1
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Barresi E, Baglini E, Poggetti V, Castagnoli J, Giorgini D, Salerno S, Taliani S, Da Settimo F. Indole-Based Compounds in the Development of Anti-Neurodegenerative Agents. Molecules 2024; 29:2127. [PMID: 38731618 PMCID: PMC11085553 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a gradual decay process leading to the depletion of neurons in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, ultimately resulting in cognitive dysfunctions and the deterioration of brain functions, alongside a decline in motor skills and behavioral capabilities. Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) impose a substantial socio-economic strain on society, aggravated by the advancing age of the world population and the absence of effective remedies, predicting a negative future. In this context, the urgency of discovering viable therapies is critical and, despite significant efforts by medicinal chemists in developing potential drug candidates and exploring various small molecules as therapeutics, regrettably, a truly effective treatment is yet to be found. Nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, and particularly those containing the indole nucleus, which has emerged as privileged scaffold, have attracted particular attention for a variety of pharmacological applications. This review analyzes the rational design strategy adopted by different research groups for the development of anti-neurodegenerative indole-based compounds which have the potential to modulate various molecular targets involved in NDs, with reference to the most recent advances between 2018 and 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Barresi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.B.); (V.P.); (J.C.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Emma Baglini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, CNR Research Area, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Valeria Poggetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.B.); (V.P.); (J.C.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Jacopo Castagnoli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.B.); (V.P.); (J.C.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Doralice Giorgini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Silvia Salerno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.B.); (V.P.); (J.C.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Sabrina Taliani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.B.); (V.P.); (J.C.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Federico Da Settimo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.B.); (V.P.); (J.C.); (F.D.S.)
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2
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Mayo P, Pascual J, Crisman E, Domínguez C, López MG, León R. Innovative pathological network-based multitarget approaches for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38678582 DOI: 10.1002/med.22045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and is a major health threat globally. Its prevalence is forecasted to exponentially increase during the next 30 years due to the global aging population. Currently, approved drugs are merely symptomatic, being ineffective in delaying or blocking the relentless disease advance. Intensive AD research describes this disease as a highly complex multifactorial disease. Disclosure of novel pathological pathways and their interconnections has had a major impact on medicinal chemistry drug development for AD over the last two decades. The complex network of pathological events involved in the onset of the disease has prompted the development of multitarget drugs. These chemical entities combine pharmacological activities toward two or more drug targets of interest. These multitarget-directed ligands are proposed to modify different nodes in the pathological network aiming to delay or even stop disease progression. Here, we review the multitarget drug development strategy for AD during the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Mayo
- Departamento de desarrollo preclínico, Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Pascual
- Departamento de desarrollo preclínico, Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Crisman
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Domínguez
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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3
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Belinskaia DA, Voronina PA, Krivorotov DV, Jenkins RO, Goncharov NV. Anticholinesterase and Serotoninergic Evaluation of Benzimidazole-Carboxamides as Potential Multifunctional Agents for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2159. [PMID: 37631373 PMCID: PMC10459044 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease are multifactorial, so one of the treatment strategies is the development of the drugs that affect several targets associated with the pathogenesis of the disease. Within this roadmap, we investigated the interaction of several substituted 1,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-2-ones with their potential molecular targets: cholinesterases (ChE) and three types of the Gs-protein-coupled serotonin receptors (5-HTR) 5-HT6, 5-HT4 and 5-HT7 (5-HT4R, 5-HT6R and 5-HT7R, respectively). A microplate modification of the Ellman method was used for the biochemical analysis of the inhibitory ability of the drugs towards ChE. Molecular modeling methods, such as molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in water and the lipid bilayer, were used to study the interaction of the compounds with ChE and 5-HTR. In vitro experiments showed that the tested compounds had moderate anticholinesterase activity. With the help of molecular modeling methods, the mechanism of interaction of the tested compounds with ChE was investigated, the binding sites were described and the structural features of the drugs that determine the strength of their anticholinesterase activity were revealed. Primary in silico evaluation showed that benzimidazole-carboxamides effectively bind to 5-HT4R and 5-HT7R. The pool of the obtained data allows us to choose N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-2-oxo-3-(tert-butyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazole-1-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound 13) as the most promising for further experimental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A. Belinskaia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Polina A. Voronina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Denis V. Krivorotov
- Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, Federal Medical Biological Agency, p.o. Kuzmolovsky, St. Petersburg 188663, Russia
| | - Richard O. Jenkins
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Nikolay V. Goncharov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
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4
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Chelusnova YV, Voronina PA, Belinskaia DA, Goncharov NV. Benzimidazole-Carboxamides as Potential Therapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease: Primary Analysis In Silico and In Vitro. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 175:345-352. [PMID: 37563531 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
A primary in vitro analysis of the anticholinesterase properties of substituted 1,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-2-ones was performed along with in silico calculation of their oral toxicity. These compounds are analogs of BIMU-8, a well-known agonist of serotonin 5-HT4 receptors, and are supposed to combine the functions of cholinesterase inhibitors and serotonin receptor agonists. Biochemical analysis showed the ability of the obtained chemicals to inhibit acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase. A compound with minimal toxicity, high inhibitory ability against butyrylcholinesterase, and low inhibitory ability against acetylcholinesterase has been identified, which is of greatest interest for further experimental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu V Chelusnova
- Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Leningrad Region, Kuzmopavlovsky, Russia
| | - P A Voronina
- I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D A Belinskaia
- I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N V Goncharov
- I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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5
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Current Pharmacotherapy and Multi-Target Approaches for Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121560. [PMID: 36559010 PMCID: PMC9781592 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by decreased synaptic transmission and cerebral atrophy with appearance of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Cognitive, functional, and behavioral alterations are commonly associated with the disease. Different pathophysiological pathways of AD have been proposed, some of which interact and influence one another. Current treatment for AD mainly involves the use of therapeutic agents to alleviate the symptoms in AD patients. The conventional single-target treatment approaches do not often cause the desired effect in the disease due to its multifactorial origin. Thus, multi-target strategies have since been undertaken, which aim to simultaneously target multiple targets involved in the development of AD. In this review, we provide an overview of the pathogenesis of AD and the current drug therapies for the disease. Additionally, rationales of the multi-target approaches and examples of multi-target drugs with pharmacological actions against AD are also discussed.
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6
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Recent advance on pleiotropic cholinesterase inhibitors bearing amyloid modulation efficacy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 242:114695. [PMID: 36044812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the hugely important roles of neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) and amyloid-β (Aβ) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the development of multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) focused on cholinesterase (ChE) and Aβ becomes one of the most attractive strategies for combating AD. To date, numerous preclinical studies toward multifunctional conjugates bearing ChE inhibition and anti-Aβ aggregation have been reported. Noteworthily, most of the reported multifunctional cholinesterase inhibitors are carbamate-based compounds due to the initial properties of carbamate moiety. However, because their easy hydrolysis in vivo and the instability of the compound-enzyme conjugate, the mechanism of action of these compounds is rare. Thus, non-carbamate compounds are of great need for developing novel cholinesterase inhibitors. Besides, given that Aβ accumulation begins to occur 10-15 years before AD onset, modulating Aβ is ineffective only in inhibiting its aggregation but not eliminate the already accumulated Aβ if treatment is started when the patient has been diagnosed as AD. Considering the limitation of current Aβ accumulation modulators in ameliorating cognitive deficits and ineffectiveness of ChE inhibitors in blocking disease progression, the development of a practically valuable strategy with multiple pharmaceutical properties including ChE inhibition and Aβ modulation for treating AD is indispensable. In this review, we focus on summarizing the scaffold characteristics of reported non-carbamate cholinesterase inhibitors with Aβ modulation since 2020, and understanding the ingenious multifunctional drug design ideas to accelerate the pace of obtaining more efficient anti-AD drugs in the future.
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7
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Aβ and Tau Interact with Metal Ions, Lipid Membranes and Peptide-Based Amyloid Inhibitors: Are These Common Features Relevant in Alzheimer’s Disease? Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165066. [PMID: 36014310 PMCID: PMC9414153 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, the amyloid hypothesis, i.e., the abnormal accumulation of toxic Aβ assemblies in the brain, has been considered the mainstream concept sustaining research in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). However, the course of cognitive decline and AD development better correlates with tau accumulation rather than amyloid peptide deposition. Moreover, all clinical trials of amyloid-targeting drug candidates have been unsuccessful, implicitly suggesting that the amyloid hypothesis needs significant amendments. Accumulating evidence supports the existence of a series of potentially dangerous relationships between Aβ oligomeric species and tau protein in AD. However, the molecular determinants underlying pathogenic Aβ/tau cross interactions are not fully understood. Here, we discuss the common features of Aβ and tau molecules, with special emphasis on: (i) the critical role played by metal dyshomeostasis in promoting both Aβ and tau aggregation and oxidative stress, in AD; (ii) the effects of lipid membranes on Aβ and tau (co)-aggregation at the membrane interface; (iii) the potential of small peptide-based inhibitors of Aβ and tau misfolding as therapeutic tools in AD. Although the molecular mechanism underlying the direct Aβ/tau interaction remains largely unknown, the arguments discussed in this review may help reinforcing the current view of a synergistic Aβ/tau molecular crosstalk in AD and stimulate further research to mechanism elucidation and next-generation AD therapeutics.
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8
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Wichur T, Godyń J, Góral I, Latacz G, Bucki A, Siwek A, Głuch-Lutwin M, Mordyl B, Śniecikowska J, Walczak M, Knez D, Jukič M, Sałat K, Gobec S, Kołaczkowski M, Malawska B, Brazzolotto X, Więckowska A. Development and crystallography-aided SAR studies of multifunctional BuChE inhibitors and 5-HT 6R antagonists with β-amyloid anti-aggregation properties. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113792. [PMID: 34530376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The lack of an effective treatment makes Alzheimer's disease a serious healthcare problem and a challenge for medicinal chemists. Herein we report interdisciplinary research on novel multifunctional ligands targeting proteins and processes involved in the development of the disease: BuChE, 5-HT6 receptors and β-amyloid aggregation. Structure-activity relationship analyses supported by crystallography and docking studies led to the identification of a fused-type multifunctional ligand 50, with remarkable and balanced potencies against BuChE (IC50 = 90 nM) and 5-HT6R (Ki = 4.8 nM), and inhibitory activity against Aβ aggregation (53% at 10 μM). In in vitro ADME-Tox and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies compound 50 showed good stability in the mouse liver microsomes, favourable safety profile and brain permeability with the brain to plasma ratio of 6.79 after p.o. administration in mice, thus being a promising candidate for in vivo pharmacology studies and a solid foundation for further research on effective anti-AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wichur
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Godyń
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Izabella Góral
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Bucki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Siwek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Głuch-Lutwin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Mordyl
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Śniecikowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Walczak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Damijan Knez
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Jukič
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marcin Kołaczkowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Malawska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Xavier Brazzolotto
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91223, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Anna Więckowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
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Wichur T, Pasieka A, Godyń J, Panek D, Góral I, Latacz G, Honkisz-Orzechowska E, Bucki A, Siwek A, Głuch-Lutwin M, Knez D, Brazzolotto X, Gobec S, Kołaczkowski M, Sabate R, Malawska B, Więckowska A. Discovery of 1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-indole-based multifunctional ligands targeting cholinesterases and 5-HT 6 receptor with anti-aggregation properties against amyloid-beta and tau. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113783. [PMID: 34461507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional ligands as an essential variant of polypharmacology are promising candidates for the treatment of multi-factorial diseases like Alzheimer's disease. Based on clinical evidence and following the paradigm of multifunctional ligands we have rationally designed and synthesized a series of compounds targeting processes involved in the development of the disease. The biological evaluation led to the discovery of two compounds with favorable pharmacological characteristics and ADMET profile. Compounds 17 and 35 are 5-HT6R antagonists (Ki = 13 nM and Ki = 15 nM respectively) and cholinesterase inhibitors with distinct mechanisms of enzyme inhibition. Compound 17, a tacrine derivative is a reversible inhibitor of acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 = 8 nM and IC50 = 24 nM respectively), while compound 35 with rivastigmine-derived phenyl N-ethyl-N-methylcarbamate fragment is a selective, pseudo-irreversible inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 = 455 nM). Both compounds inhibit aggregation of amyloid β in vitro (75% for compound 17 and 68% for 35 at 10 μM) moreover, compound 35 is a potent tau aggregation inhibitor in cellulo (79%). In ADMET in vitro studies both compounds showed acceptable metabolic stability on mouse liver microsomes (28% and 60% for compound 17 and 35 respectively), no or little effect on CYP3A4 and 2D6 up to a concentration of 10 μM and lack of toxicity on HepG2 cell line (IC50 values of 80 and 21 μM, for 17 and 35 respectively). Based on the pharmacological characteristics and favorable pharmacokinetic properties, we propose compounds 17 and 35 as an excellent starting point for further optimization and in-depth biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wichur
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Pasieka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Godyń
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dawid Panek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Izabella Góral
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Adam Bucki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Siwek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Głuch-Lutwin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Damijan Knez
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Xavier Brazzolotto
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91223 Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marcin Kołaczkowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Raimon Sabate
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Malawska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Więckowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
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10
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Pasieka A, Panek D, Szałaj N, Espargaró A, Więckowska A, Malawska B, Sabaté R, Bajda M. Dual Inhibitors of Amyloid-β and Tau Aggregation with Amyloid-β Disaggregating Properties: Extended In Cellulo, In Silico, and Kinetic Studies of Multifunctional Anti-Alzheimer's Agents. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2057-2068. [PMID: 34019757 PMCID: PMC8291496 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
![]()
In Alzheimer’s
disease, neurons slowly degenerate due to
the accumulation of misfolded amyloid β and tau proteins. In
our research, we performed extended studies directed at amyloid β
and tau aggregation inhibition using in cellulo (Escherichia coli model of protein aggregation), in silico, and in vitro kinetic studies.
We tested our library of 1-benzylamino-2-hydroxyalkyl multifunctional
anti-Alzheimer’s agents and identified very potent dual aggregation
inhibitors. Among the tested derivatives, we selected compound 18, which exhibited a unique profile of biological activity.
This compound was the most potent and balanced dual aggregation inhibitor
(Aβ42 inhibition (inh.) 80.0%, tau inh. 68.3% in
10 μM), with previously reported in vitro inhibitory
activity against hBuChE, hBACE1,
and Aβ (hBuChE IC50 = 5.74 μM; hBACE1 IC50 = 41.6 μM; Aβ aggregation
(aggr.) inh. IC50 = 3.09 μM). In docking studies
for both proteins, we tried to explain the different structural requirements
for the inhibition of Aβ vs tau. Moreover, docking and kinetic
studies showed that compound 18 could inhibit the amyloid
aggregation process at several steps and also displayed disaggregating
properties. These results may help to design the next generations
of dual or selective aggregation inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pasieka
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dawid Panek
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Szałaj
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Alba Espargaró
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Av Joan XXIII, S/N, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Więckowska
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Malawska
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Raimon Sabaté
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Av Joan XXIII, S/N, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marek Bajda
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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11
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Malafaia D, Albuquerque HMT, Silva AMS. Amyloid-β and tau aggregation dual-inhibitors: A synthetic and structure-activity relationship focused review. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 214:113209. [PMID: 33548635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common types of dementia, especially in elderly, with an increasing number of people suffering from this disease worldwide. There are no available disease-modifying therapies and only four drugs are approved for the relief of symptoms. Currently, the therapeutic approach used for AD treatment is based on single target drugs, which are not capable to stop its progression. To address this issue, multi-target compounds, combining two or more pharmacophores in a single molecular entity, have gained increasing interest to deal with the multiple factors related to AD. The exact cause of AD is not yet completely disclosed, and several hallmarks have been associated to this neurodegenerative disease. Even though, the accumulation of both amyloid-β plaques (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are fully accepted as the main AD hallmarks, being object of lots of research for early-stage diagnosis and pharmacological therapy. In this context, this review summarizes the state-of-the-art in the field of dual-target inhibitors of both Aβ and tau aggregation simultaneously, including the design and synthetic strategy of the dual-target compounds, as well as a brief structure-activity relationships (SAR) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Malafaia
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Hélio M T Albuquerque
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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