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Liu S, Tang S, Gu D, Wang Y, Wang D, Yang Y. Preparation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill by high-speed counter-current chromatography: Comparison of conventional and consecutive separation. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5468. [PMID: 35904421 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis is a kind of plant with high medicinal value, which contains many medicinal ingredients, including 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. In the present study, an efficient method based on high-speed counter-current chromatography was established for the preparation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from Schisandra chinensis. Petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (2:5:2:5, v/v) was selected as the solvent system for high-speed counter-current chromatography. In order to improve the yield of single separation, the sample size was continuously optimized and improved. The result showed that 1250 mg was the most suitable sample size, and 41 mg of the target compound with 97% purity was obtained by a single run. To further improve the yield, consecutive high-speed counter-current chromatography was introduced and compared with the results of high-speed counter-current chromatography single run. The results showed that although the purity was reduced to 92%, 430 mg of the target compound was obtained from 12.5 g of ethanol extract within 670 min after 10 consecutive injections. It indicated that consecutive separation not only increased the yield of the target compound, but also saved the separation time and greatly improved the separation efficiency of high-speed counter-current chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Liu
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Shanshan Tang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Dongyu Gu
- College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Dazhi Wang
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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Schisandrin B Diet Inhibits Oxidative Stress to Reduce Ferroptosis and Lipid Peroxidation to Prevent Pirarubicin-Induced Hepatotoxicity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5623555. [PMID: 36060128 PMCID: PMC9433297 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5623555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective Pirarubicin (THP) is one of anthracycline anticancer drugs. It is widely used in the treatment of various cancers, but its hepatotoxicity cannot be ignored. Schisandrin B (SchB) is a traditional liver-protecting drug, which has the ability to promote mitochondrial function and upregulate cellular antioxidant defense mechanism. However, whether it can resist THP-induced hepatotoxicity has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to observe and explore the effect of SchB on THP-induced hepatotoxicity and its potential mechanism by adding SchB to the diet of rats with THP-induced hepatotoxicity. Methods The rat model of THP-induced hepatotoxicity was established and partly treated with SchB diet. The changes of serum liver function indexes ALT and AST were observed. The histomorphological changes of liver were observed by HE staining. The biomarker levels of oxidative stress in rat serum and liver were measured to observe oxidative stress state. The expressions of ferroptosis-related protein GPX4 and oxidative stress-related protein were detected by Western blot. Primary hepatocytes were prepared and cocultured with THP, SchB, and Fer-1 to detect the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and verify the above signal pathways. Results THP rats showed a series of THP-induced hepatotoxicity changes, such as liver function damage, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis. SchB diet effectively alleviated these adverse reactions. Further studies showed that SchB had strong antioxidant and antiferroptosis abilities in THP-induced hepatotoxicity. Conclusion SchB has obvious protective effect on THP-induced hepatotoxicity. The mechanism may be closely related to inhibiting oxidative stress and ferroptosis in the liver.
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Song H, Chang K, Zhang L, Zhu W, Li Y, Hu H, Zhang X, Xi Y, Li L. Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Coupled with HPLC-UV for Simultaneous Extraction, Purification and Determination of Six Lignans in Schisandra chinensis Fruits. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:387-400. [PMID: 34136906 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for simultaneous extraction, purification and determination of six lignans in Schisandra chinensis Baill was developed by employing matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) extraction followed by HPLC-UV determination analysis. Several sorbent and desorption solvent that affected the extraction yield of lignans were investigated; neutral alumina and absolute ethanol were selected as the best dispersing material and desorption agent, respectively. Other extraction conditions for MSPD were optimized as follows: 1:2 of S. chinensis raw material to neutral aluminum oxide mass ratio, 1:30 (g/mL) of sample to absolute ethanol, 2.5 h of desorption time and 50°C of desorption temperature. Under the above conditions, the total extraction yield for six lignans have reached (16.99 ± 0.33) x 103 mg/kg with a higher content of 6.88 ± 0.25% in the extracts. Comparative studies were explored by conducting other six extraction approaches including Soxhlet extraction, heat reflux extraction, smashing tissue extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction and ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction. Results showed MSPD technique not only improved the extraction yield, but also improved the purity of lignans, it can be generalized to more extraction of natural compounds. In addition, the validated HPLC-UV method had been successfully applied to analysis of lignans from 10 real S. chinensis samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Song
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, P.R. China
| | - Kejian Chang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Zhu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Li
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, P.R. China
| | - Haobin Hu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, P.R. China
| | - Yongfeng Xi
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, P.R. China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, P.R. China
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Jeon YD, Aye A, Song YJ, Kim YH, Soh JR, Jin JS. Cyanidin 3-Rutinoside, an Anthocyanin Pigment of Schisandra chinensis Baill, Inhibits Allergic Inflammation. J Med Food 2019; 22:703-712. [PMID: 31066606 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of allergy-mediated inflammatory diseases such as asthma and atopic dermatitis have increased, but comprehensive treatment remains difficult. Previous studies have shown that Schisandra chinensis Baill has antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antitumorigenic effects. Cyanidin 3-rutinoside (CR) is the major anthocyanin pigment of S. chinensis. However, the biological effects of CR have been rarely studied to date. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory effects of CR on phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)/A23187-induced allergic inflammation in vitro. CR inhibited the secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and it also suppressed the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B. These results show that CR ameliorated PMA/A23187-induced allergic inflammation via the suppression of inflammatory cytokines in HMC-1 cells. Therefore, CR has potential as a therapeutic agent for allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Deok Jeon
- 1 Department of Oriental Medicine Resource, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea.,2 Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Aye Aye
- 1 Department of Oriental Medicine Resource, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Young-Jae Song
- 1 Department of Oriental Medicine Resource, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Yun-Hoe Kim
- 3 Korea Natural Colors Industrialization Institute, Andong, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
| | - Ju-Ryoun Soh
- 1 Department of Oriental Medicine Resource, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Jong-Sik Jin
- 1 Department of Oriental Medicine Resource, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
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Kang D, Shao Y, Zhu Z, Yin X, Shen B, Chen C, Xu Y, Shen J, Li H, Li X, Xie L, Wang G, Liang Y. Systematically identifying the hepatoprotective ingredients of schisandra lignan extract from pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic perspectives. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 53:182-192. [PMID: 30668398 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal medicines (HMs) have been proven to be productive sources of leads for the development of drugs. To date approximately 150 lignans have been identified from Schisandra sphenanthera. Hepatoprotective activity is a well-known characteristic of schisandra lignans, yet the authentic types of active lignans are still not well known. PURPOSE The present study aimed to develop a reliable and efficient strategy for identifying the hepatoprotective ingredients of schisandra lignan extract (SLE). METHODS SLEs were prepared by extracting Schisandra sphenanthera powder using 10%, 50% and 90% ethanol (w/w 1:10) combining 5-fold volume of ethyl acetate. The schisandra lignans in SLEs were qualitatively analyzed based on liquid chromatography hybrid ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF). Preparative liquid chromatography (PLC) was used to collect ingredient fractions. The hepatoprotective activity of schisandra lignans was systematically investigated on in vivo and in vitro models. RESULTS The SLE extracted by 50% ethanol and 5-fold volume of ethyl acetate (50%SLE) had the highest lignan content and exhibited significantly stronger hepatoprotective activity than other SLEs (P < 0.01). The hepatoprotective effect of 50%SLE mainly attributed to the SLE segment which collected from 12 to 22 min by PLC. Schisantherin A (Sth A) was confirmed as the most promising hepatoprotective drug in Schisandra sphenanthera due to high content in crude materials, high exposure level in vivo and high efficiency on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSION The hepatoprotective ingredients of SLEs were systematically investigated based on the presently developed approach, and Sth A was identified as the optimum hepatoprotective candidate in Schisandra sphenanthera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Kang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuhao Shao
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhangpei Zhu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yin
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Boyu Shen
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yangfan Xu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiajia Shen
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haofeng Li
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinuo Li
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Scepankova H, Martins M, Estevinho L, Delgadillo I, Saraiva JA. Enhancement of Bioactivity of Natural Extracts by Non-Thermal High Hydrostatic Pressure Extraction. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 73:253-267. [PMID: 30269189 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-018-0687-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Natural extracts, like those obtained from medicinal herbs, dietary plants and fruits are being recognized as important sources of bioactive compounds with several functionalities including antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. Plant extracts rich in phenolic antioxidants are currently being successfully used for several pharmaceutical applications and in the development of new foods (i.e., functional foods), in order to enhance the bioactivity of the products and to replace synthetic antioxidants. The extraction method applied in the recovery of the bioactive compounds from natural materials is a key factor to enhance the bioactivity of the extracts. However, most of the extraction techniques have to employ heat, which can easily lead to heat-sensitive compounds losing their biological activity, due to changes caused by temperature. Presently, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is being increasingly explored as a cold extraction method of bioactive compounds from natural sources. This non-thermal high hydrostatic pressure extraction (HHPE) technique allows one to reduce the extraction time and increase the extraction of natural beneficial ingredients, in terms of nutritional value and biological activities and thus enhance the bioactivity of the extracts. This review provides an updated and comprehensive overview on the extraction efficiency of HHPE for the production of natural extracts with enhanced bioactivity, based on the extraction yield, total content and individual composition of bioactive compounds, extraction selectivity, and biological activities of the different plant extracts, so far studied by extraction with this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Scepankova
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Margarida Martins
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Letícia Estevinho
- Agricultural College of Bragança, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, 5301-855, Bragança, Portugal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ivonne Delgadillo
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge A Saraiva
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Effect of emergent non-thermal extraction technologies on bioactive individual compounds profile from different plant materials. Food Res Int 2018; 115:177-190. [PMID: 30599930 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Extraction is the first step for isolation and purification of interesting bioactive compounds, by mixing of the plant material with an adequate solvent. Those bioactive compounds are, usually, secondary metabolites, such as phenolic acids and flavonoids which are present in closed insoluble structures, making its extraction a challenge. There are many different traditional extraction methods, such as Soxhlet, heat reflux, and maceration. Nevertheless, due to several disadvantages, they are being replaced by new methods, using emergent technologies, such as high hydrostatic pressure, ultrasounds, pulsed electric fields, and supercritical fluids. The use of novel technologies allows enhancing mass transfer rates, increasing cell permeability as well as increasing secondary metabolite diffusion, leading to higher extraction yields, fewer impurities on the final extract, extractions at room temperature with thermo-sensitive structures preservation, use of different non-organic solvents, low energy consumption, short operation time, and have no significant or lower effect on the structure of bioactive compounds. This paper aims to review the effect of the main emergent extraction technologies (high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric fields, ultrasounds, and supercritical fluid assisted) on the individual profile of bioactive compounds from plant material.
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Lee G, Joung JY, Cho JH, Son CG, Lee N. Overcoming P-Glycoprotein-Mediated Multidrug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer: Potential Reversal Agents among Herbal Medicines. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:3412074. [PMID: 30158992 PMCID: PMC6109522 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3412074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the major reason for the failure of chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC), and the primary determinant of MDR in CRC patients is active drug efflux owing to overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in cancer tissues. Despite research efforts to overcome P-gp-mediated drug efflux, the high toxicity of P-gp inhibitors has been a major obstacle for the clinical use of these agents. The aim of this study was to review the literature for potential P-gp reversal agents among traditional herbal medicines, which offer the advantages of safety and potential synergetic effects in CRC chemotherapy. METHODS We searched ten databases including 3 English databases, 1 Chinese medical database, and 6 Korean medical databases up to July 2018 and included in vivo and in vitro studies evaluating the effects of herbal medicines as P-gp reversal agents in CRC. RESULTS A total of 28 potentially related studies were identified and 16 articles were included. Involving 3 studies about Salvia miltiorrhiza and 2 studies about Curcuma longa, finally we found 14 kinds of traditional herbal medicines-Salvia miltiorrhiza, Curcuma longa, Sinomenium acutum, Stephania tetrandra, Bufo gargarizans, Coptis japonica, Piper nigrum and Piper longum, Hedyotis diffusa, Schisandra chinensis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Glycyrrhiza inflate, Daphne genkwa, Stemona tuberosa Lour, and Andrographis paniculata-as showing efficacy as P-gp inhibitors in anticancer drug-resistant CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This brief account provides insight into the relationship between P-gp and CRC. Further studies on herbal medicines with demonstrated effects against P-gp overexpression will aid in improving the efficacy of chemotherapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayoung Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, 4, Notaesan-ro, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, No. 31099, Republic of Korea
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176beon-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon-si, No. 35235, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduated School of Korean Medicine, University of Daejeon, 62, Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon-si, No. 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Yong Joung
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176beon-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon-si, No. 35235, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduated School of Korean Medicine, University of Daejeon, 62, Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon-si, No. 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyo Cho
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176beon-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon-si, No. 35235, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduated School of Korean Medicine, University of Daejeon, 62, Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon-si, No. 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176beon-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon-si, No. 35235, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduated School of Korean Medicine, University of Daejeon, 62, Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon-si, No. 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Namhun Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, 4, Notaesan-ro, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, No. 31099, Republic of Korea
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176beon-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon-si, No. 35235, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduated School of Korean Medicine, University of Daejeon, 62, Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon-si, No. 34520, Republic of Korea
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Mocan A, Schafberg M, Crișan G, Rohn S. Determination of lignans and phenolic components of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. using HPLC-ESI-ToF-MS and HPLC-online TEAC: Contribution of individual components to overall antioxidant activity and comparison with traditional antioxidant assays. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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10
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Cheng Z, Song H, Yang Y, Zhou H, Liu Y, Liu Z. Smashing Tissue Extraction of Five Lignans From the Fruit of Schisandra chinensis. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 54:246-56. [PMID: 26254462 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis is one of the most famous herbal medicines in China, Korea and Japan. It has been widely used as a tonic, sedative, anti-aging and astringent agent. Lignans are one of its main bioactive components. The classical methods for extracting lignans, however, were tedious and energy-consuming. With the aim to develop an effective extraction method of lignans, the smashing tissue extraction (STE) technique was adopted and optimized in this study. Extraction conditions of STE have been optimized by the response surface methodology based on the Box-Behnken design. Results showed that 75% aqueous ethanol was the optimal extraction solvent, and the other optimal conditions were as follows: extraction voltage of 180 V, extraction time of 1 min, solid-liquid ratio of 1 : 19 and sample particle size of 120 mesh. Under these optimized conditions, the total content of the five lignans (Schisandrol A, Schisantherin A, Deoxyschisandrin, Schisandrin B and Schisandrin C) in S. chinensis collected from Baishan City located in the northeast of China was 13.89 ± 0.014 mg/g, which was well matched with the value predicted by the model. Other techniques, including heat reflux, Soxhlet, ultrasonic-assisted and microwave-assisted extraction, were further compared. Results suggested that STE had the highest extraction efficiency of lignans with the shortest time. It indicates that the approach proposed in this study is a simple and efficient technique for the extraction of lignans in S. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Cheng
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Haiyan Song
- Laboratory of Test Center, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Yingjie Yang
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Hongli Zhou
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
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Hou W, Gao W, Wang D, Liu Q, Zheng S, Wang Y. The Protecting Effect of Deoxyschisandrin and Schisandrin B on HaCaT Cells against UVB-Induced Damage. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127177. [PMID: 25978330 PMCID: PMC4433126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis is a traditional Chinese medicine that has multiple biological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, tonic, and anti-aging effects. Deoxyschisandrin (SA) and schisandrin B (SB), the two major lignans isolated from S. chinensis, exert high antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo by scavenging free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ultraviolet B-ray (UVB) radiation induces the production of ROS and DNA damage, which eventually leads to cell death by apoptosis. However, it is unknown whether SA or SB protects cells against UVB-induced cellular DNA damage. Our study showed that both SA and SB effectively protected HaCaT cells from UVB-induced cell death by antagonizing UVB-mediated production of ROS and induction of DNA damage. Our results showed that both SA and SB significantly prevented UVB-induced loss of cell viability using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assays showed that the production of ROS following UVB exposure was inhibited by treatment with SA and SB. Moreover, SA and SB decreased the UVB-induced DNA damage in HaCaT cells by comet assays. In addition, SA and SB also prevented UVB-induced cell apoptosis and the cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9. In a word, our results imply that the antioxidants SA and SB could protect cells from UVB-induced cell damage via scavenging ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hou
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Datao Wang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Qingxiu Liu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Siwen Zheng
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yingping Wang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- * E-mail:
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Lee HJ, Jo S, Ryu J, Jeong HS, Lee G, Ryu MH, Jung MH, Kim H, Kim BJ. Effects of Schisandra chinensis Turcz. fruit on contact dermatitis induced by dinitrofluorobenzene in mice. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2135-9. [PMID: 25892286 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis Turcz. fruit is widely used to treat skin diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of the methanol extract of S. chinensis (MESC) on 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact dermatitis (CD) in mice. The effects of MESC on ear thickness and weight, histopathological changes, immune cell filtration and cytokine production were investigated in DNFB-induced CD mice. Topical application of MESC effectively inhibited ear swelling (30 or 300 μg on the left ear, P<0.001; 30 μg on the right ear, P<0.001). MESC also inhibited hyperplasia, spongiosis (100 μg/ear, P<0.05 and 300 μg/ear, P<0.001, respectively) and immune cell infiltration (100 μg/ear, P<0.05; 300 μg/ear, P<0.001) induced by DNFB. In addition, MESC suppressed increases in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels (100 or 300 μg/ear, P<0.05), interferon (INF)-γ (30 μg/ear, P<0.05; 100 μg/ear, P<0.01; 300 μg/ear, P<0.001), interleukin (IL)-6 (300 μg/ear, P<0.05) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (30 μg/ear, P<0.05; 100 μg/ear, P<0.01; 300 μg/ear, P<0.001). These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of MESC are mediated by the reduced production of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6 and MCP-1, and that MESC has potential use for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Lee
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
| | - Suzy Jo
- Division of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Ryu
- Division of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sol Jeong
- Division of Applied Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
| | - Guemsan Lee
- Department of Herbology, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, North Jeolla 570‑749, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Heon Ryu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ho Jung
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
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Jiang D, Chu X, Hu L, Jiang S, Hu F, Sun J, Li C. Yizhi Xingnao prescription improves the cognitive function of patients after a transient ischemic attack. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:434-9. [PMID: 25774185 PMCID: PMC4350129 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with mild cognitive impairment after a transient ischemic attack were included in this study. They were treated with Yizhi Xingnao prescription, ergoloid mesylates or aspirin for 60 days. Evaluation using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale showed that cognitive function was significantly improved in all patients, especially after the combined treatment of Yizhi Xingnao and aspirin. The scores from the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale were improved overall and the effective treatment rate was as high as 79%, which was higher than patients treated with a combination of ergoloid mesylates and aspirin, or aspirin alone. Our experimental findings indicate that Yizhi Xingnao prescription can improve mild cognitive impairment after a transient ischemic attack, and that it is more effective than ergoloid mesylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Jiang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xing Chu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lingling Hu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shengyang Jiang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Hu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junming Sun
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chengwan Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu Province, China
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Li B, Zhu L, Wu T, Zhang J, Jiao X, Liu X, Wang Y, Meng X. Effects of Triterpenoid From Schisandra chinensis on Oxidative Stress in Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury in Rats. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 71:803-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Cheng Z, Yang Y, Liu Y, Liu Z, Zhou H, Hu H. Two-steps extraction of essential oil, polysaccharides and biphenyl cyclooctene lignans from Schisandra chinensis Baill fruits. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 96:162-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Jun X. High-pressure processing as emergent technology for the extraction of bioactive ingredients from plant materials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 53:837-52. [PMID: 23768146 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.561380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
High-pressure processing is a food processing technique that has shown great potentials in the food industry. Recently, it was developed to extract bioactive ingredients from plant materials, known as ultrahigh pressure extraction (UPE), taking advantages of time saving, higher extraction yields, fewer impurities in the extraction solution, minimal heat and can avoid thermal degradation on the activity and structure of bioactive components, and so on. This review provides an overview of the developments in the UPE of bioactive ingredients from plant material. Apart from a brief presentation of the theories of UPE and extraction equipment systems, the principal parameters that influence the extraction efficiency to be optimized in the UPE (e.g., solvent, pressure, temperature, extraction time, and the number of cycle) were discussed in detail, and finally the more recent applications of UPE for the extraction of active compounds from plant materials were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Yin SH, Wang CC, Cheng TJ, Chang CY, Lin KC, Kan WC, Wang HY, Kao WMW, Kuo YL, Chen JC, Li SL, Cheng CH, Chuu JJ. Room-temperature super-extraction system (RTSES) optimizes the anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like behavioural effects of traditional Xiao-Yao-San in mice. Chin Med 2012; 7:24. [PMID: 23134744 PMCID: PMC3582554 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-7-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Xiao-Yao-San (XYS) is a Chinese medicinal formula for treating anxiety and depression. This study aims to evaluate the use of a room-temperature super-extraction system (RTSES) to extract the major active components of XYS and enhance their psycho-pharmacological effects. Methods The neuroprotective roles of XYS/RTSES against reserpine-derived neurotoxicity were evaluated using a glial cell injury system (in vitro) and a depression-like C57BL/6 J mouse model (in vivo). The anxiolytic-behavioural effects were measured by the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test and the antidepressant effects were evaluated by the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). Glucose tolerance and insulin resistance were assayed by ELISA. The expression of 5-HT1A receptors in the prefrontal cortex was examined by western blotting. Results XYS/RTSES (300 μg/mL) diminished reserpine-induced glial cell death more effectively than either XYS (300 μg/mL) or fluoxetine (30 μM) at 24 h (P = 0.0481 and P = 0.054, respectively). Oral administration of XYS/RTSES (500 mg/kg/day) for 4 consecutive weeks significantly elevated the ratios of entries (open arms/closed arms; P = 0.0177) and shuttle activity (P = 0.00149) on the EPM test, and reduced the immobility time by 90% on the TST (P = 0.00000538) and FST (P = 0.0000053839). XYS/RTSES also improved the regulation of blood glucose (P = 0.0305) and increased the insulin sensitivity (P = 0.0093). The Western blot results indicated that the activation of cerebral 5-HT1A receptors may be involved in the mechanisms of XYS/RTSES actions. Conclusion The RTSES could provide a novel method for extracting effective anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like substances. XYS/RTSES improved the regulation of blood glucose and increased the insulin sensitivity in reserpine-induced anxiety and depression. Neuroprotection of glial cells and activation of cerebral 5-HT1A receptors were also involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsi Yin
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
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A compound isolated from Schisandra chinensis induces apoptosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6054-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kang YH, Shin HM. Inhibitory effects ofSchizandra chinensisextract on atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2011; 34:292-8. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.602689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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The immuno-regulatory effects of Schisandra chinensis and its constituents on human monocytic leukemia cells. Molecules 2011; 16:4836-49. [PMID: 21666550 PMCID: PMC6264271 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16064836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many diseases occur when the immune system is weakened. Intracellular signals activate immuno-responsive cells to produce cytokines that modulate the immune response. Schisandra chinensis has been used traditionally to treat general fatigue, neurasthenia, and spontaneous sweating. In the present study, the effect of constituents of S. chinensis on cytokine release by human monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) was tested using microparticle-based flow cytometric analysis. Two major lignans, schizandrin (Sch) and gomisin A (Gom A), were identified and shown to induce interleukin (IL)-8, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), and granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) release by THP-1 cells. By reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or quantitative real-time PCR, there was a dose-dependent increase of IL-8, MIP-1β and GM-CSF mRNA levels. Thus, Sch and Gom A from S. chinensis enhance cytokine release by THP-1 cells and this effect occurs through mRNA upregulation. Upregulation of MIP-1β and GM-CSF in particular may have clinical applications. Therefore, S. chinensis may be therapeutically beneficial by promoting humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.
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