A new alkaloid and a new diterpene from Cleome paradoxa B.Br. (Cleomaceae)

Theoretical evaluation of Cleome species' bioactive compounds and therapeutic potential: A literature review

The species of Cleome genus are taxonomically included in the family of Cleomaceae and in the order of Brassicales, representing flowering plants with a long history of use in traditional medicine. Phytochemical screening experiments revealed that Cleome species contain a wide range of beneficial bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, essential oils, fatty acids, flavonoids, terpenes, sterols, and anthocyanins, indicating a therapeutic potential. Furthermore, due to the presence of these phytocompounds, there are various plant species in this genus that have demonstrated a wide range of genotypic, chemo typic, and biological activity in several ecological settings around the world. The potential biological actions and pharmacological effects, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anti-diabetic, antidepressant, antibacterial, anti-arthritic, anticancer, and hepatoprotective are closely related to the active substances contained in various parts of the plants. By centralizing medical data provided by the scientific literature, we offer in the present work a comprehensive perspective on a wide range of bioactive compounds identified from diverse Cleome species, emphasizing the correlation of natural active substances with potential pharmacological activities that can contribute to the improvement of therapeutic management for a range of pathologies. In addition, this review suggests future research perspectives to improve the use of phytochemicals contained in the species of Cleome genus, both in terms of increasing therapeutic efficacy and safety profiles, but also in terms of identifying a possible new pharmacological effect.

Extraction, Isolation and Characterization by HPLC-ESI-MS and Evaluating Chemical Constituents of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of the Invasive Weed Cleome viscosa L

The aim of this study was to extract, identify and isolate the chemical constituents of the root and leaves of Cleome viscosa by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). The antioxidant activity and content of associated secondary metabolites in the extracts from different parts of the plant were also measured. The free radical scavenging activity of the methanol extracts of different parts of C viscosa was determined using DPPH assays. A wide range of polar and non- polar compounds were characterized by LC-ESI-MS. Based on the obtained results, 22 and 21 compounds were characterized in the extracts of leaf and root of C viscosa, respectively. Among these compounds, cleomeolide and 57,4′.trihydroxy-6,3.5-trimethoxyflavone, in the leaf extract, and nevirapine and vincetoxicoside A, in the root extract, were considered as main compounds. Phytochemical analysis also showed that the content of bioactive compounds varied remarkably in the extract of different parts of C viscosa. The leaf ethanol extract contained higher amounts of secondary metabolites, namely total phenols and flavonoids. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was also dependent on the plant parts, which was significantly correlated with the content of bioactive compounds studied. A strong free radical scavenging activity was observed for the methanol extract of the leaf (50.3%), followed by the flower (35.2%). In general, this study confirmed a wide range of compounds in different parts of the invasive weed C viscosa, especially in the leaf, with a high free radical scavenging activity.

Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antioxidant Activity of Cleome coluteoides: An In Vitro Comparative Study Between Leaves, Stems, and Flowers

Objectives

Cleome coluteoides, which belongs to the Capparidaceae family, and has been used in folk medicine for a long time. Our research aims to measure the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of C. coluteoides.

Materials and Methods

Various solvents, such as ethyl acetate, methanol, and dichloromethane, were used to extract different plant parts. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were assayed by disk and well diffusion methods, and the antioxidant activity was screened by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing ability of plasma methods.

Results

Results showed that Gram-negative bacteria and fungus were resistant to various plant extracts. Against all Gram-positive bacteria tested, C. coluteoides' flower extract had the highest inhibition effects. Also, the most sensitive bacterium was Bacillus cereus, which had an 18-mm inhibition zone. Due to the solvent's physical and chemical properties, different C. coluteoides extracts exhibited various antioxidant activities in the antioxidant activity assay. To some extent, methanol extract of leaves showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity at various concentrations that ranged from 5 to 160 mg.mL^-1. The methanol extract of flower was observed to have the highest level of phenolics among all tested extracts.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that different extracts from various C. coluteoides parts are different in their properties, therefore, a proper solvent should be used to extract maximum amounts of antioxidant and antibacterial components from a typical plant material.

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GM-MS) analysis and biological activities of the aerial part of Cleome amblyocarpa Barr. and Murb

Cleome amblyocarpa Barr. and Murb is a medicinal plant widespread in North Africa and widely used in Tunisia to treat diabetes and colic. The non-volatile (polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, and flavonols) and volatile compounds (GC-MS) of C. amblyocarpa leaves and stems have been studied. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, analgesic, and cytotoxic activities of hydroalcoholic extracts of C. amblyocarpa leaves and stems were also investigated. The major volatile components were β-caryophyllene (46.9%), eugenol (25.6%), ethyl 3-methylpentanoate (16.2%), 7-epi-silphiperfol-5-ene (11.0%), and α-copaene (7.0%). The antioxidant activity has been evaluated using various in vitro assays, such as DPPH free radical scavenging activity, iron-chelating capability, and ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation (TBARS). The antibacterial and antifungal effectiveness of leaves and stems parts of Cleome amblyocarpa were investigated by means of the disc diffusion and microdilution techniques. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the hydroalcoholic extract of C. amblyocarpa on A549 and H1299 lung adenocarcinoma cells was determined using the crystal violet assay. The acute toxicity of the extracts on Swiss albino mice at the doses of 3000, 1500, and 500 mg/kg body weight was evaluated. The analgesic effect of leaves and stems extract was also determined by means of the acetic acid induced writhing test. The results indicated that the leaves have higher phenols, and flavonoids contents and potential antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities in comparison to stem. In addition, the aerial part of C. amblyocarpa did not cause signs of toxicity or death in animals at doses up to 3000 mg/kg and have a significant analgesic activity.

Honey/Chitosan Nanofiber Wound Dressing Enriched with Allium sativum and Cleome droserifolia: Enhanced Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Activity

Two natural extracts were loaded within fabricated honey, poly(vinyl alcohol), chitosan nanofibers (HPCS) to develop biocompatible antimicrobial nanofibrous wound dressing. The dried aqueous extract of Cleome droserifolia (CE) and Allium sativum aqueous extract (AE) and their combination were loaded within the HPCS nanofibers in the HPCS-CE, HPCS-AE, and HPCS-AE/CE nanofiber mats, respectively. It was observed that the addition of AE resulted in the least fiber diameter (145 nm), whereas the addition of the AE and CE combination resulted in the least swelling ability and the highest weight loss. In vitro antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was performed in comparison with the commercial dressing AquacelAg and revealed that the HPCS-AE and HPCS-AE/CE nanofiber mats allowed complete inhibition of S. aureus and the HPCS-AE/CE exhibited mild antibacterial activity against MRSA. A preliminary in vivo study revealed that the developed nanofiber mats enhanced the wound healing process as compared to the untreated control as proved by the enhanced wound closure rates in mice and by the histological examination of the wounds. Moreover, comparison with the commercial dressing Aquacel Ag, the HPCS, and HPCS-AE/CE demonstrated similar effects on the wound healing process, whereas the HPCS/AE allowed an enhanced wound closure rate. Cell culture studies proved the biocompatibility of the developed nanofiber mats in comparison with the commercial Aquacel Ag, which exhibited noticeable cytotoxicity. The developed natural nanofiber mats hold potential as promising biocompatible antibacterial wound dressing.

The chemistry and biological activities of natural products from Northern African plant families: from Aloaceae to Cupressaceae

Traditional medicinal practices play a key role in health care systems in countries with developing economies.