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Altendahl MR, Xu L, Asiodu I, Boscardin WJ, Gaw SL, Flaherman VJ, Jacoby VL, Richards MC, Krakow D, Afshar Y. Patterns of peripartum depression and anxiety during the pre-vaccine COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:310. [PMID: 38664729 PMCID: PMC11044399 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant people are vulnerable to new or worsening mental health conditions. This study aims to describe prevalence and course of depression and anxiety symptoms in pregnancy during the pre-vaccine COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This is a prospective cohort study of pregnant individuals with known or suspected COVID-19. Participants completed Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Generalized-Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaires, screening tools for depression and anxiety, at 34weeks gestational age, 6-8weeks postpartum, and 6months postpartum. Prevalence of elevated depressive and anxiety symptoms at each visit was described. Univariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between demographic and clinical factors and those with elevated depression or anxiety symptoms. RESULTS 317 participants were included. The prevalence of elevated antepartum depression symptoms was 14.6%, 10.3%, and 20.6% at 34weeks gestational age, 6-8weeks postpartum, and 6months postpartum, respectively. The rate of elevated anxiety symptoms was 15.1%, 10.0%, and 17.3% at 34weeks gestational age, 6-8weeks postpartum, and 6months postpartum, respectively. A prior history of depression and/or anxiety (p's < 0.03), as well as higher EPDS and GAD-7 scores at enrollment (p's < 0.04) associated with elevated depression and anxiety symptoms throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period. Quarantining during pregnancy was associated with elevated anxiety symptoms at 34weeks gestational age in univariate (P = 0.027) analyses. COVID-19 diagnosis and hospitalization were not associated with elevated depression or anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Elevated depression and anxiety symptoms were prevalent throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period, particularly in those with prior depression and/or anxiety and who quarantined. Strategies that target social isolation may mitigate potential adverse consequences for pregnant people, and continued vigilance in recognition of depression and anxiety in pregnancy should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie R Altendahl
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, 200 Medical Plaza, Suite 430, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liwen Xu
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, 200 Medical Plaza, Suite 430, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ifeyinwa Asiodu
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - W John Boscardin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie L Gaw
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Vanessa L Jacoby
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Misty C Richards
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, 200 Medical Plaza, Suite 430, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, 200 Medical Plaza, Suite 430, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yalda Afshar
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, 200 Medical Plaza, Suite 430, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Sadat BN, Zahra M, Fatemeh T. Identifying effective factors to alleviate postnatal distress and coronavirus anxiety in mothers of hospitalized preterm neonates. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:838. [PMID: 38057744 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the critical importance of mental health in mothers of preterm neonates during the postpartum period for Population Youth Programs, our research aims to ascertain the correlation between postnatal distress and corona-induced anxiety in women who have hospitalized preterm neonates. METHODS This descriptive-analytical study was conducted with a sample of 275 mothers of preterm neonates, were hospitalized in Gorgan city in 2020. Data collection was facilitated through the Corona Anxiety (CA) and Postnatal Distress Measured Scale (PDM). For data analysis, Spearman's correlation and univariate and multiple linear regression were employed. RESULTS The average age of the participating mothers was 28.61 ± 6.173 years, and the average gestational age of the neonates was 32.8 ± 2.89 weeks. The study found a significant, positive correlation between CA and PDM. Controlling for other variables through multiple regression analysis, the factors that significantly influenced PDM were employment status (β = 3.88, p < 0.01), education level (β = 1.96, p = 0.032), and gestational age (β=-0.60, p < 0.001). Furthermore, number of living children (β=-4.77, p = 0.01), education (β=-2.37, p = 0.01), and gestational age (β=-0.91, p < 0.001) were the factors that were significantly associated with CA scores. CONCLUSIONS The correlation between CA and PDM suggests that preterm neonate's mothers experienced increased anxiety during the pandemic. Considering the factors influencing these anxieties, targeted programs should be developed to enhance the mental health of these mothers in future pandemics. The finding that women with more children experienced less CA could serve as evidence of the positive impact of having children on the mental health of women with premature infants during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borghei Narjes Sadat
- Reproductive Health, Counseling and Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehrbakhsh Zahra
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Torklalebaq Fatemeh
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Pregnancy Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Lantigua-Martinez M, Trostle ME, Torres AM, Rajeev P, Dennis A, Silverstein JS, Talib M. Perinatal depression before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City. AJOG GLOBAL REPORTS 2023; 3:100253. [PMID: 37560009 PMCID: PMC10407240 DOI: 10.1016/j.xagr.2023.100253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quarantining and isolation during previous pandemics have been associated with higher levels of depression symptomatology. Studies in other countries found elevated rates of anxiety and/or depression among pregnant people during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with prepandemic rates. New York City was the initial epicenter of the pandemic in the United States, and the effects of the pandemic on perinatal depression in this population are not well known. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the rates of perinatal depression before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. STUDY DESIGN This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of patients screened for perinatal depression with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at 2 private academic practices in New York City. This screen is done in these practices at the time of the glucose challenge test and at the postpartum visit. Patients aged ≥18 years who completed a screen at a postpartum visit and/or glucose challenge test from February 1, 2019 to July 31, 2019 and from February 1, 2020 to July 31, 2020 were identified, and the 2019 and 2020 groups were compared. The primary outcome was a positive screen, defined as ≥13 and ≥15 for postnatal and prenatal screens, respectively. Secondary outcomes included monthly changes in rates of positive screens and factors associated with perinatal depression. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square, or Fisher exact test, and univariate and multivariate analyses with P<.05 defined as significant. RESULTS A total of 1366 records met the inclusion criteria; 75% of the prepandemic (2019) records were included, as opposed to 65% of pandemic (2020) records due to a lower screen completion rate in the pandemic cohort. The 2020 cohort had a higher proportion of Hispanic patients (P=.003) and higher rates of diabetes mellitus (P=.007), preterm labor (P=.03), and current or former drug use (P<.001). The 2019 cohort had higher rates of hypertension (P=.002) and breastfeeding (P=.03); 4.6% of the 2020 cohort had a suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection. There was no difference in perinatal depression between the 2019 and 2020 cohorts (2.8% vs 2.6%; P>.99). This finding persisted after adjusting for baseline differences (adjusted odds ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.38-1.86; P=.76). There were no differences in rates of positive Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale by month. Several risk factors were associated with a positive screen, including being unmarried (P<.001), pulmonary disease (P=.02), depression (P<.001), anxiety (P=.01), bipolar disorder (P=.009), and use of anxiolytics (P=.04). CONCLUSION There were no differences in the rates of perinatal depression between the periods before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The rate of perinatal depression in this cohort was below the reported averages in the literature. Fewer women were screened for perinatal depression in 2020, which likely underestimated the prevalence of depression in our cohort. These findings highlight potential gaps in care in a pandemic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meralis Lantigua-Martinez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Health (Drs Lantigua-Martinez, Melendez Torres, and Talib), New York, NY
| | - Megan E. Trostle
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Health (Drs Trostle and Silverstein), New York, NY
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Luke's University Hospital (Dr Trostle), Bethlehem, PA
| | - Anthony Melendez Torres
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Health (Drs Lantigua-Martinez, Melendez Torres, and Talib), New York, NY
| | - Pournami Rajeev
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine (Mses Rajeev and Dennis), New York, NY
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (Ms Rajeev), New York, NY
| | - Alyson Dennis
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine (Mses Rajeev and Dennis), New York, NY
| | - Jenna S. Silverstein
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Health (Drs Trostle and Silverstein), New York, NY
| | - Mahino Talib
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Health (Drs Lantigua-Martinez, Melendez Torres, and Talib), New York, NY
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Diniz BP, Grisi SJFE, de Souza DM, Ferrer APS. Mother-infant bonding and postpartum depression during the COVID-19 pandemic - a risk for nurturing care and child development. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA : ORGAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE DE PEDIATRIA DE SAO PAULO 2023; 42:e2022151. [PMID: 37436245 PMCID: PMC10332442 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2024/42/2022151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic Increased the risk of impairing the mother-infant bonding. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the early bond established between mother and infant and postpartum depression (PPD) in pregnancies that occurred during the pandemic period, to identify the factors that may have influenced these outcomes and to verify if there was an association between bonding and probable PPD. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of postpartum women from a public maternity hospital in the city of São Paulo conducted from February to June 2021, involving 127 mother-baby dyads. The initial data were collected in the immediate postpartum period and between 21-45 days after birth, using a semi-structured questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, gestational and birth conditions, and baby characteristics; the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) were used to evaluate PPD and bonding, respectively. RESULTS The presence of probable PPD and unplanned pregnancies were associated with higher PBQ score and risk to impaired bonding (p = 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). EPDS showed a high prevalence of PPD (29.1%) and was not associated with any Studied variable. Probably, this high prevalence of probable PPD was due to the context of insecurity secondary to the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS We observed an increase in the prevalence of probable PPD and unplanned pregnancies during the first 18 months of the pandemic, which were associated with worse scores in mother-infant bonding. The impaired bond can affect the future development of children born during this period.
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Calpbinici P, Uzunkaya Öztoprak P. The Effect of Fear of COVID-19 on Women's Attitudes toward Cancer Screening and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors: A Cross-Sectional Study. INDIAN JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY 2023; 21:45. [PMID: 37214638 PMCID: PMC10186287 DOI: 10.1007/s40944-023-00719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fear of COVID-19 on women's attitudes toward cancer screening and healthy lifestyle behaviors. Method The study is of descriptive and cross-sectional type. The sample of the study consisted of 221 women living in Turkey. Research data were collected using Introductory Information Form, Attitude Scale for Cancer Screening, The Fear of COVID-19 Scale and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale II (HLBS-II). Results It was found out that 92.3% of the women did not have cancer screening during the pandemic period, 33.0% of the women who did not have it because they were afraid of the contamination, 33.0% thought they were healthy, 13.1% did not have screening tests because they thought that screening tests were not easy and accessible during the pandemic period. While no significant relationship was found between women's attitudes toward cancer screenings and fear of COVID-19 (P > 0.05), a positive significant relationship was found between women's attitudes toward cancer screenings and spiritual growth, health responsibility and interpersonal relations scores, which are sub-dimensions of the HLBS-II scale (P > 0.05). In addition, it was found out that women's fear of COVID-19 affected interpersonal relations and stress management (P < 0.05). Conclusion In our study, it was concluded that most of the women did not have cancer screening during the pandemic, and that the fear of COVID-19 affected such healthy lifestyle behaviors as interpersonal relations and stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Calpbinici
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Semra and Vefa Küçük Faculty of Health Sciences, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Nevşehir, Turkey
| | - Pınar Uzunkaya Öztoprak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Penna AL, de Aquino CM, Pinheiro MSN, do Nascimento RLF, Farias-Antúnez S, Araújo DABS, Mita C, Machado MMT, Castro MC. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal mental health, early childhood development, and parental practices: a global scoping review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:388. [PMID: 36823592 PMCID: PMC9950022 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In March 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), generating stark economic and social repercussions that directly or indirectly affected families' wellbeing and health status. AIMS This review aims at mapping the existing evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal mental health, early childhood development, and parental practices, worldwide, to identify evidence gaps and better inform future delivery of care and health policy measures. METHODS Following the protocol defined by PRISMA-ScR, this scoping review has searched for relevant studies published between January 2020 and June 2021, selecting evidence sources based on pre-established criteria. From a total of 2,308 articles, data were extracted from 537 publications from 35 countries on all three health domains. RESULTS The combined stressors brought forth by the pandemic have exerted a heavy burden on the mental health of mothers and the development of young children, partly mediated by its impact on parental practices. CONCLUSIONS Despite remaining gaps, we have identified sufficient evidence pointing to an urgent need for more concerted global research efforts and rapid policy responses to timely address severe and pervasive negative impacts to the mental health of mothers and children at a key developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Penna
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
| | - Camila Machado de Aquino
- grid.8395.70000 0001 2160 0329Department of Community Health, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Simone Farias-Antúnez
- grid.411237.20000 0001 2188 7235Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
| | | | - Carol Mita
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XCountway Library, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - Marcia C. Castro
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
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Zhang X, Wang C, Zuo X, Aertgeerts B, Buntinx F, Li T, Vermandere M. Study characteristical and regional influences on postpartum depression before vs. during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1102618. [PMID: 36875385 PMCID: PMC9975262 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1102618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While the public is under serious pressure from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the final impact and possible contributing factors to postpartum depression symptoms (PPDS) remain unknown. Therefore, a meta-analysis to investigate the association between PPDS and the COVID-19 pandemic was carried out by comparing the data between pre-pandemic and post-pandemic timeframes and exploring the influencing factors. Methods This systematic review was prospectively registered and recorded in a study protocol (Prospero CRD42022336820, http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO). A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINALH, Cochrane and Scopus was cmpleted on June 6, 2022. Studies that compared the prevalence of PPD before and during the COVID-19 pandemic period were included. Results Of 1766 citations identified, 22 studies were included with 15,098 participates before the COVID-19 pandemic and 11,836 participants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, the analysis showed that the epidemic crisis was associated with an increased prevalence of PPDS (OR: 0.81 [0.68, 0.95], P = 0.009, I 2 = 59%). Subgroup analysis was conducted according to the study characteristics and regions. Within the study characteristics classification, results showed an obvious increase in the prevalence of PPDS during the COVID-19 pandemic if PPDS cutoff was defined as Edinburgh postpartum depression score (EPDS) ≥13 points (OR: 0.72 [0.52, 0.98], P = 0.03, I 2 = 67%) and an increased prevalence in follow-ups that happened after 2 weeks (≥ 2 weeks postpartum) (OR: 0.81 [0.68, 0.97], P = 0.02, I 2 = 43%). Selected studies that were high-quality (OR: 0.79 [0.64, 0.97], P = 0.02, I 2 = 56%) demonstrated an increased prevalence of PPDS during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Sorting by regional factors, studies conducted in Asia (OR: 0.81 [0.70, 0.93], P = 0.003, I 2 = 0%) showed an increase of PPDS prevalence rates during the COVID-19 period, while studies conducted in Europe (OR: 0.82 [0.59, 1.13], P = 0.23, I 2 = 71%) and North America (OR: 0.66 [0.42, 1.02], P = 0.06, I 2 = 65%) showed no significant difference. All studies conducted in the developed (OR: 0.79 [0.64, 0.98], P = 0.03, I 2 = 65%) and developing countries (OR: 0.81 [0.69, 0.94], P = 0.007, I 2 = 0%) showed an increase of PPDS during the COVID-19 period. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with an increased prevalence of PPDS, especially after long-term follow-up and among the group with a high possibility of depression. The negative influence from the pandemic, causing more PPDS was significant in studies from Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Center for General Practice, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Family Medicine, Qingdao United Family Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoli Zuo
- Department of Family Medicine, Qingdao United Family Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Bert Aertgeerts
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Center for General Practice, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Buntinx
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Center for General Practice, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Mieke Vermandere
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Center for General Practice, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Gao S, Su S, Zhang E, Liu R, Zhang Y, Wang C, Liu J, Xie S, Yin C, Yue W. Psychological health status in postpartum women during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2022; 319:99-111. [PMID: 36087790 PMCID: PMC9450470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review and meta-analysis pooled the prevalence of psychological symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and examined the effects of the pandemic on psychological health in postpartum women. METHODS A systematic literature search and identification were performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases until June 16th, 2021. The fixed or random effect models to estimate the pooled prevalence of postpartum psychological symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and the odds ratio (OR) of COVID-19 for psychological symptoms. RESULTS A total of 29 articles including 20,225 postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic and 8312 before the COVID-19 pandemic were identified. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of postpartum depressive, anxiety, stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms were 26.7 % (95 % CI: 22.0-31.9 %), 33.8 % (95 % CI: 21.1-49.4 %), 55.0 % (95%CI: 27.9-79.5 %), and 33.7 % (95%CI: 19.6-51.5 %), respectively. The ORs of COVID-19 pandemic for postpartum depressive and anxiety symptoms were 1.54 (95 % CI: 1.00-2.36) and 2.56 (95%CI: 1.62-4.04). Subgroup analyses revealed that women with >6 weeks after delivery, younger than 35 years old, low income, less education and without breastfeeding experienced a higher risk of depressive or anxiety symptoms after delivery. LIMITATIONS Only a few of prospective studies were included, and significant but inevitable heterogeneities were found in some analyses. CONCLUSION A significantly higher proportion of postpartum women were suffered from psychological symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in those with >6 weeks after delivery, younger than 35 years old, low income, less education and formula feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chenghong Yin
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, China.
| | - Wentao Yue
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, China.
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9
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Altendahl MR, Xu L, Asiodu I, Boscardin J, Gaw SL, Flaherman VJ, Jacoby VL, Richards MC, Krakow D, Afshar Y. Patterns of Peripartum Depression and Anxiety During the Pre-Vaccine COVID-19 Pandemic. RESEARCH SQUARE 2022:rs.3.rs-2294673. [PMID: 36561172 PMCID: PMC9774217 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2294673/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Pregnant people are vulnerable to new or worsening mental health conditions. This study aims to describe prevalence and course of symptomatic depression and anxiety in pregnancy during the pre-vaccine COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This is a prospective cohort study of pregnant individuals with known or suspected COVID-19. Participants completed Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Generalized-Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaires at 34weeks gestational age, 6-8weeks postpartum, and 6months postpartum. Prevalence of symptomatic depression and anxiety at each visit was described. Univariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between demographic and clinical factors and symptomatic depression or anxiety. Results 317 participantswere included. The prevalence of antepartum depression was 14.6%, 10.3%, and 20.6% at 34weeks gestational age, 6-8weeks postpartum, and 6months postpartum, respectively. The rate of anxiety was 15.1%, 10.0%, and 17.3% at 34weeks gestational age, 6-8weeks postpartum, and 6months postpartum, respectively. A prior history of depression and/or anxiety (p's<0.03), as well as higher EPDS and GAD-7 scores at enrollment (p's<0.04) associated with depression and anxiety throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period. Quarantining during pregnancy was associated with symptomatic anxiety at 34weeks gestational age in univariate (P=0.027) analyses. COVID-19 diagnosis and hospitalization were not associated with depression or anxiety. Conclusions Depression and anxiety were prevalent throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period, particularly in those with prior depression and/or anxiety and who quarantined. Strategies that target social isolation may mitigate potential adverse consequences for pregnant people, and continued vigilance in recognition of depression and anxiety in pregnancy should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liwen Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles
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Adesanya AM, Barrett S, Moffat M, Aquino MRJ, Nicholson W, Turner G, Cook E, Tyndall S, Rankin J. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on expectant and new parents' experience of pregnancy, childbirth, breast feeding, parental responsiveness and sensitivity, and bonding and attunement in high-income countries: a systematic review of the evidence. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e066963. [PMID: 36523240 PMCID: PMC9748518 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the evidence on how pregnancy, birth experience, breast feeding, parental responsiveness and sensitivity, and bonding and attunement were impacted by COVID-19. METHODS We searched eight literature databases and websites of relevant UK-based organisations. The review focused on evidence during pregnancy and the early years (0-5 years). Studies of any study design published in English from 1 March 2020 to 15 March 2021 and conducted in high-income countries were included. Screening and data extraction were undertaken in duplicate. Evidence was synthesised using a narrative approach. Study quality of included studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS The search yielded 9776 publications, of which 26 met our inclusion criteria. Significant knowledge gaps on how COVID-19 affected pregnancy and breast feeding limited healthcare providers' ability to provide consistent evidence-based information and care at the start of the pandemic. There was an enduring sense of loss about loved ones being restricted from taking part in key moments. Parents were concerned about the limitations of virtual healthcare provision. Some parents reported more opportunities for responsive breast feeding and improved parent-infant bonding due to reduced social and work pressures. Women from minoritised ethnic groups were less likely to continue breast feeding and attributed this to a lack of face-to-face support. CONCLUSIONS The evidence suggests that new and expectant families have been both negatively and positively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting restrictions. The impacts on parents' opportunities to bond with their young children and to be attuned to their needs were felt unequally. It is important that emergency response policies consider the mother and the partner as a family unit when making changes to the delivery of maternal and child health and care services, so as to mitigate the impact on the family and existing health inequalities. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021236769.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adenike Motunrayo Adesanya
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Simon Barrett
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Malcolm Moffat
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Maria Raisa Jessica Aquino
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North East and North Cumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Wendy Nicholson
- Office of Health Improvement and Disparities, UK Department of Health and Social Care, London, UK
| | - Gillian Turner
- Office of Health Improvement and Disparities, UK Department of Health and Social Care, London, UK
| | - Emma Cook
- Office of Health Improvement and Disparities, UK Department of Health and Social Care, London, UK
| | - Sarah Tyndall
- Office of Health Improvement and Disparities, UK Department of Health and Social Care, London, UK
| | - Judith Rankin
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North East and North Cumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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11
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Depressive Symptoms in Mothers With Infants: The Quantitative Evidence of the Association of COVID-19 Crisis-Related Factors in Japan. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 17:e223. [PMID: 35929356 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explores the depressive symptoms in postpartum women during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis in Japan. METHODS An online survey conducted from May 31 to June 6, 2020 resulted in 3073 responses obtained from mothers with infants < 12 mo. RESULTS The point prevalence of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score of ≥ 9 was 28.66% for primipara and 25.83% for multipara. Logistic regression analysis indicated a negative association between the COVID-19 crisis and EPDS ≥ 9; specifically, decreased social support and financial concern were identified as risk factors. The COVID-19-related experiences significantly increased the score of each factor of EPDS, ie, anxiety, anhedonia, and depression. CONCLUSIONS During the COVID-19 crisis, the number of mothers who faced depreciation in social support and income had increased. Moreover, spending their perinatal period during the crisis increased the propensity of facing unexpected changes, such as changes of hospitals for delivery, or cancellation of parenting classes. These multiple factors were associated with an elevated risk of depression in postpartum women. In a prolonged crisis, postpartum mental health should be treated carefully with the prevention of infection.
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12
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Prandini NR, Souza SRRK, Resende ACAP, Freitas EAMD, Serrato JT, Skupien SV. Mental Health of Postpartum Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrative Review. AQUICHAN 2022. [DOI: 10.5294/aqui.2022.22.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify and analyze the scientific evidence on the mental health of postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This integrative review was carried out using the VHL, CINAHL, PubCovid, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, whose research question was “What is the scientific evidence on the mental health of postpartum women during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic?” Results: Ten articles in English were included, identifying a higher frequency of cross-sectional research (n = 4), publications in November 2020 (n = 3), conducted in Italy (n = 3), with level VI evidence (n = 6). The study found that postpartum women feel depressed, lonely, and afraid; attention is drawn to the worsening risk of postpartum depression with significant prevalence values. It points out factors that negatively influence the mental health of this population in the current pandemic and discloses care measures. Conclusions: In addition to previous characteristics, socioeconomic conditions (e.g., living in highly infected areas, unemployment) and elements inherent to this pandemic (e.g., distance and fear of contagion) negatively influence the mental health of postpartum women. Means of dealing with the conditions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic are available, such as relaxation techniques, physical exercise, and professional support. The relevance and need for research on this theme, mostly nationally, are highlighted.
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13
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Erten Ö, Biyik İ, Soysal C, Ince O, Keskin N, Tascı Y. Effect of the Covid 19 pandemic on depression and mother-infant bonding in uninfected postpartum women in a rural region. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:227. [PMID: 35305584 PMCID: PMC8934050 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postpartum depression and maternal-infant attachment scores were examined in uninfected women during the COVID 19 pandemic in Kutahya, a rural province in Turkey's North Aegean region. Methods This cohort study was conducted in the Kutahya Health Sciences University Hospital obstetrics unit between April 2021 and August 2021. 178 low-risk term pregnant women who gave birth were given the surveys Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale and Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBQ) 6 weeks after birth. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale was used to determine postpartum depression and the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale was used to determine maternal attachment. Results In this study, the postpartum depression rate was calculated as 17.4%. When depressed and non-depressed patients were compared, education level, maternal age, BMI, MIBQ score, history of previous pregnancies, route of delivery, previous operation history, economic status, employment status and pregnancy follow-up information were found to be similar (p > 0.05). The ratings on the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale were found to be similar in depressed and non-depressed patients (p > 0.05). The odds of maternal depression for patients who received guests at home was 3.068 (95%CI [1.149–8.191]) times the odds of patients who did not receive guests at home. Conclusions Although a relationship has been found between accepting guests in the postpartum period and postpartum depression, it is necessary to investigate in further studies whether there is a causal relationship.
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14
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Christie HE, Beetham K, Stratton E, Francois ME. “Worn-out but happy”: Postpartum Women's Mental Health and Well-Being During COVID-19 Restrictions in Australia. Front Glob Womens Health 2022; 2:793602. [PMID: 35072152 PMCID: PMC8777212 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2021.793602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: From late 2019, COVID-19 disease has infiltrated the global population causing widespread challenges to public health. One cohort that has received less attention, but who may be more vulnerable to the mental and physical health related impacts of COVID-19 restrictions are postpartum mothers. The aim of this study was to explore the mental health, well-being, and health behaviours of mothers up to 12 months postpartum whilst living in Australia under COVID-19 level 3 and 4 restrictions. Methods: 351 women in their first year postpartum residing in Australia whilst under level 3/4 social distancing restrictions (during April 13 and June 11, 2020) were recruited to participate in an online questionnaire. The survey measured symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS), wellness (SF-36), physical activity (Godin-Shephard score), perceived value of health outcomes, diet, and sleep. Descriptive statistics and linear regressions were performed. Results: Data was analysed for 139 eligible women. Of these women, 74% scored “normal” for depression, 84% for anxiety, and 72% for stress. Over half (58%) of women reported being worn out all, most, or a good bit of the time and 77% reported being a happy person all, most, or a good bit of the time. Analysis of the perceived values of health outcome revealed women had high value for “getting out of the house,” “achieving a better overall mood,” and “to feel better physically.” Women were considered physically active according to the Godin Leisure score, however only 41% of women met the current Australian national physical activity guidelines of 150 min.week−1. Conclusions: Overall the majority of postpartum mums that were surveyed, have normal mental health symptoms, and despite being worn out most are happy at least a good bit of the time. This study highlights the importance of health values in maintaining leisure physical activity and mental health. In addition it appears women may benefit from virtual group exercise and community programs to encourage being physically active and socialising with friends simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Christie
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Kassia Beetham
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Banyo, QLD, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Stratton
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Monique E. Francois
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Monique E. Francois
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15
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Vieira LG, Camargo ELJS, Schneider G, Rocatti da Silva GP, Thomazini M, Possani MA, Matioli MR, de Sousa Ibiapina AR. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Pregnant and Puerperal Women: A Systematic Review. Open Nurs J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874434602115010388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused negative impacts on the physical and mental health of the population worldwide. Pregnant and puerperal women comprise the population most vulnerable to impacts on mental health.
Objective:
To synthesize the scientific evidence on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of pregnant and puerperal women.
Methods:
This systematic review focused on answering the question “what is the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of pregnant and puerperal women?” In order to perform the search of the studies, we used combinations of keywords: pregnant, puerperal, prenatal, perinatal, mental health, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2. We identified 132 studies from the databases and 18 studies from preprints. In total, we elected 14 studies and another four studies by manual search, making up a total of 18 studies, to compose the final sample of this review.
Results:
Anxiety and depression were the main outcomes found, being shown in 15 and 11 studies, respectively. Other outcomes found in more than one study were: concerns related to several factors, loneliness, stress, and fear.
Conclusion:
From this review, we can infer that the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the mental health of pregnant and puerperal women, with depression and anxiety being the most frequent changes. The social detachment, the media pressure, the fear of contracting the infection, the economic scenario, and the rupture of family rituals are shown as intensifying factors of psychological distress, thus causing changes in the mental health of these women.
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16
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Usmani S, Greca E, Javed S, Sharath M, Sarfraz Z, Sarfraz A, Salari SW, Hussaini SS, Mohammadi A, Chellapuram N, Cabrera E, Ferrer G. Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Literature Review. J Prim Care Community Health 2021; 12:21501327211059348. [PMID: 34894838 PMCID: PMC8671662 DOI: 10.1177/21501327211059348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating worldwide effect on mental health. Recent studies correlate the spreading of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with symptoms of depression, most prominent in postpartum women. Our systematic literature review scope is to identify the risk factors and predictors for postpartum depression (PPD) and describe the steps that should be taken to help postpartum women. This study will help clinicians, researchers, and policymakers to elucidate the predictors of PPD during this pandemic and prevent these adverse outcomes in future crises. METHODS We conducted a systematic search by employing databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Embase to identify articles published before March 2021. About 463 publications were generated during our search process and from those, 36 were reviewed, summarized, and synthesized. Studies qualified the criteria if they (1) utilized qualitative or quantitative design, (2) explored the risk factors for PPD, and (3) were written in English. Quality evaluation of each study was achieved by using criteria set by Lincoln and Guba. RESULTS Prevalence of depression symptoms ranged from 7% to 80.8% in postpartum women during the SARS-COV 2 pandemic. The risk factors for PPD were classified into 6 major categories: socio-demographic, psychological, pre-existing pathology, metabolic factors, previous events of miscarriage, and media misinformation. CONCLUSION It is extremely vital to care for women's mental health during pregnancy and after childbirth during these unprecedented times. This review urges the need to design adequate interventions for this vulnerable population to prevent negative consequences of PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elona Greca
- Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sana Javed
- Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Zouina Sarfraz
- Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL, USA
- Zouina Sarfraz, Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Larkin Community Hospital, 7031 SW 62nd Avenue, South Miami, FL 33143, USA.
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17
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Chang O, Layton H, Amani B, Merza D, Owais S, Van Lieshout RJ. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of women seeking treatment for postpartum depression. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:9086-9092. [PMID: 34882058 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.2014810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While research has examined the mental health of general population samples of postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic, the pandemic's impact on women seeking treatment for postpartum depression (PPD) is not well known. This study compared levels of depression and anxiety, the quality of social relationships, and the temperament of infants of treatment-seeking mothers in Ontario, Canada prior to and during the pandemic. METHODS Mothers with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores ≥10 and seeking treatment for PPD prior to COVID-19 (n = 100) were compared to those who sought treatment during the pandemic (n = 120). Mothers self-reported symptoms of depression, worry/anxiety, partner relationship quality, social support, as well as aspects of the mother-infant relationship and infant temperament. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in symptoms of depression, anxiety, or the quality of social relationships between women seeking treatment for PPD before or during the pandemic. However, mothers reported poorer relationships with their infants, and there was evidence of more negative emotionality in their infants during COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS The pandemic may not have worsened depression, anxiety, relationships with partners, or social support in mothers seeking treatment for PPD, but appears to have contributed to poorer mother-infant interactions and maternal reports of more negative emotionality in their infants. These findings highlight the importance of identifying women with possible PPD, supporting mother-infant interactions, and monitoring their infants during COVID-19 and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswin Chang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Haley Layton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Bahar Amani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Donya Merza
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Sawayra Owais
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ryan J Van Lieshout
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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18
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Early Postpartum Stress, Anxiety, Depression, and Resilience Development among Danish First-Time Mothers before and during First-Wave COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211734. [PMID: 34831493 PMCID: PMC8617887 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
On 11 March 2020, a lockdown to limit the spread of COVID-19 was implemented in Denmark. The pandemic and the lockdown might have caused stress, depression, and anxiety in new mothers. Individuals with high resilience to stress may have been less affected. This study aimed to investigate if changes in perceived stress, anxiety, depression, and resilience from the second trimester until two months postpartum were different before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark in spring 2020. Pregnant women enrolled in an ongoing feasibility study completed an online questionnaire measuring perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and resilience in the second trimester and two months postpartum. Changes in scores between women completing the two-month postpartum questionnaire before (n = 26) or during (n = 47) the COVID-19 pandemic were calculated. No statistically significant differences in changes from baseline to follow-up between pre- and during-pandemic groups in Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS), or the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were found. Adjusted differences in group means were as follows: PSS: 0.70 (CI—2.45; 3.85); DASS Stress: 0.76 (CI—3.59; 2.08); DASS Anxiety: 0.47 (CI—0.84; 1.77); DASS Depression: 0.88 (CI—0.95; 2.71); and CD-RISC: 1.19 (CI—3.16; 5.54). In conclusion, we did not find significant differences in the development of stress, depression, anxiety, or resilience before or during the Danish COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020.
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19
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Matsushima M, Tsuno K, Okawa S, Hori A, Tabuchi T. Trust and well-being of postpartum women during the COVID-19 crisis: Depression and fear of COVID-19. SSM Popul Health 2021; 15:100903. [PMID: 34485675 PMCID: PMC8403755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
During crisis, trust has been found to have a buffering effect in the prevention of the deterioration of mental well-being, as trust is considered to reflect the individual's capability to gain social resources including both formal and informal support. Additionally, during the COVID-19 pandemic, political trust has been found to reduce anxiety. Taking these findings into account, this study explores the association of generalised and political trust with mental well-being on current postpartum women who were particularly at risk due to a decline in social support leaving them an increased burden of caring newborns during the pandemic. We conducted a crosssectional survey in October 2020 in Japan (n=558). Depressive symptoms (above the cutoff of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)) and Fear of Coronavirus-19 Scale (FCV-19S) scores were used as mental well-being indicators. Generalised and political trust were captured by binary variables. Results of regression analyses, in which covariates were fully adjusted, showed that higher generalised trust had a statistically significant association with lower possibility of depressive symptoms and a lower FCV-19S score, while political trust was not significantly associated with either indicator. For further understanding, we divided respondents into two groups; women living in cities where higher COVID-19 cases were reported and women living in areas with lower COVID-19 cases, to test whether the role of trust differs depending on the infection spread status. It was found that a higher generalised trust was significantly associated with a lower probability of having depressive symptoms in the areas with lower COVID-19 cases. However, statistical significance was not observed in the areas with high COVID-19 cases. This highlighted that even postpartum women who were normally capable of receiving formal and informal social support need to be taken care of in the current situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Matsushima
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences/R&D Center for Smart Wellness City Policies, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kanami Tsuno
- School of Health Innovation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sumiyo Okawa
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Ai Hori
- Department of Global Public Health, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
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20
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Development of the COVID-19 Perinatal Perception Questionnaire (COVID19-PPQ). JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2021; 43:735-744. [PMID: 34305303 PMCID: PMC8285281 DOI: 10.1007/s10862-021-09900-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic affects the mental health status of perinatal women, which makes it important to gain insight into and to effectively measure specific stressors of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, we aimed to develop a COVID-19 Perinatal Perception Questionnaire (COVID19-PPQ). In-depth interviews were conducted during the first national lockdown period with pregnant women, new mothers and perinatal healthcare professionals, resulting in (a) a 27-item pregnancy and (b) a 21-item postpartum scale. Explorative factor analyses (EFA) in sample Ia (N = 154) and Ib (N = 90), and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) in sample IIa (N = 113) and IIb (N = 81) were conducted to test the psychometric properties of both scales. For the pregnancy scale, EFA suggested a three-factor solution (risk of infection, contact, future), which was confirmed by CFA and resulted in a final nine-item scale. For the postpartum scale, a three-factor solution (first postpartum week, COVID-19 measures, fear for infection) was suggested by EFA and confirmed by CFA, resulting in a final ten-item scale. Symptoms of depression and pregnancy-specific distress were significantly correlated with the pregnancy (sub)scale(s), while symptoms of postpartum depression and anxiety showed significant correlations with the COVID-19 measures and fear for infection subscale. The COVID19-PPQ seems to be a valid instrument for assessment of perinatal COVID-19-related stress perception, showing adequate psychometric properties for both the pregnancy and postpartum scale. Future research should examine the use of this instrument in clinical practice during new episodes of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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21
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Murphy JK, Khan A, Sun Q, Minas H, Hatcher S, Ng CH, Withers M, Greenshaw A, Michalak EE, Chakraborty PA, Sandanasamy KS, Ibrahim N, Ravindran A, Chen J, Nguyen VC, Lam RW. Needs, gaps and opportunities for standard and e-mental health care among at-risk populations in the Asia Pacific in the context of COVID-19: a rapid scoping review. Int J Equity Health 2021; 20:161. [PMID: 34253198 PMCID: PMC8274266 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-021-01484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to have profound mental health impact, including in the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) region. Some populations might be at higher risk of experiencing negative mental health impacts and may encounter increased barriers to accessing mental health care. The pandemic and related restrictions have led to changes in care delivery, including a rapid shift to the use of e-mental health and digital technologies. It is therefore essential to consider needs and opportunities for equitable mental health care delivery to the most at-risk populations. This rapid scoping review: 1) identifies populations in the APEC region that are at higher risk of the negative mental health impacts of COVID-19, 2) identifies needs and gaps in access to standard and e-mental health care among these populations, and 3) explores the potential of e-mental health to address these needs. Methods We conducted a rapid scoping review following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). We searched Medline, Embase and PsychInfo databases and Google Scholar using a search strategy developed in consultation with a biomedical librarian. We included records related to mental health or psychosocial risk factors and COVID-19 among at-risk groups; that referred to one or more APEC member economies or had a global, thus generalizable, scope; English language papers, and papers with full text available. Results A total of 132 records published between December 2019 and August 2020 were included in the final analysis. Several priority at-risk populations, risk factors, challenges and recommendations for standard and e-mental health care were identified. Results demonstrate that e-mental health care can be a viable option for care delivery but that specific accessibility and acceptability considerations must be considered. Options for in-person, hybrid or “low-tech” care must also remain available. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for equitable standard and e-mental health care. It has also highlighted the persistent social and structural inequities that contribute to poor mental health. The APEC region is vast and diverse; findings from the region can guide policy and practice in the delivery of equitable mental health care in the region and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill K Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine; APEC Digital Hub for Mental Health, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada.
| | - Amna Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2255 Westbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Qiumeng Sun
- Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, 650 Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Harry Minas
- Global and Cultural Mental Health, Level 4, 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Carlton, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Simon Hatcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Roger Guindon Hall, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Chee H Ng
- Healthscope Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Mellissa Withers
- USC Keck School of Medicine, USC Institute on Inequalities in Global Health, Los Angeles, USA.,APRU Global Health Program, 2001 N Soto Street SSB 318G, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Andrew Greenshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, Scientific Director, APEC Digital Hub for Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, 4-142M Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Erin E Michalak
- APEC Digital Hub for Mental Health, University of British Columbia, 420-5950 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Promit Ananyo Chakraborty
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Karen Sharmini Sandanasamy
- Mental Health, Substance Abuse and Violence Injury Prevention, Non-Communicable Disease Section, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Level 2, Block E3, Putrajaya, Malaysia.,Precinct 1, Federal Government Administrative Complex, 62590, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Nurashikin Ibrahim
- Mental Health, Substance Abuse and Violence Injury Prevention, Non-Communicable Disease Section, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Level 2, Block E3, Putrajaya, Malaysia.,Precinct 1, Federal Government Administrative Complex, 62590, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Arun Ravindran
- Global Mental Health Affairs & The Office of Fellowship Training, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate Faculty, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes St, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada
| | - Jun Chen
- Office for Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Vu Cong Nguyen
- Institute of Population, Health and Development, ICON4 Tower, 243a Đường La Thành, Láng Thượng, Đống Đa, Hà Nội, 117222, Vietnam
| | - Raymond W Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Mood Disorders Centre, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, Canada.,APEC Digital Hub for Mental Health, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada
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22
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Demissie DB, Bitew ZW. Mental health effect of COVID-19 pandemic among women who are pregnant and/or lactating: A systematic review and meta-analysis. SAGE Open Med 2021; 9:20503121211026195. [PMID: 34262762 PMCID: PMC8243107 DOI: 10.1177/20503121211026195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the prevalence of anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia, and social dysfunction among pregnant and/or lactating women and to measure the global pooled prevalence of mental health effects among these populations in the era of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. METHODS Comprehensive literature searching was conducted and studies published from 1 January 2020 to 30 September 2020 reporting the prevalence of anxiety, depression; stress, insomnia, and social dysfunctions were included. The pooled prevalence of anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia, and social dysfunctions was estimated using a random-effect model. In this study, all statistical analyses were performed using STATA (version 15) software. RESULTS There were a total of 19 studies included in the meta-analysis, of which 16, 14, 4, 2, and 2 studies were included in computing the pooled prevalence of anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia, and social dysfunction, respectively. The pooled prevalence of anxiety was 33% (95% confidence interval: 50%-61%), with significant heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 99.68%, p = 0.001). The pooled prevalence of depression was 27% (95% confidence interval: 9%-45%), with remarkable heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 99.29%, p = 0.001). Likewise, the pooled prevalence of stress was 56% (95% confidence interval: 30.07%-82.22%), with significant heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 98.8%, p = 0.0001). The pooled prevalence of social dysfunction was 24.3% (95% confidence interval: 13.41%-62.03%), with significant heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 97.5%, p = 0.0001) and finally, the pooled prevalence of insomnia was 33.53% (95% confidence interval: 3.05%-64.0%), with significant heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 99.6%, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In this study, the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic among pregnant and lactating women were found to be significant. Stress was the most common mental health problem in these population groups. Therefore, policymakers and health planners should give great emphasis to addressing maternal mental well-being during and after this global health crisis. Maternal mental health must be one of the international and national public health priority agendas to enhance the well-being of pregnant and lactating women. Besides, giving psychological support to pregnant and lactating women may reduce the long-term negative effects of this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zebenay Workneh Bitew
- School of Nursing, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium
Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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23
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Iyengar U, Jaiprakash B, Haitsuka H, Kim S. One Year Into the Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Mental Health Outcomes During COVID-19. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:674194. [PMID: 34248710 PMCID: PMC8264436 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.674194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstetric guidelines have rapidly evolved to incorporate new data and research on the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), with data on perinatal mental health building over the last year. Our aim in the present manuscript is to provide a systematic review of mental health outcomes in pregnant and postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of neonatal and obstetric guidelines addressing symptoms and complications of COVID-19 during pregnancy, mother-to-neonate transmission, Cesarean-section delivery, neonatal prematurity, maternal/neonate mortalities, maternal-neonatal separation, and breastfeeding. We summarize data from 81 mental health studies of pregnant and postpartum women and underscore protective and risk factors identified for perinatal mental health outcomes amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Data reviewed here suggest increased psychological symptoms, especially depressive and anxiety symptoms, in pregnant and postpartum women during COVID-19. Our systematic review integrates the most current obstetric and neonate guidelines, along with perinatal mental health outcomes associated with COVID-19, highlighting the best available data for the care of women and their neonates amidst the current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udita Iyengar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), London, United Kingdom
| | - Bhavisha Jaiprakash
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), London, United Kingdom
| | - Hanako Haitsuka
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sohye Kim
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
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24
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Morniroli D, Consales A, Colombo L, Bezze EN, Zanotta L, Plevani L, Fumagalli M, Mosca F, Giannì ML. Exploring the Impact of Restricted Partners' Visiting Policies on Non-Infected Mothers' Mental Health and Breastfeeding Rates during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126347. [PMID: 34208247 PMCID: PMC8296174 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Changes in perinatal care occurring during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may negatively affect mothers' mental health and breastfeeding. This study, performed between April and May 2020, aimed to investigate the effect of restricted partners' visiting policies on non-infected mother's anxiety symptoms, the perceived postpartum support, and the breastfeeding outcomes at discharge. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a neonatal tertiary referral center in northern Italy during Italy's lockdown. We enrolled mothers with a negative nasopharyngeal swab for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), adequate oral and written comprehension of the Italian language, and absence of underlying maternal or neonatal clinical conditions. Maternal anxiety levels were assessed through the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Form Y (STAI-Y). Maternal perception of staff's support was evaluated by the Nurse Parent Support Tool (NPST). A STATE-A (concurrent emotional state after a specific situation) score ≥ 40 was considered indicative of clinically significant symptoms of anxiety. A total of 109 mothers completed the study. Mean STATE-A score was ≥40 in 42% of mothers, and median NPST score was 4.23. Mothers separated from their partner had a mean STATE-A score ≥ 40 in a higher percentage of cases than those who were not (51% vs. 30%, p = 0.03) and a lower perception of caregiver support. A NPST score ≤4.23, partner 's absence during the hospital stay and primiparity were independently associated with a STATE-A score ≥ 40. Breastfeeding rates at discharge were not influenced by maternal anxiety levels and partner's restricted policies. Instead, they were influenced by mode of delivery, a well-known risk factor, and pre-pandemic intention to breastfeed. Our study demonstrates the positive impact of a partner's presence on maternal mental health and perception of caregiver support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Morniroli
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (L.C.); (E.N.B.); (L.Z.); (L.P.); (M.F.); (F.M.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Alessandra Consales
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-025503-2907
| | - Lorenzo Colombo
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (L.C.); (E.N.B.); (L.Z.); (L.P.); (M.F.); (F.M.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Elena Nicoletta Bezze
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (L.C.); (E.N.B.); (L.Z.); (L.P.); (M.F.); (F.M.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Lidia Zanotta
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (L.C.); (E.N.B.); (L.Z.); (L.P.); (M.F.); (F.M.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Laura Plevani
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (L.C.); (E.N.B.); (L.Z.); (L.P.); (M.F.); (F.M.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Monica Fumagalli
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (L.C.); (E.N.B.); (L.Z.); (L.P.); (M.F.); (F.M.); (M.L.G.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Mosca
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (L.C.); (E.N.B.); (L.Z.); (L.P.); (M.F.); (F.M.); (M.L.G.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Lorella Giannì
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (L.C.); (E.N.B.); (L.Z.); (L.P.); (M.F.); (F.M.); (M.L.G.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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25
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Sun F, Zhu J, Tao H, Ma Y, Jin W. A systematic review involving 11,187 participants evaluating the impact of COVID-19 on anxiety and depression in pregnant women. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 42:91-99. [PMID: 33327827 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2020.1857360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has started to spread within China since the end of December 2019. As a special population, the pregnant and delivery women maybe influenced both in physical and psychological aspects. The meta-analysis was conducted about mental health in pregnant and delivery women. METHODS We searched both MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library in English and CBM, CNKI, WANFANG and CSSCI in Chinese to find literature from December 2019 to 31 July 2020 related to COVID-19 and mental health in patient with pregnancy and delivery, among which results such as comments, letters, reviews and case reports were excluded. The prevalence of anxiety and depression in the population was synthesized and discussed. RESULTS A total of 11,187 subjects were included in 15 studies. Random effect model is used to account for the data by Revman 5.2. The results showed that the prevalence of depression was 30% (95% CI: 0.23-0.37), the prevalence of anxiety was 34% (95% CI: 0.26-0.43) and prevalence of both anxiety and depression was 18% (95% CI: 0.09-0.29). The prevalence of anxiety (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.39-3.31, Z = 3.47, p=.0005), depression (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.07-3.56, Z = 2.19, p=.03) were higher than that of controls. Significant heterogeneity was detected across studies regarding these prevalence estimates. Subgroup analysis was taken according to assessment tools, and sensitivity analysis was done to explore the sources of heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS The higher prevalence of depression, anxiety, both depression and anxiety in women with pregnancy and delivery during COVID-19 pandemic although the significant heterogeneity detected in studies. We must interpret the results with caution and also put attention to this result. As the epidemic is ongoing, it is vital to set up a comprehensive crisis prevention system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Sun
- Zhejiang Province Mental Health Center, Zhejiang Province Tongde Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Hejian Tao
- The Second Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongchun Ma
- Zhejiang Province Mental Health Center, Zhejiang Province Tongde Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Jin
- Zhejiang Province Mental Health Center, Zhejiang Province Tongde Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,The Second Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Tongde Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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26
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An R, Chen X, Wu Y, Liu J, Deng C, Liu Y, Guo H. A survey of postpartum depression and health care needs among Chinese postpartum women during the pandemic of COVID-19. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2021; 35:172-177. [PMID: 33781396 PMCID: PMC7886635 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic seriously endangers the public's mental health, especially to pregnant and postpartum women. But little is known about postpartum depression and health care needs among Chinese postpartum women. AIM To investigate the status and risk factors of postpartum depression and health care needs among Chinese postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 209 Chinese postpartum women were recruited from May to July 2020 by convenience sampling and assessed online with self-designed Maternal General Information Questionnaire, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and Chinese Version of the Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS). Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS With the EPDS cut-off value of 10, the incidence of postpartum depressive symptoms was 56.9%. Age, history of abortion and perceived stress were the influencing factors of postpartum depression (adjusted R2 = 0.432, F = 23.611, p < .001). The top three health care needs were infant rearing guidance (78.0%), maternal and infant protection guidance (60.3%) and dietary guidance (45.0%). The proportion of psychological rehabilitation guidance needs in the depressed group was significantly higher than that in the non-depressed group (34.5% vs. 20.0%, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Maternal postpartum depression in China was at a high level during the COVID-19 pandemic. Women aged 25-34, with a history of abortion and high stress levels were at higher risk for postpartum depression. Timely psychological counselling, intervention and COVID-19-related health education are in great need for postpartum women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran An
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Nursing, Suizhou Hospital , Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Che Deng
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanqun Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Hongxia Guo
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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27
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Ollivier R, Aston DM, Price DS, Sim DM, Benoit DB, Joy DP, Iduye D, Nassaji NA. Mental Health & Parental Concerns during COVID-19: The Experiences of New Mothers Amidst Social Isolation. Midwifery 2021; 94:102902. [PMID: 33421662 DOI: 10.1016/i.midw.2020.102902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented situation for new parents, with public health orders greatly affecting daily life as well as various aspects of parenting and new parent wellbeing. OBJECTIVES To understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mothers/parents across Nova Scotia who are caring for a child 0-12 months of age. DESIGN This study utilized an online qualitative survey to collect data. Feminist poststructuralism and discourse analysis guided the analysis and discussion. SETTING Nova Scotia, Canada PARTICIPANTS: : 68 participants were recruited from across the province of Nova Scotia. FINDINGS Mental health and socialization were both major concerns for new mothers/parents, as many expressed feelings of worry, anxiety, loneliness, isolation, and stress. KEY CONCLUSIONS Online support was sought by many new mothers/parents as a way of supporting their own mental health. Some found ways to make it meaningful for them, while others believed that it could not replace or offer the same benefits as in-person interaction and support. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Informal and formal support systems are both essential for new mothers. As public health systems and health care services learn to adapt to COVID-19, further research is required to examine how health services may best meet the needs of new mothers/parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Ollivier
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, 5869 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2.
| | - Dr Megan Aston
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, 5869 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2.
| | - Dr Sheri Price
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, 5869 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2.
| | - Dr Meaghan Sim
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, 5869 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2.
| | - Dr Britney Benoit
- Rankin School of Nursing, St. Francis Xavier University, C251, Camden Hall, PO Box 5000, 2340 Notre Dame Avenue, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada B2G 2W5.
| | - Dr Phillip Joy
- Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3M 2J6.
| | - Damilola Iduye
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, 5869 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2.
| | - Neda Akbari Nassaji
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, 5869 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2.
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28
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Medina-Jimenez V, Bermudez-Rojas MDLL, Murillo-Bargas H, Rivera-Camarillo AC, Muñoz-Acosta J, Ramirez-Abarca TG, Esparza-Valencia DM, Angeles-Torres AC, Lara-Avila L, Hernandez-Muñoz VA, Madrigal-Tejeda FJ, Estudillo-Jimenez GE, Jacobo-Enciso LM, Torres-Torres J, Espino-Y-Sosa S, Baltazar-Martinez M, Villanueva-Calleja J, Nava-Sanchez AE, Mendoza-Carrera CE, Aguilar-Torres C, Celis-Gonzalez C, Martinez-Portilla RJ. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on depression and stress levels in pregnant women: a national survey during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:4438-4441. [PMID: 33243043 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1851675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 outbreak has been associated with a wide variety of psychiatric manifestations such as panic, anxiety, and depression. We aim to assess the impact of the COVID - 19 pandemic on the levels of stress and depression of pregnant women in Mexico. METHODS A cross-sectional web survey was carried out in pregnant women in 10 states of the Mexican Republic during the COVID-19 pandemic among public and private hospitals. The perception of stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale, while depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. RESULTS A total of 549 surveys were applied, of which 96.1% (n = 503) were included in the data analysis. The mean participant's age was 28.1 years old. The mean perceived stress scale score was 24. 33.2% (n = 167) of participants had a score equal to 27 points or more and were considered highly stressed. The mean depression score was 9. A total of 17.5% (n = 88) participants had more than 14 points on the Edinburgh's depression scale, and were considered depressed. Stress levels were higher at later gestational ages (p = .008). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 pandemic has caused mental health issues in pregnant women reflected by high perceived stress levels and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Medina-Jimenez
- State Center for Timely Prenatal Screening, León Guanajuato, Mexico.,Iberoamerican Research Network in Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Translational Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria de la Luz Bermudez-Rojas
- State Center for Timely Prenatal Screening, León Guanajuato, Mexico.,Iberoamerican Research Network in Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Translational Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Jairo Muñoz-Acosta
- Iberoamerican Research Network in Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Translational Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Leticia Lara-Avila
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department, Fetal Health of Mexico, Culiacan, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Johnatan Torres-Torres
- Iberoamerican Research Network in Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Translational Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Salvador Espino-Y-Sosa
- Iberoamerican Research Network in Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Translational Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico.,Clinical Research Division, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - César Aguilar-Torres
- Iberoamerican Research Network in Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Translational Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cuauhtemoc Celis-Gonzalez
- Iberoamerican Research Network in Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Translational Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raigam Jafet Martinez-Portilla
- Iberoamerican Research Network in Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Translational Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico.,Clinical Research Division, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico.,Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal. Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetricia i Neonatologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Suzuki S. Changes in psychological status of postpartum women due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:3012-3013. [PMID: 32883125 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1814250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Japanese Red Cross Katsushika Maternity Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Luo M, Guo L, Yu M, Jiang W, Wang H. The psychological and mental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on medical staff and general public - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2020; 291:113190. [PMID: 32563745 PMCID: PMC7276119 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 881] [Impact Index Per Article: 220.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused enormous psychological impact worldwide. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the psychological and mental impact of COVID-19 among healthcare workers, the general population, and patients with higher COVID-19 risk published between 1 Nov 2019 to 25 May 2020. We conducted literature research using Embase, PubMed, Google scholar and WHO COVID-19 databases. Among the initial search of 9207 studies, 62 studies with 162,639 participants from 17 countries were included in the review. The pooled prevalence of anxiety and depression was 33% (95% confidence interval: 28%-38%) and 28% (23%-32%), respectively. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was the highest among patients with pre-existing conditions and COVID-19 infection (56% [39%-73%] and 55% [48%-62%]), and it was similar between healthcare workers and the general public. Studies from China, Italy, Turkey, Spain and Iran reported higher-than-pooled prevalence among healthcare workers and the general public. Common risk factors included being women, being nurses, having lower socioeconomic status, having high risks of contracting COVID-19, and social isolation. Protective factors included having sufficient medical resources, up-to-date and accurate information, and taking precautionary measures. In conclusion, psychological interventions targeting high-risk populations with heavy psychological distress are in urgent need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 965(th) Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the People's Liberation Army of China, Jilin, 132011 China.
| | - Lixia Guo
- Department of Psychology, 96605 Army Hospital, Jilin, 134001 China.
| | - Mingzhou Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 965(th) Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the People's Liberation Army of China, Jilin, 132011 China.
| | - Wenying Jiang
- Department of Disease Control, The 965(th) Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the People's Liberation Army of China, Jilin, 132011 China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China.
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31
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Hagenbeck C, Pecks U, Fehm T, Borgmeier F, Schleußner E, Zöllkau J. [Pregnancy, birth, and puerperium with SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19]. DER GYNAKOLOGE 2020; 53:614-623. [PMID: 32836333 PMCID: PMC7357434 DOI: 10.1007/s00129-020-04637-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Hagenbeck
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - U. Pecks
- Campus Kiel, Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Deutschland
| | - T. Fehm
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - F. Borgmeier
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - E. Schleußner
- Klinik für Geburtsmedizin, Universität Jena, Jena, Deutschland
| | - J. Zöllkau
- Klinik für Geburtsmedizin, Universität Jena, Jena, Deutschland
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