ahsan F. Malik
- 1Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut;
| | - Ayaz Ghani
- 1Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut;
| | - Simon C. Robson
- 2Liver Center and Transplantation Institute, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts;
| | - Wajahat Z. Mehal
- 1Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; ,3Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, Connecticut
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13
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Häusler SFM, Montalbán del Barrio I, Strohschein J, Chandran PA, Engel JB, Hönig A, Ossadnik M, Horn E, Fischer B, Krockenberger M, Heuer S, Seida AA, Junker M, Kneitz H, Kloor D, Klotz KN, Dietl J, Wischhusen J. Ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 on OvCA cells are potent adenosine-generating enzymes responsible for adenosine receptor 2A-dependent suppression of T cell function and NK cell cytotoxicity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:1405-18. [PMID: 21638125 PMCID: PMC11028787 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 degrade immune stimulatory ATP to adenosine that inhibits T and NK cell responses via the A(2A) adenosine receptor (ADORA2A). This mechanism is used by regulatory T cells (T(reg)) that are associated with increased mortality in OvCA. Immunohistochemical staining of human OvCA tissue specimens revealed further aberrant expression of CD39 in 29/36 OvCA samples, whereas only 1/9 benign ovaries showed weak stromal CD39 expression. CD73 could be detected on 31/34 OvCA samples. While 8/9 benign ovaries also showed CD73 immunoreactivity, expression levels were lower than in tumour specimens. Infiltration by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was enhanced in tumour specimens and significantly correlated with CD39 and CD73 levels on stromal, but not on tumour cells. In vitro, human OvCA cell lines SK-OV-3 and OaW42 as well as 11/15 ascites-derived primary OvCA cell cultures expressed both functional CD39 and CD73 leading to more efficient depletion of extracellular ATP and enhanced generation of adenosine as compared to activated T(reg). Functional assays using siRNAs against CD39 and CD73 or pharmacological inhibitors of CD39, CD73 and ADORA2A revealed that tumour-derived adenosine inhibits the proliferation of allogeneic human CD4(+) T cells in co-culture with OvCA cells as well as cytotoxic T cell priming and NK cell cytotoxicity against SK-OV3 or OAW42 cells. Thus, both the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 and ADORA2A appear as possible targets for novel treatments in OvCA, which may not only affect the function of T(reg) but also relieve intrinsic immunosuppressive properties of tumour and stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian F M Häusler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Würzburg, School of Medicine, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 4, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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14
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Mandapathil M, Whiteside TL. Targeting human inducible regulatory T cells (Tr1) in patients with cancer: blocking of adenosine-prostaglandin E₂ cooperation. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2011; 11:1203-14. [PMID: 21702720 PMCID: PMC3149765 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2011.581225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emerging data suggest that human inducible regulatory T cells (Tr1) produce adenosine and prostaglandin E(2) and that these factors cooperate in mediating immune suppression. AREAS COVERED Human Tr1 present in human tumors or blood of cancer patients express ectonucleotidases, CD39 and/or CD73, hydrolyze ATP to adenosine and are COX-2 positive. Expression of CD39 and/or CD73 on human tumors favors expansion and suppressor functions of Tr1. Adenosine and PGE(2) signal via adenosine 2A receptor (A(2A)R) and prostaglandin E(2) receptor 2 (EP(2)R) expressed on effector T (Teff) cells, suppressing their anti-tumor functions by a common mechanism involving upregulation of cytosolic cAMP levels and protein kinase A (PKA) type I activation. The frequency and activity of circulating CD4(+)CD39(+) and CD4(+)COX-2(+) Treg subsets increase in advanced disease and also following oncologic therapies. EXPERT OPINION Pharmacologic blocking of adenosine-PGE(2) collaboration provides a clinically-feasible strategy for disarming of Treg. Used in conjunction with conventional anti-cancer drugs or immune interventions, pharmacologic inhibitors could improve outcome of oncologic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magis Mandapathil
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pathology, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.27, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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15
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Abstract
Over the past 20 years, the growing awareness that purinergic signaling events literally shape the immune and inflammatory responses to infection and allergic reactions warranted the development of animal models to assess their importance in vivo in acute lung injury and chronic airway diseases. The pioneer work conducted with the adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient mouse provided irrefutable evidence that excess adenosine (ADO) accumulating in the lungs of asthmatic patients, constitutes a powerful mediator of disease severity. These original studies launched the development of murine strains for the two major ectonucleotidases responsible for the generation of airway ADO from ATP release: CD39 and CD73. The dramatic acute lung injury and chronic lung complications, manifested by these knockout mice in response to allergens and endotoxin, demonstrated the critical importance of regulating the availability of ATP and ADO for their receptors. Therapeutic targets are currently evaluated using knockout mice and agonists/antagonists for each ADO receptor (A(1)R, A(2A)R, A(2B)R, and A(3)R) and the predominant ATP receptors (P2Y(2)R and P2X(7)R). This chapter provides an in-depth description of each in vivo study, and a critical view of the therapeutic potentials for the treatment of airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryse Picher
- and Treatment Center, Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Research and T, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill,, 27599 North Carolina USA
| | - Richard C. Boucher
- University of North Carolina, - Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Research and, Thurston-Bowles building - 7011, CHAPEL HILL, 27599 North Carolina USA
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16
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Abstract
Fatty liver is commonly associated with alcohol ingestion and abuse. While the molecular pathogenesis of these fatty changes is well understood, the histochemical and pharmacological mechanisms by which ethanol stimulates these molecular changes remain unknown. During ethanol metabolism, adenosine is generated by the enzyme ecto-5'-nucleotidase, and adenosine production and adenosine receptor activation are known to play critical roles in the development of hepatic fibrosis. We therefore investigated whether adenosine and its receptors play a role in the development of alcohol-induced fatty liver. WT mice fed ethanol on the Lieber-DeCarli diet developed hepatic steatosis, including increased hepatic triglyceride content, while mice lacking ecto-5-nucleotidase or adenosine A1 or A2B receptors were protected from developing fatty liver. Similar protection was also seen in WT mice treated with either an adenosine A1 or A2B receptor antagonist. Steatotic livers demonstrated increased expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis, which was prevented by blockade of adenosine A1 receptors, and decreased expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, which was prevented by blockade of adenosine A2B receptors. In vitro studies supported roles for adenosine A1 receptors in promoting fatty acid synthesis and for A2B receptors in decreasing fatty acid metabolism. These results indicate that adenosine generated by ethanol metabolism plays an important role in ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis via both A1 and A2B receptors and suggest that targeting adenosine receptors may be effective in the prevention of alcohol-induced fatty liver.
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17
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Ivanenkov VV, Sévigny J, Kirley TL. Trafficking and intracellular ATPase activity of human ecto-nucleotidase NTPDase3 and the effect of ER-targeted NTPDase3 on protein folding. Biochemistry 2008; 47:9184-97. [PMID: 18693757 PMCID: PMC2562647 DOI: 10.1021/bi800402q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases, NTPDase1 (CD39) and NTPDase3, are integral plasma membrane proteins that hydrolyze extracellular nucleotides, thereby modulating the function of purinergic receptors. During processing in the secretory pathway, the active sites of ecto-nucleotidases are located in the lumen of vesicular compartments, thus raising the question whether the ecto-nucleotidases affect the ATP-dependent processes in these compartments, including protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It has been reported (J. Biol. Chem. (2001) 276, 41518-41525) that CD39 is not active until it reaches the plasma membrane, suggesting that terminal glycosylation in Golgi is critical for its activity. To investigate the subcellular location and the mechanism of ecto-nucleotidase activation, we expressed human NTPDase3 in COS-1 cells and blocked the secretory transport with monensin or brefeldin A, or by targeting to ER with a signal peptide. Cell surface biotinylation, sensitivity to glycosidases, and fluorescence microscopy analyses suggest that, in contrast to the previous report on CD39, NTPDase3 becomes catalytically active in the ER or in the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment, and that terminal glycosylation in Golgi is not essential for activity. Moreover, ER-targeted NTPDase3, but not wild-type NTPDase3 or ER-targeted inactive G221A mutant, significantly diminished the folding efficiency and the transport to the plasma membrane of coexpressed CD39 used as a reporter protein. These data suggest that ER-targeted NTPDase3 significantly depletes ATP in ER, whereas wild-type NTPDase3 is likely to acquire ATPase activity in a post-ER, but pre-Golgi, compartment, thus avoiding unproductive ATP hydrolysis and interference with protein folding in the ER. ER-targeted NTPDase3 may be a useful experimental tool to study the effects of ER ATP depletion on ER function under normal and stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily V. Ivanenkov
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 670575, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575
| | - Jean Sévigny
- From the Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Terence L. Kirley
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 670575, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575
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18
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Koziak K, Bojakowska M, Robson S, Bojakowski K, Soin J, Csizmadia E, Religa P, Gaciong Z, Kaczmarek E. Overexpression of CD39/nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 decreases smooth muscle cell proliferation and prevents neointima formation after angioplasty. J Thromb Haemost 2008; 6:1191-7. [PMID: 18485080 PMCID: PMC2761653 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03019.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence implicates the involvement of extracellular nucleotides in the regulation of platelet, leukocyte, endothelial cell (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype and function. Within the quiescent vasculature, extracellular nucleotides are rapidly hydrolyzed by CD39, the dominant endothelial nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase-1). However, vascular CD39/NTPDase-1 activity is lost in EC activated by oxidative stress or proinflammatory mediators, and upon denudation of the endothelium following balloon injury. The consequent increase in extracellular nucleotide concentrations triggers signaling events leading to prothrombotic responses and increased VSMC proliferation. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of overexpressed CD39/NTPDase-1 in injured aorta. METHODS Using adenoviral-mediated gene transfer we expressed CD39/NTPDase-1 in mechanically denudated rat aortas. We measured intima formation by morphometry and VSMC proliferation by the [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation assay. RESULTS Targeted expression of CD39 in injured vessels increased NTPDase activity (from 2.91 +/- 0.31 to 22.07 +/- 6.7 nmols Pi mg(-1) protein, 4 days after exposure to the adenovirus) and prevented the formation of neointima. The thickness of the intimal layer in injured aortas exposed to Ad-CD39 was 26.2 +/- 3.9 microm vs. 51.8 +/- 6.1 microm and 64.4 +/- 22.2 microm (P < 0.001) in vessels treated with Ad-beta-gal and saline, respectively. Moreover, targeted expression of CD39/NTPDase-1 caused a 70% (P < 0.01) decrease in proliferation of VSMC isolated from transduced rat aortas as compared with VSMC derived from control vessels. CONCLUSIONS The presented data suggest that increasing CD39/NTPDase-1 activity in VSMC could represent a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention of stenosis associated with angioplasty and other occlusive vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Koziak
- Department of General and Nutritional Biochemistry, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Bojakowska
- 2 Department of General, Vascular and Oncological Surgery, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S.C. Robson
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K. Bojakowski
- 2 Department of General, Vascular and Oncological Surgery, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J. Soin
- Department of General and Nutritional Biochemistry, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E. Csizmadia
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P. Religa
- Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Z. Gaciong
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E. Kaczmarek
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Robson SC, Sévigny J, Zimmermann H. The E-NTPDase family of ectonucleotidases: Structure function relationships and pathophysiological significance. Purinergic Signal 2006; 2:409-30. [PMID: 18404480 PMCID: PMC2254478 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-006-9003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 707] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2005] [Accepted: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectonucleotidases are ectoenzymes that hydrolyze extracellular nucleotides to the respective nucleosides. Within the past decade, ectonucleotidases belonging to several enzyme families have been discovered, cloned and characterized. In this article, we specifically address the cell surface-located members of the ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase/CD39) family (NTPDase1,2,3, and 8). The molecular identification of individual NTPDase subtypes, genetic engineering, mutational analyses, and the generation of subtype-specific antibodies have resulted in considerable insights into enzyme structure and function. These advances also allow definition of physiological and patho-physiological implications of NTPDases in a considerable variety of tissues. Biological actions of NTPDases are a consequence (at least in part) of the regulated phosphohydrolytic activity on extracellular nucleotides and consequent effects on P2-receptor signaling. It further appears that the spatial and temporal expression of NTPDases by various cell types within the vasculature, the nervous tissues and other tissues impacts on several patho-physiological processes. Examples include acute effects on cellular metabolism, adhesion, activation and migration with other protracted impacts upon developmental responses, inclusive of cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, as seen with atherosclerosis, degenerative neurological diseases and immune rejection of transplanted organs and cells. Future clinical applications are expected to involve the development of new therapeutic strategies for transplantation and various inflammatory cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C. Robson
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec Canada
| | - Herbert Zimmermann
- Institut fuer Zellbiologie und Neurowissenschaft, Biozentrum der J.W. Goethe-Universitaet, Marie-Curie-Str. 9, D-60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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20
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Abstract
1 The metabolism of extracellular nucleotides plays an important role in nucleotide signalling mediated by P2 receptors. The nucleotide sequence encoding a putative human ecto-ATPase named CD39L1 was reported recently. However, the biological activity of this protein has not been established. 2 Based on the sequence of CD39L1 we isolated from mRNA from human ECV-304 cells a sequence encoding a 495 amino acid protein that is identical to CD39L1, with the exception that this sequence contains a 23 amino acid stretch in the putative extracellular loop that is missing in CD39L1. Partial sequence of a genomic DNA clone indicates that the CD39L1 gene corresponds to an alternative spliced form of the human ecto-ATPase. 3 Stable expression of isolated sequence in NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblasts conferred a marked nucleotide hydrolytic activity consistent with the activity of an ecto-ATPase. 4 The human ecto-ATPase hydrolyzed all naturally occurring nucleoside triphosphates in a Ca(2+)- or Mg(2+)-dependent manner. Nucleoside diphosphates were hydrolyzed at a rate approximately 5% of that of the corresponding triphosphates. The apparent Km and Vmax values were: 394+/-62 microM and 107+/-7 nmol Pi min-1 10(6) cells-1 for the hydrolysis of ATP, and 102+/-33 microM and 4+/-0.4 nmol Pi min-1 10(6) cells-1 for the hydrolysis of ADP, respectively. 5 In conclusion, we report here the cloning and functional expression of a human ecto-ATPase. The study of the biochemical properties and the regulatory mechanisms of ecto-ATPases of defined sequence will be valuable in the definition of their role in nucleotide signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Mateo
- Department of Pharmacology, The School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, NC 27599, U.S.A
| | - T Kendall Harden
- Department of Pharmacology, The School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, NC 27599, U.S.A
| | - José L Boyer
- Department of Pharmacology, The School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, NC 27599, U.S.A
- Author for correspondence:
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