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Mısır BA, Derin Y, Ökten S, Aydın A, Koçyiğit ÜM, Şahin H, Tutar A. Novel diarylated tacrine derivatives: Synthesis, characterization, anticancer, antiepileptic, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23706. [PMID: 38591869 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, our goal was to synthesize novel aryl tacrine derivatives and assess their potential as anticancer, antibacterial agents, and enzyme inhibitors. We adopted a two-step approach, initiating with the synthesis of dibromotacrine derivatives 3 and 4 through the Friedlander reaction. These intermediates underwent further transformation into diarylated tacrine derivatives 3a-e and 4a-e using a Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. Thorough characterization of these novel diarylated tacrines was achieved using various spectroscopic techniques. Our findings highlighted the potent anticancer effects of these innovative compounds across a range of cancer cell lines, including lung, gynecologic, bone, colon, and breast cancers, while demonstrating low cytotoxicity against normal cells. Notably, these compounds surpassed the control drug, 5-Fluorouracil, in terms of antiproliferative activity in numerous cancer cell lines. Moreover, our investigation included an analysis of the inhibitory properties of these novel compounds against various microorganisms and cytosolic carbonic anhydrase enzymes. The results suggest their potential for further exploration as cancer-specific, enzyme inhibitory, and antibacterial therapeutic agents. Notably, four compounds, namely, 5,7-bis(4-(methylthio)phenyl)tacrine (3d), 5,7-bis(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)tacrine (3e), 2,4-bis(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6H-cyclohepta[b]quinolin-11-amine (4e), and 6,8-dibromotacrine (3), emerged as the most promising candidates for preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra A Mısır
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkiye
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kahramanmaras Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Derin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkiye
| | - Salih Ökten
- Department of Maths and Science Education, Faculty of Education, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkiye
| | - Ali Aydın
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkiye
| | - Ümit M Koçyiğit
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkiye
| | - Hatice Şahin
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkiye
| | - Ahmet Tutar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkiye
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2
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Vaaland IC, López Ó, Puerta A, Fernandes MX, Padrón JM, Fernández-Bolaños JG, Sydnes MO, Lindbäck E. Investigation of the enantioselectivity of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase upon inhibition by tacrine-iminosugar heterodimers. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:349-360. [DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2150762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I. Caroline Vaaland
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Óscar López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Adrián Puerta
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, c/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Miguel X. Fernandes
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, c/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, La Laguna, Spain
| | - José M. Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, c/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Magne O. Sydnes
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Emil Lindbäck
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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3
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Strzyga-Łach P, Chrzanowska A, Kiernozek-Kalińska E, Żyżyńska-Granica B, Podsadni K, Podsadni P, Bielenica A. Proapoptotic effects of halogenated bis-phenylthiourea derivatives in cancer cells. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300105. [PMID: 37401845 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
New halogenated thiourea derivatives were synthesized via the reaction of substituted phenylisothiocyanates with aromatic amines. Their cytotoxic activity was examined in in vitro studies against solid tumors (SW480, SW620, PC3), a hematological malignance (K-562), and normal keratinocytes (HaCaT). Most of the compounds were more effective against SW480 (1a, 3a, 3b, 5j), K-562 (2b, 3a, 4a), or PC3 (5d) cells than cisplatin, with favorable selectivity. Their anticancer mechanisms were studied by Annexin V-fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate apoptosis, caspase-3/caspase-7 assessment, cell cycle analysis, interleukin-6 (IL-6) release inhibition, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation assay. Thioureas 1a, 2b, 3a, and 4a were the most potent activators of early apoptosis in K-562 cells, and substances 1a, 3b, 5j triggered late-apoptosis or necrosis in SW480 cells. This proapoptotic effect was proved by the significant increase of caspase-3/caspase-7 activation. Cell cycle analysis revealed that derivatives 1a, 3a, 5j increased the number of SW480 and K-562 cells in the sub-G1 and/or G0/G1 phases, and one evoked cycle arrest at the G2 phase. The most potent thioureas inhibited IL-6 cytokine secretion from PC3 cells and both colon cancer cell lines. Apoptosis-inducing compounds also increased ROS production in all tumor cell cultures, which may enhance their anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Strzyga-Łach
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Chrzanowska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Katarzyna Podsadni
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Podsadni
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Bielenica
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Finger V, Kucera T, Kafkova R, Muckova L, Dolezal R, Kubes J, Novak M, Prchal L, Lakatos L, Andrs M, Hympanova M, Marek J, Kufa M, Spiwok V, Soukup O, Mezeiova E, Janousek J, Nevosadova L, Benkova M, Kitson RRA, Kratky M, Bősze S, Mikusova K, Hartkoorn R, Roh J, Korabecny J. 2,6-Disubstituted 7-(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)-7H-purines as a new class of potent antitubercular agents inhibiting DprE1. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115611. [PMID: 37421887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic screening of an in-house library of small molecule purine derivatives against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) led to the identification of 2-morpholino-7-(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)-1,7-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one 10 as a potent antimycobacterial agent with MIC99 of 4 μM. Thorough structure-activity relationship studies revealed the importance of 7-(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl) substitution for antimycobacterial activity, yet opened the possibility of structural modifications at positions 2 and 6 of the purine core. As the result, optimized analogues with 6-amino or ethylamino substitution 56 and 64, respectively, were developed. These compounds showed strong in vitro antimycobacterial activity with MIC of 1 μM against Mtb H37Rv and against several clinically isolated drug-resistant strains, had limited toxicity to mammalian cell lines, medium clearance with respect to phase I metabolic deactivation (27 and 16.8 μL/min/mg), sufficient aqueous solubility (>90 μM) and high plasma stability. Interestingly, investigated purines, including compounds 56 and 64, lacked activity against a panel of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains, indicating a specific mycobacterial molecular target. To investigate the mechanism of action, Mtb mutants resistant to hit compound 10 were isolated and their genomes were sequenced. Mutations were found in dprE1 (Rv3790), which encodes decaprenylphosphoryl-β-d-ribose oxidase DprE1, enzyme essential for the biosynthesis of arabinose, a vital component of the mycobacterial cell wall. Inhibition of DprE1 by 2,6-disubstituted 7-(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)-7H-purines was proved using radiolabelling experiments in Mtb H37Rv in vitro. Finally, structure-binding relationships between selected purines and DprE1 using molecular modeling studies in tandem with molecular dynamic simulations revealed the key structural features for effective drug-target interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Finger
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Kucera
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska, 1575, 500 01, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Kafkova
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská Dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubica Muckova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska, 1575, 500 01, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Rafael Dolezal
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubes
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Novak
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Prchal
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Levente Lakatos
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary; National Public Health Center, Albert Flórián út 2-6, Budapest, 1097, Hungary
| | - Martin Andrs
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Hympanova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska, 1575, 500 01, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Marek
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska, 1575, 500 01, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kufa
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Spiwok
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Mezeiova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Janousek
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Nevosadova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Benkova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Russell R A Kitson
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kratky
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary; National Public Health Center, Albert Flórián út 2-6, Budapest, 1097, Hungary
| | - Katarina Mikusova
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská Dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ruben Hartkoorn
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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5
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Wu L, Liu W, Huang Y, Zhu C, Ma Q, Wu Q, Tian L, Feng X, Liu M, Wang N, Xu X, Liu X, Xu C, Qiu J, Xu Z, Liu W, Zhao Q. Development and structure-activity relationship of tacrine derivatives as highly potent CDK2/9 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 242:114701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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6
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Weng T, Wang L, Liu Y, Zhang X, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Han J, Liu M. Interaction of bisdemethoxycurcumin with sodium dodecyl sarcosine + Tween 20/Tween 60 mixed surfactants: Insights from multispectral analysis and solubilization effect. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Discovery of Novel Tacrine Derivatives as Potent Antiproliferative Agents with CDKs Inhibitory Property. Bioorg Chem 2022; 126:105875. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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8
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Liu W, Huang Y, Wu L, Liu W, Jiang X, Xu Z, Zhao Q. Novel tacrine derivatives as potential CDK9 inhibitors with low cholinesterase inhibitory properties: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03667c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel tacrine derivative ZLWT-48 possessed potent CDK9 inhibition activity (8.639 nM) and good selectivity over CDK2 (SI > 57).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Liu
- Teaching Hospital of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, People's Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoguang Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Limeng Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihua Xu
- Teaching Hospital of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingchun Zhao
- Teaching Hospital of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, People's Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
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9
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Kozurkova M. Acridine derivatives as inhibitors/poisons of topoisomerase II. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:544-552. [PMID: 34514603 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The potential of acridines (amsacrine) as a topoisomerase II inhibitor or poison was first discovered in 1984, and since then, a considerable number of acridine derivatives have been tested as topoisomerase inhibitors/poisons, containing different substituents on the acridine chromophore. This review will discuss a series of studies published over the course of the last decade, which have investigated various novel acridine derivatives against topoisomerase II activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kozurkova
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic.,Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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10
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Maria, Khan Z, Kuznetsov AE. Combinatorial library design and virtual screening of cryptolepine derivatives against topoisomerase IIA by molecular docking and DFT studies. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2020-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Various computational approaches have received ever-growing role in the design of potential inhibitors of the topoisomerase 2 (TOP2A) for cancer treatment. TOP2A plays a key role in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication before cell division and thus facilitates the growth of cells. This TOP2A function can be suppressed by targeting it with potential inhibitors in cancer cells to terminate the uncontrolled cell division. Among potential inhibitors, cryptolepine has higher selectivity along with the ability to intercalate into DNA, effectively blocking TOP2A and ceasing cell division in cancer cells. However, this compound has drawbacks of being nonspecific and possessing relatively low affinity. Therefore, a combinatorial library of 31,114 cryptolepine derivatives was designed and virtually screened by molecular docking to predict the molecular interactions between the cryptolepine derivatives and TOP2A using cryptolepine as a standard. All the binding poses of cryptolepine derivatives for TOP2A were investigated to calculate binding energy. The compounds with the database numbers 8618, 907, 147, 16755, and 8186 scored the highest binding energies, −9.88, −9.76, −9.75, −9.73, and −9.72 kcal/mol, respectively, and the highest binding affinities while the cryptolepine binding energy is −6.09 kcal/mol. The strong binding interactions of these derivatives show that they can be used as potent TOP2A inhibitors and act as more effective anticancer agents than cryptolepine itself. The interactions of these derivatives with different amino acid residues were also observed and analyzed. A comprehensive understanding of the interactions of the proposed derivatives with TOP2A helped for searching more novel and potent drug-like molecules for anticancer therapy. This computational study suggests useful references to understand inhibition mechanisms that will help in the further modifications of TOP2A inhibitors. Moreover, the DFT study of the derivatives with the highest binding energies was performed, helping to further understand the binding affinities of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria
- Biochemistry Section , Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Zahid Khan
- Biochemistry Section , Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Aleksey E. Kuznetsov
- Departamento de Química , Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María , Av. Santa María 6400, Vitacura , 7660251 , Santiago , Chile
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Abstract
The enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a serine hydrolase whose primary function is to degrade acetylcholine (ACh) and terminate neurotransmission. Apart from its role in synaptic transmission, AChE has several "non-classical" functions in non-neuronal cells. AChE is involved in cellular growth, apoptosis, drug resistance pathways, response to stress signals and inflammation. The observation that the functional activity of AChE is altered in human tumors (relative to adjacent matched normal tissue) has raised several intriguing questions about its role in the pathophysiology of human cancers. Published reports show that AChE is a vital regulator of oncogenic signaling pathways involving proliferation, differentiation, cell-cell adhesion, migration, invasion and metastasis of primary tumors. The objective of this book chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview of the contributions of the AChE-signaling pathway in the growth of progression of human cancers. The AChE isoforms, AChE-T, AChE-R and AChE-S are robustly expressed in human cancer cell lines as well in human tumors (isolated from patients). Traditionally, AChE-modulators have been used in the clinic for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Emerging studies reveal that these drugs could be repurposed for the treatment of human cancers. The discovery of potent, selective AChE ligands will provide new knowledge about AChE-regulatory pathways in human cancers and foster the hope of novel therapies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Richbart
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Justin C Merritt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Nicholas A Nolan
- West Virginia University Medical School, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Piyali Dasgupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States.
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12
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Design and synthesis of novel tacrine-indole hybrids as potential multitarget-directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:785-804. [PMID: 33829876 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors report on the synthesis and biological evaluation of new compounds whose structure combines tacrine and indole moieties. Tacrine-indole heterodimers were designed to inhibit cholinesterases and β-amyloid formation, and to cross the blood-brain barrier. The most potent new acetylcholinesterase inhibitors were compounds 3c and 4d (IC50 = 25 and 39 nM, respectively). Compound 3c displayed considerably higher selectivity for acetylcholinesterase relative to human plasma butyrylcholinesterase in comparison to compound 4d (selectivity index: IC50 [butyrylcholinesterase]/IC50 [acetylcholinesterase] = 3 and 0.6, respectively). Furthermore, compound 3c inhibited β-amyloid-dependent amyloid nucleation in the yeast-based prion nucleation assay and displayed no dsDNA destabilizing interactions with DNA. Compounds 3c and 4d displayed a high probability of crossing the blood-brain barrier. The results support the potential of 3c for future development as a dual-acting therapeutic agent in the prevention and/or treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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13
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Konkoľová E, Hudáčová M, Hamuľaková S, Jendželovský R, Vargová J, Ševc J, Fedoročko P, Kožurková M. Tacrine-Coumarin Derivatives as Topoisomerase Inhibitors with Antitumor Effects on A549 Human Lung Carcinoma Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041133. [PMID: 33672694 PMCID: PMC7924348 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A549 human lung carcinoma cell lines were treated with a series of new drugs with both tacrine and coumarin pharmacophores (derivatives 1a–2c) in order to test the compounds’ ability to inhibit both cancer cell growth and topoisomerase I and II activity. The ability of human topoisomerase I (hTOPI) and II to relax supercoiled plasmid DNA in the presence of various concentrations of the tacrine-coumarin hybrid molecules was studied with agarose gel electrophoresis. The biological activities of the derivatives were studied using MTT assays, clonogenic assays, cell cycle analysis and quantification of cell number and viability. The content and localization of the derivatives in the cells were analysed using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. All of the studied compounds were found to have inhibited topoisomerase I activity completely. The effect of the tacrine-coumarin hybrid compounds on cancer cells is likely to be dependent on the length of the chain between the tacrine and coumarin moieties (1c, 1d = tacrine-(CH2)8–9-coumarin). The most active of the tested compounds, derivatives 1c and 1d, both display longer chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Konkoľová
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Kosice, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo námestí 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Hudáčová
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Kosice, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Slávka Hamuľaková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Rastislav Jendželovský
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jana Vargová
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Ševc
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Fedoročko
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mária Kožurková
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Kosice, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Model Amphipathic Peptide Coupled with Tacrine to Improve Its Antiproliferative Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010242. [PMID: 33383645 PMCID: PMC7795729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing and drug combination are two strategies that have been widely used to overcome the traditional development of new anticancer drugs. Several FDA-approved drugs for other indications have been tested and have demonstrated beneficial anticancer effects. In this connection, our research group recently reported that Tacrine, used to treat Alzheimer's Disease, inhibits the growth of breast cancer MCF-7 cells both alone and in combination with a reference drug. In this view, we have now coupled Tacrine with the model amphipathic cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) MAP, to ascertain whether coupling of the CPP might enhance the drug's antiproliferative properties. To this end, we synthesized MAP through solid-phase peptide synthesis, coupled it with Tacrine, and made a comparative evaluation of the parent drug, peptide, and the conjugate regarding their permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in vitro, and antiproliferative activity on cancer cells. Both MAP and its Tacrine conjugate were highly toxic to MCF-7 and SH-SY5Y cells. In turn, BBB-permeability studies were inconclusive, and conjugation to the CPP led to a considerable loss of Tacrine function as an AChE inhibitor. Nonetheless, this work reinforces the potential of repurposing Tacrine for cancer and enhances the antiproliferative activity of this drug through its conjugation to a CPP.
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Antimicrobial activity and DNA/HSA interaction of fluorinated 3,6,9-trisubstituted acridines. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Nunhart P, Konkoľová E, Janovec L, Jendželovský R, Vargová J, Ševc J, Matejová M, Miltáková B, Fedoročko P, Kozurkova M. Fluorinated 3,6,9-trisubstituted acridine derivatives as DNA interacting agents and topoisomerase inhibitors with A549 antiproliferative activity. Bioorg Chem 2020; 94:103393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Varghese SS, Ghosh SK. Stress-responsive Entamoeba topoisomerase II: a potential antiamoebic target. FEBS Lett 2019; 594:1005-1020. [PMID: 31724164 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerases, the ubiquitous enzymes involved in all DNA processes across the biological world, are targets for various anticancer and antimicrobial agents. In Entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of amebiasis, we found one of seven unexplored putative topoisomerases to be highly upregulated during heat shock and oxidative stress, and also during the late hours of encystation. Further analysis revealed the upregulated enzyme to be a eukaryotic type IIA topoisomerase (TopoII) with demonstrable activity in vitro. This enzyme is localized to newly forming nuclei during encystation. Gene silencing of the TopoII reduces viability and encystation efficiency. Notable susceptibility of Entamoeba TopoII to prokaryotic topoisomerase inhibitors opens up the possibility for exploring this enzyme as a new antiamoebic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Susan Varghese
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Sudip Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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