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Kariyawasam T, Helvig C, Petkovich M, Vriens B. Pharmaceutical removal from wastewater by introducing cytochrome P450s into microalgae. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14515. [PMID: 38925623 PMCID: PMC11197475 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are of increasing environmental concern as they emerge and accumulate in surface- and groundwater systems around the world, endangering the overall health of aquatic ecosystems. Municipal wastewater discharge is a significant vector for pharmaceuticals and their metabolites to enter surface waters as humans incompletely absorb prescription drugs and excrete up to 50% into wastewater, which are subsequently incompletely removed during wastewater treatment. Microalgae present a promising target for improving wastewater treatment due to their ability to remove some pollutants efficiently. However, their inherent metabolic pathways limit their capacity to degrade more recalcitrant organic compounds such as pharmaceuticals. The human liver employs enzymes to break down and absorb drugs, and these enzymes are extensively researched during drug development, meaning the cytochrome P450 enzymes responsible for metabolizing each approved drug are well studied. Thus, unlocking or increasing cytochrome P450 expression in endogenous wastewater microalgae could be a cost-effective strategy to reduce pharmaceutical loads in effluents. Here, we discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with introducing cytochrome P450 enzymes into microalgae. We anticipate that cytochrome P450-engineered microalgae can serve as a new drug removal method and a sustainable solution that can upgrade wastewater treatment facilities to function as "mega livers".
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamali Kariyawasam
- Department of Geological Sciences and EngineeringQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
- Beaty Water Research CenterQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Christian Helvig
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Martin Petkovich
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Bas Vriens
- Department of Geological Sciences and EngineeringQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
- Beaty Water Research CenterQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
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2
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Leow JWH, Chan ECY. CYP2J2-mediated metabolism of arachidonic acid in heart: A review of its kinetics, inhibition and role in heart rhythm control. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 258:108637. [PMID: 38521247 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2 J2 (CYP2J2) is primarily expressed extrahepatically and is the predominant epoxygenase in human cardiac tissues. This highlights its key role in the metabolism of endogenous substrates. Significant scientific interest lies in cardiac CYP2J2 metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA), an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, to regioisomeric bioactive epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) metabolites that show cardioprotective effects including regulation of cardiac electrophysiology. From an in vitro perspective, the accurate characterization of the kinetics of CYP2J2 metabolism of AA including its inhibition and inactivation by drugs could be useful in facilitating in vitro-in vivo extrapolations to predict drug-AA interactions in drug discovery and development. In this review, background information on the structure, regulation and expression of CYP2J2 in human heart is presented alongside AA and EETs as its endogenous substrate and metabolites. The in vitro and in vivo implications of the kinetics of this endogenous metabolic pathway as well as its perturbation via inhibition and inactivation by drugs are elaborated. Additionally, the role of CYP2J2-mediated metabolism of AA to EETs in cardiac electrophysiology will be expounded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Wen Hui Leow
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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3
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Han J, Zhang S, He J, Li T. Piperine: Chemistry and Biology. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:696. [PMID: 38133200 PMCID: PMC10747706 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15120696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Piperine is a plant-derived promising piperamide candidate isolated from the black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). In the last few years, this natural botanical product and its derivatives have aroused much attention for their comprehensive biological activities, including not only medical but also agricultural bioactivities. In order to achieve sustainable development and improve survival conditions, looking for environmentally friendly pesticides with low toxicity and residue is an extremely urgent challenge. Fortunately, plant-derived pesticides are rising like a shining star, guiding us in the direction of development in pesticidal research. In the present review, the recent progress in the biological activities, mechanisms of action, and structural modifications of piperine and its derivatives from 2020 to 2023 are summarized. The structure-activity relationships were analyzed in order to pave the way for future development and utilization of piperine and its derivatives as potent drugs and pesticides for improving the local economic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Han
- School of Public Administration, Xi’an University of Finance and Economics, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Shaoyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China;
| | - Jun He
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China;
| | - Tianze Li
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China;
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He R, Dai Z, Finel M, Zhang F, Tu D, Yang L, Ge G. Fluorescence-Based High-Throughput Assays for Investigating Cytochrome P450 Enzyme-Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1254-1272. [PMID: 37349113 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs), a group of heme-containing enzymes, catalyze oxidative metabolism of a wide range of drugs and xenobiotics, as well as different endogenous molecules. Strong inhibition of human CYPs is the most common cause of clinically associated pharmacokinetic drug-drug/herb-drug interactions (DDIs/HDIs), which may result in serious adverse drug reactions, even toxicity. Accurate and rapid assessing of the inhibition potentials on CYP activities for therapeutic agents is crucial for the prediction of clinically relevant DDIs/HDIs. Over the past few decades, significant efforts have been invested into developing optical substrates for the human CYPs, generating a variety of powerful tools for high-throughput assays to detect CYP activities in biologic specimens and for screening of CYP inhibitors. This minireview focuses on recent advances in optical substrates developments for human CYPs, as well as their applications in screening CYP inhibitors and DDIs/HDIs studies. The examples for rational design and optimization of highly specific optical substrates for the target CYP enzyme, as well as applications in investigating CYP-mediated DDIs, are illustrated. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives in this field are proposed. Collectively, this review summarizes the reported optical-based biochemical assays for highly efficient CYP activities detection, which strongly facilitated the discovery of CYP inhibitors and the investigations on CYP-mediated DDIs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Optical substrates for cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) have emerged as powerful tools for the construction of high-throughput assays for screening of CYP inhibitors. This mini-review covers the advances and challenges in the development of highly specific optical substrates for sensing human CYP isoenzymes, as well as their applications in constructing fluorescence-based high-throughput assays for investigating CYP-mediated drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjing He
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (R.H., F.Z., D.T., L.Y., G.G.); Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Z.D.); and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.F.)
| | - Ziru Dai
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (R.H., F.Z., D.T., L.Y., G.G.); Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Z.D.); and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.F.)
| | - Moshe Finel
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (R.H., F.Z., D.T., L.Y., G.G.); Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Z.D.); and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.F.)
| | - Feng Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (R.H., F.Z., D.T., L.Y., G.G.); Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Z.D.); and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.F.)
| | - Dongzhu Tu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (R.H., F.Z., D.T., L.Y., G.G.); Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Z.D.); and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.F.)
| | - Ling Yang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (R.H., F.Z., D.T., L.Y., G.G.); Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Z.D.); and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.F.)
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (R.H., F.Z., D.T., L.Y., G.G.); Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Z.D.); and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.F.)
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Zhang J, Qiu Z, Zhang Y, Wang G, Hao H. Intracellular spatiotemporal metabolism in connection to target engagement. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 200:115024. [PMID: 37516411 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism in eukaryotic cells is a highly ordered system involving various cellular compartments, which fluctuates based on physiological rhythms. Organelles, as the smallest independent sub-cell unit, are important contributors to cell metabolism and drug metabolism, collectively designated intracellular metabolism. However, disruption of intracellular spatiotemporal metabolism can lead to disease development and progression, as well as drug treatment interference. In this review, we systematically discuss spatiotemporal metabolism in cells and cell subpopulations. In particular, we focused on metabolism compartmentalization and physiological rhythms, including the variation and regulation of metabolic enzymes, metabolic pathways, and metabolites. Additionally, the intricate relationship among intracellular spatiotemporal metabolism, metabolism-related diseases, and drug therapy/toxicity has been discussed. Finally, approaches and strategies for intracellular spatiotemporal metabolism analysis and potential target identification are introduced, along with examples of potential new drug design based on this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixia Qiu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Alldredge J, Kumar V, Nguyen J, Sanders BE, Gomez K, Jayachandran K, Zhang J, Schwarz J, Rahmatpanah F. Endogenous Retrovirus RNA Expression Differences between Race, Stage and HPV Status Offer Improved Prognostication among Women with Cervical Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1492. [PMID: 36675007 PMCID: PMC9864224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous human retroviruses (ERVs) are remnants of exogenous retroviruses that have integrated into the human genome. Using publicly available RNA-seq data from 63 cervical cancer patients, we investigated the expression of ERVs in cervical cancers. Four aspects of cervical cancer were investigated: patient ancestral background, tumor HPV type, tumor stage and patient survival. Between the racial subgroups, 74 ERVs were significantly differentially expressed, with Black Americans having 30 upregulated and 44 downregulated (including MER21C, HERV9-int, and HERVH-int) ERVs when compared to White Americans. We found that 3313 ERVs were differentially expressed between HPV subgroups, including MER41A, HERVH-int and HERVK9. There were 28 downregulated (including MLT1D and HERVH-int) and 61 upregulated (including MER41A) ERVs in locally advanced-stage compared to early-stage samples. Tissue microarrays of cervical cancer patients were used to investigate the protein expression of ERVs with protein coding potential (i.e., HERVK and ERV3). Significant differences in protein expression of ERV3 (p = 0.000905) were observed between early-stage and locally advanced-stage tumors. No significant differential expression at the protein level was found for HERVK7 (p = 0.243). We also investigated a prognostic model, supplementing a baseline prediction model using FIGO stage, age and HPV positivity with ERVs data. The expression levels of all ERVs in the HERVd were input into a Lasso-Cox proportional hazards model, developing a predictive 67-ERV panel. When ERVs expression levels were supplemented with the clinical data, a significant increase in prognostic power (p = 9.433 × 10-15) relative to that obtained with the clinical parameters alone (p = 0.06027) was observed. In summary, ERV RNA expression in cervical cancer tumors is significantly different among racial cohorts, HPV subgroups and disease stages. The combination of the expression of certain ERVs in cervical cancers with clinical factors significantly improved prognostication compared to clinical factors alone; therefore, ERVs may serve as future prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Novelty and Impact: When endogenous retroviral (ERV) expression signatures were combined with currently employed clinical prognosticators of relapse of cervical cancer, the combination outperformed prediction models based on clinical prognosticators alone. ERV expression signatures in tumor biopsies may therefore be useful to help identify patients at greater risk of recurrence. The novel ERV expression signatures or adjacent genes possibly impacted by ERV expression described here may also be targets for the development of future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Alldredge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - James Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Brooke E. Sanders
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Karina Gomez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kay Jayachandran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Institute for Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Julie Schwarz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Institute for Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Farah Rahmatpanah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Morishita H, Perera LMB, Zhang X, Mizoi K, Ito MA, Yano K, Ogihara T. P-Glycoprotein-Mediated Pharmacokinetic Interactions Increase Pimozide hERG Channel Inhibition. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:3411-3416. [PMID: 36181876 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pimozide, an antipsychotic drug, is a potent inhibitor of the hERG channel. A case of death due to cardiac arrest has been reported in a boy who received pimozide together with sertraline and aripiprazole. In this study, we focused on drug-drug interactions and investigated the relationships between transporter-mediated intracellular accumulation and the hERG inhibitory effect of pimozide. The accumulation of pimozide in cardiomyocyte-derived AC16 cells was significantly increased by sertraline and aripiprazole, which are thought to have a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitory effect, and under P-gp siRNA conditions. These results suggest P-gp inhibition increases pimozide accumulation in AC16 cells. We introduced the hERG plasmid into AC16 cells and investigated the concentration-dependent hERG inhibitory effect of pimozide from within AC16 cells. Addition of 10 nM or more pimozide significantly inhibited the hERG current with concentration dependence. These results indicate P-gp-mediated pharmacokinetic interaction increases pimozide accumulation in AC16 cells, and the subsequent elevated pimozide levels within the cells may result in an increased risk of hERG channel inhibition. Our present study calls attention to the risks associated with the combined use of cardiotoxic P-gp substrate(s) and P-gp inhibitory medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Morishita
- Department of Pharmacy, Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, 564-1 Kamishinden-machi, Maebashi-shi, Gunma 371-0821, Japan; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan.
| | - Liyanage Manosika Buddhini Perera
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
| | - Xieyi Zhang
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
| | - Kenta Mizoi
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
| | - Masa-Aki Ito
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yano
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0066, Japan
| | - Takuo Ogihara
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan; Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
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