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Lopes-Lima M, Gürlek ME, Kebapçı Ü, Şereflişan H, Yanık T, Mirzajani A, Neubert E, Prié V, Teixeira A, Gomes-Dos-Santos A, Barros-García D, Bolotov IN, Kondakov AV, Vikhrev IV, Tomilova AA, Özcan T, Altun A, Gonçalves DV, Bogan AE, Froufe E. Diversity, biogeography, evolutionary relationships, and conservation of Eastern Mediterranean freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 163:107261. [PMID: 34273504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Located at the junction between Europe, Africa, and Asia, with distinct evolutionary origins and varied ecological and geographical settings, together with a marked history of changes in orogeny and configuration of the main river basins, turned the Eastern Mediterranean into a region of high diversity and endemism of freshwater taxa. Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia, Unionidae) from the Western Palearctic have been widely studied in their European range, but little attention has been dedicated to these taxa in the Eastern Mediterranean region and their diversity and phylogeography are still poorly understood. The present study aims to resolve the diversity, biogeography, and evolutionary relationships of the Eastern Mediterranean freshwater mussels. To that end, we performed multiple field surveys, phylogenetic analyses, and a thorough taxonomic revaluation. We reassessed the systematics of all Unionidae species in the region, including newly collected specimens across Turkey, Israel, and Iran, combining COI + 16S + 28S and COI phylogenies with molecular species delineation methods. Phylogeographical patterns were characterized based on published molecular data, newly sequenced specimens, and species distribution data, as well as ancestral range estimations. We reveal that Unionidae species richness in the Eastern Mediterranean is over 70% higher than previously assumed, counting 19 species within two subfamilies, the Unioninae (14) and Gonideinae (5). We propose two new species, Anodonta seddonisp. nov. and Leguminaia anatolicasp. nov. Six additional taxa, Unio delicatusstat. rev., Unio eucirrusstat. rev., Unio huetistat. rev., Unio sesirmensisstat. rev., Unio terminalisstat. rev. removed from the synonymy of Unio tigridis, as well as Unio damascensisstat. rev. removed from the synonymy of Unio crassus, are re-described. The nominal taxa Unio rothi var. komarowi O. Boettger, 1880 and Unio armeniacus Kobelt, 1911 are proposed as new synonyms of Unio bruguierianus, and Anodonta cyrea Drouët, 1881 and Anodonta cilicica Kobelt & Rolle, 1895 as new synonyms of Anodonta anatina. Also, the presence of Unio tumidus in the Maritza River is confirmed. The phylogeographic patterns described here are interpreted concerning major past geological events. Conservation needs and implications are presented, together with populations and species conservation priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Lopes-Lima
- CIBIO/InBIO - Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, P 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; SSC/IUCN - Mollusc Specialist Group, Species Survival Commission, International Union for Conservation of Nature, c/o The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, CB2 3QZ Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Mustafa Emre Gürlek
- Burdur Vocational School of Food Agriculture and Livestock, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15100 Burdur, Turkey
| | - Ümit Kebapçı
- Biology Department of Art and Science Faculty, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Hülya Şereflişan
- Marine Sciences and Technology Faculty, Iskenderun Technical University, 31200 Iskenderun, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Telat Yanık
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Fishery, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Alireza Mirzajani
- Inland Waters Aquaculture Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 66, Bandar-e Anzali, Iran
| | - Eike Neubert
- Natural History Museum Bern, Bernastr. 15, CH-3005 Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Prié
- CIBIO/InBIO - Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Institute of Systematics, Evolution, Biodiversity (ISYEB), National Museum of Natural History (MNHN), CNRS, SU, EPHE, UA CP 51, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Amilcar Teixeira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - André Gomes-Dos-Santos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, P 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 1021/1055 Porto, Portugal
| | - David Barros-García
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, P 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ivan N Bolotov
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163000 Arkhangelsk, Russia; Northern Arctic Federal University, Northern Dvina Emb. 17, 163017 Arkhangelsk, Russia; Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander V Kondakov
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163000 Arkhangelsk, Russia; Northern Arctic Federal University, Northern Dvina Emb. 17, 163017 Arkhangelsk, Russia; Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ilya V Vikhrev
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163000 Arkhangelsk, Russia; Northern Arctic Federal University, Northern Dvina Emb. 17, 163017 Arkhangelsk, Russia; Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alena A Tomilova
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163000 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Tahir Özcan
- Marine Sciences and Technology Faculty, Iskenderun Technical University, 31200 Iskenderun, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Altun
- Marine Sciences and Technology Faculty, Iskenderun Technical University, 31200 Iskenderun, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Duarte V Gonçalves
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, P 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Arthur E Bogan
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, 11 West Jones St, Raleigh, NC 27601, United States
| | - Elsa Froufe
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, P 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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