Thiol/disulfide homeostasis in pregnant women with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

The effects of disease severity and comorbidity on oxidative stress biomarkers in obstructive sleep apnea

PURPOSE

Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), total oxidant status (TOS), and total antioxidant status (TAS) are biomarkers used to evaluate oxidative stress status in various diseases including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In this study, we investigated the effects of disease severity and comorbidity on IMA, TOS and TAS levels in OSA.

METHODS

Patients with severe OSA (no-comorbidity, one comorbidity, and multiple comorbidities) and mild-moderate OSA (no-comorbidity, one and multiple comorbidities), and healthy controls were included in the study. Polysomnography was applied to all cases and blood samples were taken from each participant at the same time of day. ELISA was used to measure IMA levels in serum samples and colorimetric commercial kits were used to perform TOS and TAS analyses. In addition, routine biochemical analyses were performed on all serum samples.

RESULTS

A total of 74 patients and 14 healthy controls were enrolled. There was no statistically significant difference between the disease groups according to gender, smoking status, age, body mass index (BMI), HDL, T3, T4, TSH, and B12 (p > 0.05). As the severity of OSA and comorbidities increased, IMA, TOS, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), desaturation index (T90), cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, AST, and CRP values increased significantly (p < 0.05). On the other hand, TAS, minimum desaturation, and mean desaturation values decreased significantly (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

We concluded that IMA, TOS, and TAS levels may indicate OSA-related oxidative stress, but as the severity of OSA increases and with the presence of comorbidity, IMA and TOS levels may increase and TAS levels decrease. These findings suggest that disease severity and presence/absence of comorbidity should be considered in studies on OSA.

Common sleep disorders in pregnancy: a review

In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of common sleep disorders during pregnancy, including their characterization, prevalence, risk factors, and possible contribution to maternal and fetal outcomes. We conducted a quasi-systematic literature search of the MEDLINE database and identified 744 studies from 1991 through 2021, inclusive, that met our inclusion criteria. We synthesized the existing literature on sleep disorders during pregnancy and highlighted controversies, research gaps, and needed clinical developments. Our review covers a range of sleep disorders, including insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and circadian rhythm disorders. We discuss the prevalence of these disorders in pregnancy and their potential impact on maternal and fetal health outcomes. We also explore the relationship between sleep disorders, pre-pregnancy comorbidities such as obesity, and pregnancy-related conditions such as gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia. In addition to summarizing the existing literature on sleep disorders during pregnancy, we also highlight opportunities for further research in this area. We suggest that future studies should strive to employ validated and objective measurement tools for sleep disorders and prioritize utilization of longitudinal methods with participant follow-up through postpartum, mid-life, menopause, and beyond. We also put forward investigation into the impact of circadian rhythm disruption on reproductive physiology and early pregnancy outcomes as an area of important work. Overall, our review provides valuable insights on sleep and reproduction and into common sleep disorders during pregnancy and their potential impact on maternal and fetal health outcomes.

Thiol-disulphide homoeostasis as a novel oxidative stress biomarker in lung tuberculosis patient

AIMS OF STUDY

To compare a novel oxidative stress biomarker dynamic thiol/disulphide homoeostasis between patients with lung tuberculosis and healthy controls.

METHODS

Our study included 50 patients with active lung tuberculosis and 50 healthy controls. Serum thiol/disulphide was measured with a new automated spectrometric method developed and results were compared statistically.

RESULTS

We found that native and total thiol levels were significantly decreased in patients with lung tuberculosis, disulphide/native thiol and disulphide/total thiol levels were found to be higher in lung tuberculosis patients when compared with the control group. However, disulphide levels were higher in the control group than in the patient group.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results of this study, it can be said that oxidative stress is closely associated with lung tuberculosis pathogenesis. There is a need for new studies that will show the possible effects of oxidative stress on lung tuberculosis pathogenesis.

Thiol-disulfide homeostasis: an integrated approach with biochemical and clinical aspects

Dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis (TDH) is a new area has begun to attract more scrutiny. Dynamic TDH is reversal of thiol oxidation in proteins and represents the status of thiols (-SH) and disulfides (-S-S-). Organic compounds containing the sulfhydryl group is called thiol, composed of sulfur and hydrogen atoms. Disulfides are the most important class of dynamic, redox responsive covalent bonds build in between two thiol groups. For many years, thiol levels were analyzed by several methods. During last years, measurements of disulfide levels have been analyzed by a novel automated method, developed by Erel and Neselioglu. In this method, addition to thiol (termed as native thiol) levels, disulfide levels were also measured and sum of native thiol and disulfide levels were termed as total thiol. Therefore, TDH was begun to be understood in organism. In healthy humans, TDH is maintained within a certain range. Dysregulated dynamic TDH has been implicated several disorders with unknown etiology. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that the thiol-disulfide homeostasis is involved in variety diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, nonsmall cell lung cancer, familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), inflammatory bowel diseases, occupational diseases, gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia. These results may elucidate some pathogenic mechanism or may be a predictor indicating diagnostic clue, prognostic marker or therapeutic sign. In conclusion, protection of the thiol-disulfide homeostasis is of great importance for the human being. Evidence achieved so far has proposed that thiol-disulfide homeostasis is an important issue needs to elucidate wholly.

The relationship between oxidative stress and preeclampsia. The serum ischemia-modified albumin levels and thiol/disulfide homeostasis

Objective

Preeclampsia (PE) is a dangerous complication of pregnancy and still a major cause of maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality. Its etiology remains largely unknown, but researchers have suggested oxidative stress-mediated inflammation for the same. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress and PE as well as the usability of oxidative stress indicators such as serum ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels and thiol/disulfide balance in the prediction of PE.

Materials and Methods

The study included 47 pregnant women with PE and 57 healthy pregnant women. We measured their serum IMA, native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide levels. Additionally, we determined the optimal cutoff values via the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results

There were no differences between the two groups with respect to the maternal age, body mass index, gravida, and parity. The native and total thiol levels were found to be low when the disulfide and IMA levels were high in the patients with PE (p<0.05). When the IMA level was corrected by the albumin level (IMAR), the significant difference between the two groups disappeared. We also found that the native and total thiol concentrations were correlated with the systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The optimal cut-off values calculated for the prediction of PE were as follows: 178.45 µmol/L (with sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 83%) for native thiol, 232.55 µ mol/L (with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 85%) for total thiol, and 29.05 µmol/L (with sensitivity of 65% and specificity of 72%) for disulfide.

Conclusion

The balance of thiol/disulfide may play a role in the pathogenesis of PE and could be used as a biological marker for PE.

Vitamin D and thiol-disulfide homeostasis levels in postmenopausal women with overactive bladder syndrome

Background

This study aimed to find a relationship between vitamin D concentration and thiol-disulfide homeostasis in the pathophysiology of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome in postmenopausal women.

Methods

A total of 76 postmenopausal women, referred for routine controls, were recruited between January and March 2018 to participate in this study. Participants with an overactive bladder questionnaire (OAB-q) score of >11 (n = 34) were included in the OAB syndrome group, while those with a score of <5 (n = 42) were included in the control group. Serum total antioxidant capacity, ischemia-modified albumin, C-reactive protein, 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels, and thiol-disulfide homeostasis were measured.

Results

Patients with OAB syndrome had waist circumferences of 106 ± 11 cm, and their body mass indexes (BMIs) were 30.8 ± 4.8 kg/m2. The control groups' waist circumferences were 102 ± 11 cm and their BMIs were 28.9 ± 4.3 kg/m2 (p = 0.069 and p = 0.098, respectively). The level of vitamin D in the control group was 33.7 (IQR: 30.7) nmol/L and 27.0 (IQR: 27.5) nmol/L (p = 0.081) in the OAB syndrome group.

Conclusions

We were not able to demonstrate with certainty any significant relationships between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and thiol-disulfide homeostasis parameters and OAB syndrome.