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Zolghadri S, Beygi M, Mohammad TF, Alijanianzadeh M, Pillaiyar T, Garcia-Molina P, Garcia-Canovas F, Luis Munoz-Munoz J, Akbar Saboury A. Targeting Tyrosinase in Hyperpigmentation: Current Status, Limitations and Future Promises. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115574. [PMID: 37127249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpigmentation is a common and distressing dermatologic condition. Since tyrosinase (TYR) plays an essential role in melanogenesis, its inhibition is considered a logical approach along with other therapeutic methods to prevent the accumulation of melanin in the skin. Thus, TYR inhibitors are a tempting target as the medicinal and cosmetic active agents of hyperpigmentation disorder. Among TYR inhibitors, hydroquinone is a traditional lightening agent that is commonly used in clinical practice. However, despite good efficacy, prolonged use of hydroquinone is associated with side effects. To overcome these shortcomings, new approaches in targeting TYR and treating hyperpigmentation are desperately requiredessentialneeded. In line with this purpose, several non-hydroquinone lightening agents have been developed and suggested as hydroquinone alternatives. In addition to traditional approaches, nanomedicine and nanotheranostic platforms have been recently proposed in the treatment of hyperpigmentation. In this review, we discuss the available strategies for the management of hyperpigmentation with a focus on TYR inhibition. In addition, alternative treatment options to hydroquinone are discussed. Finally, we present nano-based strategies to improve the therapeutic effect of drugs prescribed to patients with skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Zolghadri
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Beygi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Alijanianzadeh
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tuebingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pablo Garcia-Molina
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Garcia-Canovas
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Munoz-Munoz
- Microbial Enzymology Lab, Department of Applied Sciences, Ellison Building A, University of Northumbria, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Shojazadeh T, Zolghadr L, JafarKhani S, Gharaghani S, Farasat A, Piri H, Gheibi N. Biomolecular interactions and binding dynamics of inhibitor arachidonic acid, with tyrosinase enzyme. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:1378-1387. [PMID: 34974821 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpigmentation is a disorder caused by increased melanin deposition and changes in skin pigmentation. Inhibition of tyrosinase activity contributes to the control of food browning and skin pigmentation diseases. The effects of arachidonic acid (AA) on tyrosinase activity were examined using different spectroscopy methods including UV-VIS spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) differential scanning calorimetry, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Based on the kinetic results, arachidonic acid showed mixed-type of inhibition with Ki = 4.7 µM. Fluorescence and CD studies showed changes of secondary and tertiary structures of enzyme and a reduction of α-helix* amino acids after its incubation with different concentrations of AA, which is also confirmed by DSSP analysis. In addition, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies showed a decrease in thermodynamic stability of enzyme from Tm = 338.65k for sole enzyme after incubation with AA in comparison with complex enzyme with Tm= 334.26k, ΔH =7.52 kJ/mol, and ΔS = 0.15 kJ/mol k. Based on the theoretical methods, it was found that the interaction between enzyme and AA follows an electrostatic manner with ΔG = -8.314 kJ/mol and ΔH = -12.9 kJ/mol. The MD results showed the lowest flexibility in the complex amino acids and minimal fluctuations in AA interaction with tyrosinase in Residue 240 to 260 and 66 to 80. Thus, AA inhibitory and structural and thermodynamic instability of tyrosinase supported advantages of this fatty acid for prevention of medical hyperpigmentation. Therefore, it is a good candidate for cosmetic applications. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Shojazadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetic, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Leila Zolghadr
- Department of Chemistry, Imam Khomeini International University Qazvin, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Saeed JafarKhani
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Gharaghani
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Drug Design, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Farasat
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hossein Piri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Nematollah Gheibi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Hassan M, Shahzadi S, Kloczkowski A. Tyrosinase Inhibitors Naturally Present in Plants and Synthetic Modifications of These Natural Products as Anti-Melanogenic Agents: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010378. [PMID: 36615571 PMCID: PMC9822343 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a key enzyme target to design new chemical ligands against melanogenesis. In the current review, different chemical derivatives are explored which have been used as anti-melanogenic compounds. These are different chemical compounds naturally present in plants and semi-synthetic and synthetic compounds inspired by these natural products, such as kojic acid produced by several species of fungi; arbutin-a glycosylated hydroquinone extracted from the bearberry plant; vanillin-a phenolic aldehyde extracted from the vanilla bean, etc. After enzyme inhibition screening, various chemical compounds showed different therapeutic effects as tyrosinase inhibitors with different values of the inhibition constant and IC50. We show how appropriately designed scaffolds inspired by the structures of natural compounds are used to develop novel synthetic inhibitors. We review the results of numerous studies, which could lead to the development of effective anti-tyrosinase agents with increased efficiency and safety in the near future, with many applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Hassan
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Correspondence: or (M.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Saba Shahzadi
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Andrzej Kloczkowski
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Correspondence: or (M.H.); (A.K.)
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4
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New Insight into the Interactions of Arbutin with Mushroom Tyrosinase. Protein J 2021; 40:689-698. [PMID: 34047882 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-021-10004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
As a safe substitute for hydroquinone, β-arbutin, a natural plant substance, and its synthetic counterpart, α-arbutin, are used in depigmentation formulations. However, there are debatable points regarding the impact of arbutin on tyrosinase and the pigmentation process. To shed light on this issue, the effects of Pyrus biossieriana leaves extract (PbLE) and β-arbutin, extracted from PbLE, on mushroom tyrosinase (MT) were comprehensively examined. The study was focused on cresolase activity as the characteristic reaction of a tyrosinase. Kinetics studies disclosed that β-arbutin can modulate MT monophenolase activity from inhibition to activation or vice versa. β-Arbutin inhibited L-tyrosine (LTy) oxidation at concentrations < 0.3 mM but it increased (more than 400%) the enzymatic oxidation of L-tyrosine at the concentrations > 0.3 mM. An opposite pattern (activation then inhibition) was observed when a synthetic substrate was used instead of LTy. Computational studies, focused on the heavy chain of MT, indicated that β-arbutin effect could be overruled by the enzyme's ability to provide the ligand with a non-specific binding site (MTPc). A plausible mechanism was presented to show the influence of MTPc on the substrate pose in the active site. The possible determinant correlation between the findings of this research and the current studies on human tyrosinase role in the pigmentation process has been presented.
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Vaezi M, Rezaei Behbehani G, Farasat A, Gheibi N. Thermodynamic, kinetic and docking studies of some unsaturated fatty acids-quercetin derivatives as inhibitors of mushroom tyrosinase. AIMS BIOPHYSICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3934/biophy.2020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Zhou L, Liao T, Liu W, Zou L, Liu C, Terefe NS. Inhibitory effects of organic acids on polyphenol oxidase: From model systems to food systems. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3594-3621. [PMID: 31858810 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1702500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organic acids are widely utilized in the food industry for inhibiting the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and enzymatic browning. This review discusses the mechanisms of inhibition of PPO and enzymatic browning by various organic acids based on studies in model systems, critically evaluates the relevance of such studies to real food systems and assesses the implication of the synergistic inhibitory effects of organic acids with other physicochemical processing techniques on product quality and safety. Organic acids inhibit the activity of PPO and enzymatic browning via different mechanisms and therefore the suitability of a particular organic acid depends on the structure and the catalytic properties of PPO and the physicochemical properties of the food matrix. Studies in model systems provide an invaluable insight into the inhibitory mechanisms of various organics acids. However, the difference in the effectiveness of PPO inhibitors between model systems and food systems and the lack of correlation between the degree of PPO inhibition based on in vitro assays and enzymatic browning imply that the effectiveness of organic acids can be accurately evaluated only via direct assessment of browning inhibition in a particular food system. Combination of organic acids with physical processing techniques is one of the most viable approaches for PPO inhibition since the observed synergistic effect helps to reduce the undesirable organoleptic quality changes from the use of excessive concentration of organic acids or intense physical processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chengmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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7
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Zolghadri S, Bahrami A, Hassan Khan MT, Munoz-Munoz J, Garcia-Molina F, Garcia-Canovas F, Saboury AA. A comprehensive review on tyrosinase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:279-309. [PMID: 30734608 PMCID: PMC6327992 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1545767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a multi-copper enzyme which is widely distributed in different organisms and plays an important role in the melanogenesis and enzymatic browning. Therefore, its inhibitors can be attractive in cosmetics and medicinal industries as depigmentation agents and also in food and agriculture industries as antibrowning compounds. For this purpose, many natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic inhibitors have been developed by different screening methods to date. This review has focused on the tyrosinase inhibitors discovered from all sources and biochemically characterised in the last four decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Zolghadri
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Asieh Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | | | - J. Munoz-Munoz
- Group of Microbiology, Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University at Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - F. Garcia-Molina
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - F. Garcia-Canovas
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Facile synthesis of new quinazolinone benzamides as potent tyrosinase inhibitors: Comparative spectroscopic and molecular docking studies. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.126915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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9
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Jamali Z, Rezaei Behbehani G, Zare K, Gheibi N. Effect of chrysin omega-3 and 6 fatty acid esters on mushroom tyrosinase activity, stability, and structure. J Food Biochem 2018; 43:e12728. [PMID: 31353554 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The estreification of chrysin with α-Linolenic acid (complex I) and linoleic acid (complex II) poly unsaturated fatty acids resulted to design of new mushroom tyrosinase (MT) inhibitors. Thermodynamic parameters of enzymes, including the melting point (Tm ) and ∆G values, were obtained from thermal and chemical denaturation curves. Complexes I and II showed a competitive inhibitory effect on MT with Ki values of 0.45 and 0.29 mM, respectively. The Tm values were calculated as 328.6, 322.4, and 318 K and the ∆G values as 62.8, 52.9, and 47.1 KJ mol-1 for the enzyme alone and its interaction with complexes I and II, respectively. Intrinsic and extrinsic fluorescence techniques showed structural instability of the enzyme in concomitance with a decrease in the regular secondary structure acquired using CD spectrometry. This data clearly prove that the new derivatives show a stronger inhibitory effect than the separate compounds. Molecular docking analysis showed that the best possible interaction condition was achieved for chrysin with n-6. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: MT is a suitable model in medicine for the investigation of melanogenesis, skin disorders, and hyperpigmentation because of its accessibility and close structural similarity to mammalian tyrosinase. In recent years, the designing of tyrosinase inhibitors from natural substances for prevention of hyperpigmentation in medicine, skin cosmetics, and undesired browning in agriculture and food industry has risen sharply. Many of the pharmaceutical products based on the use of flavonoids and poly unsaturated acids as natural compounds or on their semi-synthetic derivatives have been interested for investigations because of their usefulness in many pathological conditions such as inflammation, cancer, and skin disorders. The limitation of the flavonoids applications are low bioavailability, permeability, and solubility for the cells. In this study, conjugation of chrysin with n-3 and n-6 fatty acids resulted in a stronger inhibitors of MT with a synergic inhibitory effect on its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Jamali
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Karim Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nematollah Gheibi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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10
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Hassani S, Gharechaei B, Nikfard S, Fazli M, Gheibi N, Hardré R, Legge RL, Haghbeen K. New insight into the allosteric effect of L-tyrosine on mushroom tyrosinase during L-dopa production. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:821-829. [PMID: 29621499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Kinetics studies of L-tyrosine (LTy) ortho-hydroxylation by mushroom tyrosinase (MT) confirmed that MT was severely, but not completely, inhibited at higher concentrations of LTy. Despite the availability of the crystal structure reports, no allosteric site has been identified on MT. To examine the assumption that a non-specific binding site works as a regulatory site, docking simulations were run for the second molecule of L-tyrosine (LTy2) on the complexes of the first L-tyrosine molecule (LTy1) with the heavy chain (H) of MT (LTy1/HMT) and its dimer with the light chain (Ty1/LHMT). In both, LTy2 occupied a non-specific binding site (MTPc). MD simulations revealed LTy2/HMT/LTy1 and LTy2/LHMT/LTy1 were stable. Binding free-energy analysis supported the formation of LTy2/HMT/LTy1 and LTy2/LHMT/LTy1 at higher concentrations of LTy and disclosed the importance of ΔEelec and ΔGpolar during binding of LTy2 to MTPc. Upon LTy2 binding to MTPc, the Cu-Cu distance remained unchanged while the spatial position of LTy1 in the active site (MTPa) changed so that it would not be able to participate in ortho-hydroxylation. This study suggests a tuning role for L chain during binding of the ligands to MTPa and MTPc. Given these results, a plausible mechanism was proposed for the MT substrate inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorour Hassani
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box:14965-161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Gharechaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Nikfard
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box:14965-161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Fazli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Nematollah Gheibi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, P.O. Box: 34199-15315, Iran
| | - Renaud Hardré
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Raymond L Legge
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box:14965-161, Tehran, Iran.
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Hassani S, Haghbeen K, Fazli M. Non-specific binding sites help to explain mixed inhibition in mushroom tyrosinase activities. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 122:138-148. [PMID: 27344491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition and activation studies of tyrosinase could prove beneficial to agricultural, food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Although non-competitive and mixed-inhibition are frequent modes observed in kinetics studies on mushroom tyrosinase (MT) activities, the phenomena are left unexplained. In this study, dual effects of phthalic acid (PA) and cinnamic acid (CA) on MT during mono-phenolase activity were demonstrated. PA activated and inhibited MT at concentrations lower and higher than 150 μM, respectively. In contrast, CA inhibited and activated MT at concentrations lower and higher than 5 μM. The mode of inhibition for both effectors was mixed-type. Complex kinetics of MT in the presence of a modulator could partly be ascribed to its mixed-cooperativity. However, to explain mixed-inhibition mode, it is necessary to demonstrate how the ternary complex of substrate/enzyme/effector is formed. Therefore, we looked for possible non-specific binding sites using MT tropolone-bound PDB (2Y9X) in the computational studies. When tropolone was in MTPa (active site), PA and CA occupied different pockets (named MTPb and MTPc, respectively). The close Moldock scores of PA binding posed in MTPb and MTPa suggested that MTPb could be a secondary binding site for PA. Similar results were obtained for CA. Ensuing results from 10 ns molecular dynamics simulations for 2Y9X-effector complexes indicated that the structures were gradually stabilized during simulation. Tunnel analysis by using CAVER Analyst and CHEXVIS resulted in identifying two distinct channels that assumingly participate in exchanging the effectors when the direct channel to MTPa is not accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorour Hassani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- Department of Plant Bioproducts, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Fazli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
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12
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Gheibi N, Hosseini Zavareh S, Rezaei Behbahani GR, Haghbeen K, Sirati-sabet M, Ilghari D, Goodarzvand Chegini K. Comprehensive kinetic and structural studies of different flavonoids inhibiting diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683816030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Genç H, Zengin M, Yavuz E, Gençer N, Arslan O. Synthesis and tyrosinase inhibitory properties of novel isoquinoline urea/thiourea derivatives. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 42:178-85. [DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2013.785953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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14
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Bazl R, Ganjali MR, Derakhshankhah H, Saboury AA, Amanlou M, Norouzi P. Prediction of tyrosinase inhibition for drug design using the genetic algorithm–multiple linear regressions. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Nixha AR, Arslan M, Atalay Y, Gençer N, Ergün A, Arslan O. Synthesis and theoretical calculations of carbazole substituted chalcone urea derivatives and studies their polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:808-15. [PMID: 22803668 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.688040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of carbazole substituted chalcone urea derivatives and their polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity effects on the diphenolase activity of banana tyrosinase were evaluated. Tyrosinase has been purified from banana on an affinity gel comprised of Sepharose 4B-L-tyrosine-p-aminobenzoic acid. The results showed that most of the compounds (3,4,5a,5d-h) inhibited and some of them (5c,5i-l) activated the tyrosinase enzyme activity. The molecular calculations were performed using Gaussian software for the synthesized compounds to explain the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arleta Rifati Nixha
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematical & Natural Sciences, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Republic of Kosova
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16
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The inhibitory effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the monophenolase and diphenolase activities of mushroom tyrosinase. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:3998-4008. [PMID: 21747720 PMCID: PMC3131604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12063998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we investigated the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the monophenolase and diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase. The results showed that diflunisal and indomethacin inhibited both monophenolase and diphenolase activity. For monophenolase activity, the lag time was extended in the presence of diflunisal. In the presence of indomethacin, the lag time did not change. IC50 values of monophenolase activity were estimated to be 0.112 mM (diflunisal) and 1.78 mM (indomethacin). Kinetic studies of monophenolase activity revealed that both diflunisal and indomethacin were non-competitive inhibitors. For diphenolase activity, IC50 values were estimated to be 0.197 mM (diflunisal) and 0.509 mM (indomethacin). Diflunisal and indomethacin were also found to be non-competitive diphenolase inhibitors.
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Guo YJ, Pan ZZ, Chen CQ, Hu YH, Liu FJ, Shi Y, Yan JH, Chen QX. Inhibitory effects of fatty acids on the activity of mushroom tyrosinase. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 162:1564-73. [PMID: 20544305 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-010-8938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of fatty acids, octanoic acid, (2E, 4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid, hexanoic acid, (2E)-but-2-enoic acid, and butyric acid on the activities of mushroom tyrosinase have been investigated. The results showed that the fatty acids can potently inhibit both monophenolase activity and diphenolase activity of tyrosinase, and that the unsaturated fatty acids exhibited stronger inhibitory effect against tyrosinase than the corresponding saturated fatty acids, and the inhibitory effects were enhanced with the extendability of the fatty acid chain. For the monophenolase activity, the fatty acids could not only lengthen the lag period, but also decrease the steady-state activities. For the diphenolase activity, fatty acids displayed reversible inhibition. Kinetic analyses showed that octanoic acid and hexanoic acid were mixed-type inhibitors and (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid and (2E)-but-2-enoic acid were noncompetitive inhibitors. The inhibition constants have been determined and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ji Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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