1
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Youse MS, Holly KJ, Flaherty DP. Neisseria gonorrhoeae carbonic anhydrase inhibition. Enzymes 2024; 55:243-281. [PMID: 39222993 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are ubiquitous enzymes that are found in all kingdoms of life. Though different classes of CAs vary in their roles and structures, their primary function is to catalyze the reaction between carbon dioxide and water to produce bicarbonate and a proton. Neisseria gonorrhoeae encodes for three distinct CAs (NgCAs) from three different families: an α-, a β-, and a γ-isoform. This chapter details the differences between the three NgCAs, summarizing their subcellular locations, roles, essentiality, structures, and enzyme kinetics. These bacterial enzymes have the potential to be drug targets; thus, previous studies have investigated the inhibition of NgCAs-primarily the α-isoform. Therefore, the classes of inhibitors that have been shown to bind to the NgCAs will be discussed as well. These classes include traditional CA inhibitors, such as sulfonamides, phenols, and coumarins, as well as non-traditional inhibitors including anions and thiocarbamates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly S Youse
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Katrina J Holly
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Daniel P Flaherty
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
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2
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Haapanen S, Angeli A, Tolvanen M, Emameh RZ, Supuran CT, Parkkila S. Cloning, characterization, and inhibition of the novel β-carbonic anhydrase from parasitic blood fluke, Schistosoma mansoni. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2184299. [PMID: 36856011 PMCID: PMC9980027 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2184299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma mansoni is an intestinal parasite with one β-class carbonic anhydrase, SmaBCA. We report the sequence enhancing, production, catalytic activity, and inhibition results of the recombinant SmaBCA. It showed significant catalytic activity on CO2 hydration in vitro with kcat 1.38 × 105 s-1 and kcat/Km 2.33 × 107 M-1 s-1. Several sulphonamide inhibitors, from which many are clinically used, showed submicromolar or nanomolar inhibitory effects on SmaBCA. The most efficient inhibitor with a KI of 43.8 nM was 4-(2-amino-pyrimidine-4-yl)-benzenesulfonamide. Other effective inhibitors with KIs in the range of 79.4-95.9 nM were benzolamide, brinzolamide, topiramate, dorzolamide, saccharin, epacadostat, celecoxib, and famotidine. The other tested compounds showed at least micromolar range inhibition against SmaBCA. Our results introduce SmaBCA as a novel target for drug development against schistosomiasis, a highly prevalent parasitic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Haapanen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,CONTACT Susanna Haapanen Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33520, Finland
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Martti Tolvanen
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Reza Zolfaghari Emameh
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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3
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Supuran CT. A simple yet multifaceted 90 years old, evergreen enzyme: Carbonic anhydrase, its inhibition and activation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 93:129411. [PMID: 37507055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) research over the last three decades are presented, with an emphasis on the deciphering of the activation mechanism, the development of isoform-selective inhibitors/ activators by the tail approach and their applications in the management of obesity, hypoxic tumors, neurological conditions, and as antiinfectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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4
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de Oliveira Maciel A, Christakopoulos P, Rova U, Antonopoulou I. Carbonic anhydrase to boost CO 2 sequestration: Improving carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134419. [PMID: 35364080 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CO2 Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) is a fundamental strategy to mitigate climate change, and carbon sequestration, through absorption, can be one of the solutions to achieving this goal. In nature, carbonic anhydrase (CA) catalyzes the CO2 hydration to bicarbonates. Targeting the development of novel biotechnological routes which can compete with traditional CO2 absorption methods, CA utilization has presented a potential to expand as a promising catalyst for CCUS applications. Driven by this feature, the search for novel CAs as biocatalysts and the utilization of enzyme improvement techniques, such as protein engineering and immobilization methods, has resulted in suitable variants able to catalyze CO2 absorption at relevant industrial conditions. Limitations related to enzyme recovery and recyclability are still a concern in the field, affecting cost efficiency. Under different absorption approaches, CA enhances both kinetics and CO2 absorption yields, besides reduced energy consumption. However, efforts directed to process optimization and demonstrative plants are still limited. A recent topic with great potential for development is the CA utilization in accelerated weathering, where industrial residues could be re-purposed towards becoming carbon sequestrating agents. Furthermore, research of new solvents has identified potential candidates for integration with CA in CO2 capture, and through techno-economic assessments, CA can be a path to increase the competitiveness of alternative CO2 absorption systems, offering lower environmental costs. This review provides a favorable scenario combining the enzyme and CO2 capture, with possibilities in reaching an industrial-like stage in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayanne de Oliveira Maciel
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Io Antonopoulou
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden.
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5
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Aspatwar A, Barker H, Aisala H, Zueva K, Kuuslahti M, Tolvanen M, Primmer CR, Lumme J, Bonardi A, Tripathi A, Parkkila S, Supuran CT. Cloning, purification, kinetic and anion inhibition studies of a recombinant β-carbonic anhydrase from the Atlantic salmon parasite platyhelminth Gyrodactylus salaris. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1577-1586. [PMID: 35637617 PMCID: PMC9176631 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2080818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A β-class carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) was cloned from the genome of the Monogenean platyhelminth Gyrodactylus salaris, a parasite of Atlantic salmon. The new enzyme, GsaCAβ has a significant catalytic activity for the physiological reaction, CO2 + H2O ⇋ HCO3− + H+ with a kcat of 1.1 × 105 s−1 and a kcat/Km of 7.58 × 106 M−1 × s−1. This activity was inhibited by acetazolamide (KI of 0.46 µM), a sulphonamide in clinical use, as well as by selected inorganic anions and small molecules. Most tested anions inhibited GsaCAβ at millimolar concentrations, but sulfamide (KI of 81 µM), N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate (KI of 67 µM) and sulphamic acid (KI of 6.2 µM) showed a rather efficient inhibitory action. There are currently very few non-toxic agents effective in combating this parasite. GsaCAβ is subsequently proposed as a new drug target for which effective inhibitors can be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Harlan Barker
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heidi Aisala
- Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ksenia Zueva
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marianne Kuuslahti
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Martti Tolvanen
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Craig R Primmer
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Lumme
- Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Amit Tripathi
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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6
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Tanini D, Capperucci A, Locuoco M, Ferraroni M, Costantino G, Angeli A, Supuran CT. Benzoselenoates: A novel class of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2022; 122:105751. [PMID: 35344894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of benzoselenoates has been prepared and their inhibitory properties against the most relevant human Carbonic Anhydrases (CAs) isoforms, among which hCA I, II, IV, VII, IX, and XII were investigated. These inhibitors were designed considering the carboxylates and mono-/dithiocarbamates as lead and led to the observation that the COSe- is a new zinc-binding group (ZBG) for metalloenzymes possessing zinc ions at their active site. The substitution pattern on aromatic ring of the benzoselenoates is the crucial structural element influencing selectivity towards various isoforms. We elucidated the binding mode of benzoselenoates to hCA I and hCA II by using X-ray crystallography. The negatively charged selenium atom from the new ZBG was observed coordinated to the zinc ion from the CA active site at a distance of 2.30-2.40 Å from it. Overall, these data might be useful for the development of new inhibitors with higher selectivity and efficacy for various hCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Tanini
- University of Florence, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Antonella Capperucci
- University of Florence, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maria Locuoco
- University of Florence, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marta Ferraroni
- University of Florence, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gabriele Costantino
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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7
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Dang Y, Wei Y, Batool W, Sun X, Li X, Zhang SH. Contribution of the Mitochondrial Carbonic Anhydrase (MoCA1) to Conidiogenesis and Pathogenesis in Magnaporthe oryzae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:845570. [PMID: 35250959 PMCID: PMC8891501 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.845570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The interconversion of CO2 and HCO3− catalyzed by carbonic anhydrases (CAs) is a fundamental biochemical process in organisms. During mammalian–pathogen interaction, both host and pathogen CAs play vital roles in resistance and pathogenesis; during planta–pathogen interaction, however, plant CAs function in host resistance but whether pathogen CAs are involved in pathogenesis is unknown. Here, we biologically characterized the Magnaporthe oryzae CA (MoCA1). Through detecting the DsRED-tagged proteins, we observed the fusion MoCA1 in the mitochondria of M. oryzae. Together with the measurement of CA activity, we confirmed that MoCA1 is a mitochondrial zinc-binding CA. MoCA1 expression, upregulated with H2O2 or NaHCO3 treatment, also showed a drastic upregulation during conidiogenesis and pathogenesis. When MoCA1 was deleted, the mutant ΔMoCA1 was defective in conidiophore development and pathogenicity. 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining indicated that more H2O2 accumulated in ΔMoCA1; accordingly, ATPase genes were downregulated and ATP content decreased in ΔMoCA1. Summarily, our data proved the involvement of the mitochondrial MoCA1 in conidiogenesis and pathogenesis in the rice blast fungus. Considering the previously reported HCO3− transporter MoAE4, we propose that MoCA1 in cooperation with MoAE4 constitutes a HCO3− homeostasis-mediated disease pathway, in which MoCA1 and MoAE4 can be a drug target for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejia Dang
- Center for Extreme-Environmental Microorganisms, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Center for Extreme-Environmental Microorganisms, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wajjiha Batool
- Center for Extreme-Environmental Microorganisms, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xicen Sun
- Center for Extreme-Environmental Microorganisms, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Center for Extreme-Environmental Microorganisms, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shi-Hong Zhang
- Center for Extreme-Environmental Microorganisms, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shi-Hong Zhang,
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8
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Giovannuzzi S, De Luca V, Nocentini A, Capasso C, Supuran CT. Coumarins inhibit η-class carbonic anhydrase from Plasmodium falciparum. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:680-685. [PMID: 35139744 PMCID: PMC8843172 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2036986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumarins were discovered to act as inhibitors of α-carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) after undergoing hydrolysis mediated by the esterase activity of the enzyme to the corresponding 2-hydroxycinnamic acids. Other classes of CAs among the eight currently known do not possess esterase activity or this activity was poorly investigated. Hence, we decided to look at the potential of coumarins as inhibitors of the η-CA from the malaria-producing protozoan Plasmodium falciparum, PfaCA. A panel of simple coumarins incorporating hydroxyl, amino, ketone or carboxylic acid ester moieties in various positions of the ring system acted as low to medium micromolar PfaCA inhibitors, whereas their affinities for the cytosolic off-target human isoforms hCA I and II were in a much higher range. Thus, we confirm that η-CAs possess esterase activity and that coumarins effectively inhibit this enzyme. Elaboration of the simple coumarin scaffolds investigated here may probably lead to more effective PfaCA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Giovannuzzi
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto, Italy
| | - Viviana De Luca
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto, Italy
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9
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Giovannuzzi S, Abutaleb NS, Hewitt CS, Carta F, Nocentini A, Seleem MN, Flaherty DP, Supuran CT. Dithiocarbamates effectively inhibit the α-carbonic anhydrase from Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 37:1-8. [PMID: 34894954 PMCID: PMC8667944 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1988945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, inorganic anions and sulphonamides, two of the main classes of zinc-binding carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs), were investigated for inhibition of the α-class carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) from Neisseria gonorrhoeae, NgCA. As an extension to our previous studies, we report that dithiocarbamates (DTCs) derived from primary or secondary amines constitute a class of efficient inhibitors of NgCA. KIs ranging between 83.7 and 827 nM were measured for a series of 31 DTCs that incorporated various aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic scaffolds. A subset of DTCs were selected for antimicrobial testing against N. gonorrhoeae, and three molecules displayed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values less than or equal to 8 µg/mL. As NgCA was recently validated as an antibacterial drug target, the DTCs may lead to development of novel antigonococcal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Giovannuzzi
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Nader S Abutaleb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Chad S Hewitt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Daniel P Flaherty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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10
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Urbański LJ, Angeli A, Mykuliak VV, Azizi L, Kuuslahti M, Hytönen VP, Supuran CT, Parkkila S. Biochemical and structural characterization of beta-carbonic anhydrase from the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 100:115-124. [PMID: 34652457 PMCID: PMC8724216 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Trichomonas vaginalis is a unicellular parasite and responsible for one of the most common sexually transmittable infections worldwide, trichomoniasis. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are enzymes found in all lifeforms and are known to play a vital role in many biochemical processes in organisms including the maintenance of acid–base homeostasis. To date, eight evolutionarily divergent but functionally convergent forms of CAs (α, β, γ, δ, ζ, η, θ, and ι) have been discovered. The human genome contains only α-CAs, whereas many clinically significant pathogens express only β-CAs and/or γ-CAs. The characterization of pathogenic β- and γ-CAs provides important knowledge for targeting these biomolecules to develop novel anti-invectives against trichomoniasis. Here, we report the recombinant production and characterization of the second β-CA of T. vaginalis (TvaCA2). Light scattering analysis revealed that TvaCA2 is a dimeric protein, which was further supported with in silico modeling, suggesting similar structures between TvaCA2 and the first β-CA of T. vaginalis (TvaCA1). TvaCA2 exhibited moderate catalytic activity with the following kinetic parameters: kcat of 3.8 × 105 s−1 and kcat/KM of 4.4 × 107 M−1 s−1. Enzyme activity inhibition was studied with a set of clinically used sulfonamides and sulfonamide derivates. Twenty-seven out of the 39 compounds resulted in inhibition with a nanomolar range. These initial results encourage for future work entailing the design of more potent inhibitors against TvaCA2, which may provide new assets to fight trichomoniasis. Key messages • Protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis has two β-carbonic anhydrases (TvaCA1/2). • TvaCA1/TvaCA2 represents promising targets for antitrichomonal drug development. • TvaCA2 is a dimer of 20.3 kDa and possesses moderate catalytic activity. • The most efficient inhibitor was clinical drug acetazolamide with KI of 222.9 nM. • The 39 tested sulfonamides form the basis for the design of more potent inhibitors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00109-021-02148-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Urbański
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione Di Chimica Farmaceutica E Nutraceutica, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Vasyl V Mykuliak
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Latifeh Azizi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marianne Kuuslahti
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Arvo Ylpön katu 4, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione Di Chimica Farmaceutica E Nutraceutica, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Arvo Ylpön katu 4, 33520, Tampere, Finland
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11
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Angeli A, Urbański LJ, Hytönen VP, Parkkila S, Supuran CT. Activation of the β-carbonic anhydrase from the protozoan pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis with amines and amino acids. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:758-763. [PMID: 33715570 PMCID: PMC7952076 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1897802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first activation study of the β-class carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) encoded in the genome of the protozoan pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis, TvaCA1. Among 24 amino acid and amine activators investigated, derivatives incorporating a second carboxylic moiety, such as L-Asp, L- and D-Glu, were devoid of activating effects up to concentrations of 50 µM within the assay system, whereas the corresponding compounds with a CONH2 moiety, i.e. L-Gln and L-Asn showed modest activating effects, with activation constants in the range of 26.9 − 32.5 µM. Moderate activation was observed with L- and D-DOPA, histamine, dopamine, serotonin, (2-Aminoethyl)pyridine/piperazine and morpholine (KA‘s ranging between 8.3 and 14.5 µM), while the best activators were L-and D-Trp, L-and D-Tyr and 4-amino-Phe, which showed KA‘s ranging between 3.0 and 5.1 µM. Understanding in detail the activation mechanism of β-CAs may be relevant for the design of enzyme activity modulators with potential clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Linda J Urbański
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
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12
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Urbanski LJ, Vullo D, Parkkila S, Supuran CT. An anion and small molecule inhibition study of the β-carbonic anhydrase from Staphylococcus aureus. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1088-1092. [PMID: 34056990 PMCID: PMC8168783 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1931863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria resistant to most antibiotics, including the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) represent a serious medical problem. The search for new antiinfectives, possessing a diverse mechanism of action compared to the clinically used antibiotics, has become an attractive research field. S. aureus DNA encodes a β-class carbonic anhydrase, SauBCA. It is a druggable target that can be inhibited by certain aromatic and heterocyclic sulphonamides. Here we investigated inorganic anions and some other small molecules for their inhibition of SauBCA. The halides, nitrite, nitrate, bicarbonate, carbonate, bisulphite, sulphate, stannate, and N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate were submillimolar SauBCA inhibitors with KIs in the range of 0.26 − 0.91 mM. The most effective inhibitors were sulfamide, sulfamate, phenylboronic acid, and phenylarsonic acid with KIs of 7 − 43 µM. Several interesting inhibitors detected here may be considered lead compounds for the development of even more effective derivatives, which should be investigated for their bacteriostatic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Urbanski
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
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13
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Nocentini A, Hewitt CS, Mastrolorenzo MD, Flaherty DP, Supuran CT. Anion inhibition studies of the α-carbonic anhydrases from Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1061-1066. [PMID: 34030562 PMCID: PMC8158254 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1929202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae encodes for an α-class carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), NgCA, which was investigated for its inhibition with a series of inorganic and organic anions. Perchlorate and hexafluorophosphate did not significantly inhibit NgCA CO2 hydrase activity, whereas the halides, azide, bicarbonate, carbonate, stannate, perosmate, diphosphate, divanadate, perruthenate, and trifluoromethanesulfonate showed inhibition constants in the range of 1.3–9.6 mM. Anions/small molecules such as cyanate, thiocyanate, nitrite, nitrate, bisulphite, sulphate, hydrogensulfide, phenylboronic acid, phenylarsonic acid, selenate, tellurate, tetraborate, perrhenate, peroxydisulfate, selenocyanate, iminodisulfonate, and fluorosulfonate showed KIs in the range of 0.15–1.0 mM. The most effective inhibitors detected in this study were sulfamide, sulfamate, trithiocarbonate and N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate, which had KIs in the range of 5.1–88 µM. These last compounds incorporating the CS2- zinc-binding group may be used as leads for developing even more effective NgCA inhibitors in addition to the aromatic/heterocyclic sulphonamides, as this enzyme was recently validated as an antibacterial drug target for obtaining novel antigonococcal agents
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Chad S Hewitt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Margaret D Mastrolorenzo
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Daniel P Flaherty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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14
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Miyamoto Y, Aggarwal S, Celaje JJA, Ihara S, Ang J, Eremin DB, Land KM, Wrischnik LA, Zhang L, Fokin VV, Eckmann L. Gold(I) Phosphine Derivatives with Improved Selectivity as Topically Active Drug Leads to Overcome 5-Nitroheterocyclic Drug Resistance in Trichomonas vaginalis. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6608-6620. [PMID: 33974434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis causes the most common, nonviral sexually transmitted infection. Only metronidazole (Mz) and tinidazole are approved for treating trichomoniasis, yet resistance is a clinical problem. The gold(I) complex, auranofin, is active against T. vaginalis and other protozoa but has significant human toxicity. In a systematic structure-activity exploration, we show here that diversification of gold(I) complexes, particularly as halides with simple C1-C3 trialkyl phosphines or as bistrialkyl phosphine complexes, can markedly improve potency against T. vaginalis and selectivity over human cells compared to that of the existing antirheumatic gold(I) drugs. All gold(I) complexes inhibited the two most abundant isoforms of the presumed target enzyme, thioredoxin reductase, but a subset of compounds were markedly more active against live T. vaginalis than the enzyme, suggesting that alternative targets exist. Furthermore, all tested gold(I) complexes acted independently of Mz and were able to overcome Mz resistance, making them candidates for the treatment of Mz-refractory trichomoniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Miyamoto
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Shubhangi Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Jeff Joseph A Celaje
- Department of Chemistry, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Sozaburo Ihara
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jonathan Ang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Dmitry B Eremin
- Department of Chemistry, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Kirkwood M Land
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Lisa A Wrischnik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Valery V Fokin
- Department of Chemistry, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Lars Eckmann
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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15
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Petreni A, De Luca V, Scaloni A, Nocentini A, Capasso C, Supuran CT. Anion inhibition studies of the Zn(II)-bound ι-carbonic anhydrase from the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia territorii. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:372-376. [PMID: 33390061 PMCID: PMC7782983 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1867122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia territorii, a Gram-negative bacterium, encodes for the ι-class carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) BteCAι, which was recently characterised. It acts as a good catalyst for the hydration of CO2 to bicarbonate and protons, with a kcat value of 3.0 × 105 s-1 and kcat/KM value of 3.9 × 107 M-1 s-1. No inhibition data on this new class of enzymes are available to date. We report here an anion and small molecules inhibition study of BteCAι, which we prove to be a zinc(II)- and not manganese(II)-containing enzyme, as reported for diatom ι-CAs. The best inhibitors were sulphamic acid, stannate, phenylarsonic acid, phenylboronic acid and sulfamide (KI values of 6.2-94 µM), whereas diethyldithiocarbamate, tellurate, selenate, bicarbonate and cyanate were submillimolar inhibitors (KI values of 0.71-0.94 mM). The halides (except iodide), thiocyanate, nitrite, nitrate, carbonate, bisulphite, sulphate, hydrogensulfide, peroxydisulfate, selenocyanate, fluorosulfonate and trithiocarbonate showed KI values in the range of 3.1-9.3 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Petreni
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Firenze, Italy
| | - Viviana De Luca
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy.,Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Firenze, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Firenze, Italy
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16
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Urbański LJ, Angeli A, Hytönen VP, Di Fiore A, De Simone G, Parkkila S, Supuran CT. Inhibition of the β-carbonic anhydrase from the protozoan pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis with sulphonamides. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 36:329-334. [PMID: 33356653 PMCID: PMC7782162 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1863958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulphonamides and their isosteres are classical inhibitors of the carbonic anhydrase (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) metalloenzymes. The protozoan pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis encodes two such enzymes belonging to the β-class, TvaCA1 and TvaCA2. Here we report the first sulphonamide inhibition study of TvaCA1, with a series of simple aromatic/heterocyclic primary sulphonamides as well as with clinically approved/investigational drugs for a range of pathologies (diuretics, antiglaucoma, antiepileptic, antiobesity, and antitumor drugs). TvaCA1 was effectively inhibited by acetazolamide and ethoxzolamide, with KIs of 391 and 283 nM, respectively, whereas many other simple or clinically used sulphonamides were micromolar inhibitors or did not efficiently inhibit the enzyme. Finding more effective TvaCA1 inhibitors may constitute an innovative approach for fighting trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection, caused by T. vaginalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Urbański
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anna Di Fiore
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging of the National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Simone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging of the National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
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17
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Urbański LJ, Angeli A, Hytönen VP, Di Fiore A, Parkkila S, De Simone G, Supuran CT. Inhibition of the newly discovered β‑carbonic anhydrase from the protozoan pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis with inorganic anions and small molecules. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 213:111274. [PMID: 33068968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The protozoan pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis encodes two carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) belonging to the β-class. One of these enzymes, T. vaginalis carbonic anhydrase 1 (TvaCA1), was recently cloned and characterized by our group, and its X-ray crystal structure reported. No inhibitors of this enzyme were reported up until now. Here we investigated the inhibition of TvaCA1 with inorganic anions and small molecules and observed that thiocyanate, cyanide, selenite, selenocyanate and divanadate are sub-millimolar inhibitors, whereas sulfamide, sulfate, phenylboronic acid and phenylarsonic acid are micromolar inhibitors. Finding effective TvaCA1 inhibitors may be useful for developing new antiprotozoan drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Urbański
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Ltd., Arvo Ylpön katu 4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Anna Di Fiore
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging of the National Research Council, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Ltd., Arvo Ylpön katu 4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Giuseppina De Simone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging of the National Research Council, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
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