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Saleki K, Alijanizadeh P, Azadmehr A. Is neuropilin-1 the neuroimmune initiator of multi-system hyperinflammation in COVID-19? Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115558. [PMID: 37748412 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A major immunopathological feature of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is excessive inflammation in the form of "cytokine storm". The storm is characterized by injurious levels of cytokines which form a complicated network damaging different organs, including the lungs and the brain. The main starter of "cytokine network" hyperactivation in COVID-19 has not been discovered yet. Neuropilins (NRPs) are transmembrane proteins that act as neuronal guidance and angiogenesis modulators. The crucial function of NRPs in forming the nervous and vascular systems has been well-studied. NRP1 and NRP2 are the two identified homologs of NRP. NRP1 has been shown as a viral entry pathway for SARS-CoV2, which facilitates neuroinvasion by the virus within the central or peripheral nervous systems. These molecules directly interact with various COVID-19-related molecules, such as specific regions of the spike protein (major immune element of SARS-CoV2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors, VEGFR1/2, and ANGPTL4 (regulator of vessel permeability and integrity). NRPs mainly play a role in hyperinflammatory injury of the CNS and lungs, and also the liver, kidney, pancreas, and heart in COVID-19 patients. New findings have suggested NRPs good candidates for pharmacotherapy of COVID-19. However, therapeutic targeting of NRP1 in COVID-19 is still in the preclinical phase. This review presents the implications of NRP1 in multi-organ inflammation-induced injury by SARS-CoV2 and provides insights for NRP1-targeting treatments for COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiarash Saleki
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Department of e-Learning, Virtual School of Medical Education and Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences(SBMU), Tehran, Iran; USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Parsa Alijanizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abbas Azadmehr
- Immunology Department, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Chopra B, Dhingra AK. Natural products: A lead for drug discovery and development. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4660-4702. [PMID: 33847440 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are used since ancient times in folklore for the treatment of various ailments. Plant-derived products have been recognized for many years as a source of therapeutic agents and structural diversity. A literature survey has been carried out to determine the utility of natural molecules and their modified analogs or derivatives as pharmacological active entities. This review presents a study on the importance of natural products in terms of drug discovery and development. It describes how the natural components can be utilized after small modifications in new perspectives. Various new modifications in structure offer a unique opportunity to establish a new molecular entity with better pharmacological potential. It was concluded that in this current era, new attempts are taken to utilize the compounds derived from natural sources as novel drug candidates, with a focus to find and discover new effective molecules that were referred to as "new entities of natural product drug discovery."
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Chopra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Dhingra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, India
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Nejatbakhsh F, Zareian MA, Yaseliani M, Abolhassani H. Evidence-Based Immunotherapeutic Effects of Herbal Compounds on Humoral Immunity: Ancient and New Approaches. Chin J Integr Med 2021; 27:313-320. [PMID: 33759045 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-021-3332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The human immune system represents a dynamic multiscale system with high complexity in biology. Humoral immunity, as the main branch of adaptive immunity, is characterized by differentiated stages of the B lymphocytes, producing the final product of antibodies that has a diversity of the tuning mechanisms within genetic and epigenetic levels in confrontation with environmental exposures. Disorders because of disturbed humoral immunity are linked with dysregulation of feedback-regulated signaling and the dynamic of immune components that determine the overall response. Food products, mainly herbal components have a significant role in tailoring the immune system micro-ecosystem which can diversify the adaptive nature of humoral immunity. Herein, we review the current evidence-based approaches for the impact of medicinal herbs on humoral immunity signaling and antibody production with a focus on immunotherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nejatbakhsh
- Department of Iranian Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14166, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Zareian
- Department of Iranian Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14166, Iran
| | - Mahdi Yaseliani
- Department of Iranian Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14166, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14194, Iran. .,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden.
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Askari SF, Avan R, Tayarani-Najaran Z, Sahebkar A, Eghbali S. Iranian Salvia species: A phytochemical and pharmacological update. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 183:112619. [PMID: 33373790 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Salvia is the largest genus of the Lamiaceae family, with over 900 species in the world which about 60 species are distributed in Iran, 17 of them are endemic. In Iran, Salvia species have been used to treat various diseases with a wide spectrum of pharmacological activity in vitro and in vivo. The present review summarizes the phytochemistry and pharmacology of medicinal Iranian Salvia species in order to describe their therapeutic potential for a range of diseases. . Phytochemical investigations reveal that the Iranian Salvia has a varied range of metabolites including terpenoids, flavonoids and phenolic acids. The most important pharmacological activities are antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory. Iranian Salvia traditionally used as carminatives, analgesics, digestive aids, antiseptics, sedative, anxiolytic, hypnotic, pain reduction and antidiabetic. Among the endemic species, the most interesting for human health are treating a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyedeh Fatemeh Askari
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Razieh Avan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), School of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zahra Tayarani-Najaran
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samira Eghbali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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Sadat-Hosseini M, Farajpour M, Boroomand N, Solaimani-Sardou F. Ethnopharmacological studies of indigenous medicinal plants in the south of Kerman, Iran. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 199:194-204. [PMID: 28167292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The aim of this study was to collect and document information concerning the medicinal plants used by indigenous people and traditional healers in the south of Kerman Province, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS Overall, 64 informants between the ages of 30 and 89 were interviewed about the modes of application and consumption of medicinal plants in the region. Quantitative analysis was conducted that included informant consensus factor (ICF), use value (UV), relative frequency of citation (RFC) and cultural importance index (CI). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the current study, a total of 115 medicinal plants in 41 families were reported in the south of the Kerman region. Apiaceae, Asteraceae and Lamiaceae (with 14 species each) were the families with the most medicinal plants. The most frequently used plant parts were leaves at 26.17% and aerial parts (23.49%). Decoction (53%), liniment (23%) and infusion (9%) were the most common preparation methods. The highest UVs were obtained from the following medicinal plants: Amygdalus eburnea Spach, Genista tinctoria L., Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand., Fortuynia garcinii (Burm.f.) Shuttlew. and Cerasus mahaleb (L.) Mill. The ICF results indicated that cold-flu and fever were the most common diseases (0.67) in the south of Kerman. CONCLUSION Based on the current study, the south of Kerman has many potential medicinal plants, and these plants should be the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sadat-Hosseini
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran; Department of Horticultural Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Farajpour
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Abourihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Naser Boroomand
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran; Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran.
| | - Farshad Solaimani-Sardou
- Department of Arid Land and Desert Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran.
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Zomorodian K, Ghadiri P, Saharkhiz MJ, Moein MR, Mehriar P, Bahrani F, Golzar T, Pakshir K, Fani MM. Antimicrobial activity of seven essential oils from Iranian aromatic plants against common causes of oral infections. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e17766. [PMID: 25793100 PMCID: PMC4353034 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.17766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Over the past two decades, there has been a growing trend in using oral hygienic products originating from natural resources such as essential oils (EOs) and plant extracts. Seven aromatic plants used in this study are among popular traditional Iranian medicinal plants with potential application in modern medicine as anti-oral infectious diseases. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from seven medicinal plants against pathogens causing oral infections. Materials and Methods: The chemical compositions of EOs distilled from seven plants were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). These plants included Satureja khuzestanica, S. bachtiarica, Ocimum sanctum, Artemisia sieberi, Zataria multiflora, Carum copticum and Oliveria decumbens. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was evaluated by broth micro-dilution in 96 well plates as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) methods. Results: The tested EOs inhibited the growth of examined oral pathogens at concentrations of 0.015-16 µL/mL. Among the examined oral pathogens, Enterococcus faecalis had the highest Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) and Minimum Microbicidal Concentrations (MMCs). Of the examined EOs, S. khuzestanica, Z. multiflora and S. bachtiarica, showed the highest antimicrobial activities, respectively, while Artemisia sieberi exhibited the lowest antimicrobial activity. Conclusions: The excellent antimicrobial activities of the tested EOs might be due to their major phenolic or alcoholic monoterpenes with known antimicrobial activities. Hence, these EOs can be possibly used as an antimicrobial agent in treatment and control of oral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamiar Zomorodian
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Pooria Ghadiri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Jamal Saharkhiz
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Moein
- Department of Pharmacognos, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Peiman Mehriar
- Florida Institute for Advanced Dental Education, Miami, Florida, USA
- Corresponding author: Peiman Mehriar, Florida Institute for Advanced Dental Education, Miami, Florida, USA. Tel: +1-3106503034, E-mail:
| | - Farideh Bahrani
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Tahereh Golzar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Keyvan Pakshir
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Fani
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
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Zarshenas MM, Krenn L. Phytochemical and Pharmacological Aspects of Salvia mirzayanii Rech. f. & Esfand. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2014; 20:65-72. [DOI: 10.1177/2156587214553938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia mirzayanii Rech. f. & Esfand is an endemic herbaceous plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. The plant grows in the center and south of Iran and is broadly used in folk medicine. This review focuses on phytochemical and pharmacological data of S mirzayanii. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Scientific Information Database (Iranian database involving English and Persian articles), and Google Scholar were searched for terms “ Salvia mirzayanii,” “Iranian sage,” “ Marv-e-Talkh,” and “ Moor-e-Talkh” in both Persian and English up to December 10, 2013. In line with the ethnopharmacological uses, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and insecticidal activities of different preparations of S mirzayanii have been shown in recent studies. The antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic strains has mainly been attributed to the essential oil of S mirzayanii, which in numerous analyses has been investigated either in plants of different origin or prepared by differing extraction methods. Despite the studies on antioxidant or antimicrobial activities, profound research on the toxicity or clinical properties of the herb is missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M. Zarshenas
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Liselotte Krenn
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Amirghofran Z, Ahmadi H, Karimi MH. IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF THE WATER EXTRACT OFThymus vulgaris, Thymus daenensis, ANDZataria multifloraON DENDRITIC CELLS AND T CELLS RESPONSES. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2012; 33:388-402. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2012.655822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ziaei A, Ramezani M, Wright L, Paetz C, Schneider B, Amirghofran Z. Identification of spathulenol in Salvia mirzayanii
and the immunomodulatory effects. Phytother Res 2010; 25:557-62. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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