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Hsu WH, Cheng JJ, Wu CF, Lin YL. Ajuga taiwanensis Extract Promotes Wound-healing via Activation of PDGFR/MAPK Pathway. PLANTA MEDICA 2024; 90:949-958. [PMID: 39159665 DOI: 10.1055/a-2378-9274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Chronic and prolonged wounds are a serious public problem that may severely affect the quality of life and result in psychological pressure. Fibroblasts play a crucial role in the wound process and in skin pathology. Herbal drugs have long been used for wound care worldwide. Ajuga taiwanensis (Lamiaceae) is a folk medicine for antipyretics, anti-inflammation, and reducing swelling in Taiwan. This study aimed to investigate the effect of A. taiwanensis in wound healing and the underlying mechanisms. Under human dermal fibroblast (HDF) wound-healing activity-guided fractionation, we found that a sub-fraction (AT-M) of A. taiwanensis extract (AT) and the major ingredients significantly promoted wound healing and decreased IL-1β and - 6 expressions on HDFs. Furthermore, the fraction of AT-M enhanced wound healing on C57BL/6 mouse skins, increased PDGFR expressions, and activated the PDGFR/MAPK pathway. Taken together, A. taiwanensis extracts promote wound healing by the PDGFR pathway and lead to enhanced cell spreading and motility, thereby having a possible beneficial effect on wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiang Hsu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jy Cheng
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fen Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Lian Lin
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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2
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REN J, WU Y, ZHU Z, CHEN R, ZHANG L. Biosynthesis and regulation of diterpenoids in medicinal plants. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:761-772. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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Feng Z, Cao J, Zhang Q, Lin L. The drug likeness analysis of anti-inflammatory clerodane diterpenoids. Chin Med 2020; 15:126. [PMID: 33298100 PMCID: PMC7727157 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00407-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an active defense response of the body against external stimuli. Long term low-grade inflammation has been considered as a deteriorated factor for aging, cancer, neurodegeneration and metabolic disorders. The clinically used glucocorticoids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are not suitable for chronic inflammation. Therefore, it's urgent to discover and develop new effective and safe drugs to attenuate inflammation. Clerodane diterpenoids, a class of bicyclic diterpenoids, are widely distributed in plants of the Labiatae, Euphorbiaceae and Verbenaceae families, as well as fungi, bacteria, and marine sponges. Dozens of anti-inflammatory clerodane diterpenoids have been identified on different assays, both in vitro and in vivo. In the current review, the up-to-date research progresses of anti-inflammatory clerodane diterpenoids were summarized, and their druglikeness was analyzed, which provided the possibility for further development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Wang H, Teng X, Zhang Y, Gu Q, He L. Diterpenoids from the Whole Plants of Ajuga nipponensis and Their Inhibition of RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis. Chem Biodivers 2020; 18:e2000780. [PMID: 33205900 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Two new diterpenoids, ajudecunoid A (1) and ajudecunoid B (14), along with thirteen known diterpenoids, were isolated from the whole plants of Ajuga nipponensis Makino. Their structures were elucidated by the extensive spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, MS, and NMR). The absolute configurations of ajudecunoid A (1) and ajudecunoid B (14) were defined through analysis of X-ray crystallography. Fifteen compounds were evaluated for inhibition of the formation of osteoclasts in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) cells. Two neo-clerodane diterpenoids ajuganipponin B (5) and (12S)-6α,19-diacetoxy-18-chloro-4α-hydroxy-12-tigloyloxy-neo-clerod-13-en-15,16-olide (12) showed significant inhibition of osteoclastogenesis with IC50 values of 0.88 and 0.79 μM, respectively. Here we firstly reported diterpenoids with anti-osteoclastogenesis activity from A. nipponensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Wang
- a School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xifeng Teng
- b State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Production and Development of Lingnan Medicinal Material, School of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Gu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lin He
- d Guangdong Provincial Cosmetics Engineering and Technology Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, 528458, P. R. China
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5
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Taha-Salaime L, Lebedev G, Abo-Nassar J, Marzouk S, Inbar M, Ghanim M, Aly R. Activity of Ajuga iva Extracts Against the African Cotton Leafworm Spodoptera littoralis. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11110726. [PMID: 33114086 PMCID: PMC7690827 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Control of the crop pest African cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval), by chemical insecticides has led to serious resistance problems. Ajuga plants contain phytoecdysteroids (arthropod steroid hormone analogs regulating metamorphosis) and clerodanes (diterpenoids exhibiting antifeedant activity). We analyzed these compounds in leaf extracts of the Israeli Ajuga iva L. by liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and their efficiency at reducing S.littoralis fitness. First and third instars of S. littoralis were fed castor bean leaves (Ricinus communis) smeared with an aqueous suspension of dried methanolic crude extract of A. iva phytoecdysteroids and clerodanes. Mortality, larval weight gain, relative growth rate and survival were compared to feeding on control leaves. We used '4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, a fluorescent stain) and phalloidin staining to localize A. iva crude leaf extract activity in the insect gut. Ajuga iva crude leaf extract (50, 100 and 250 µg/µL) significantly increased mortality of first-instar S. littoralis (36%, 70%, and 87%, respectively) compared to controls (6%). Third-instar larval weight gain decreased significantly (by 52%, 44% and 30%, respectively), as did relative growth rate (-0.05 g/g per day compared to the relevant controls), ultimately resulting in few survivors. Crude leaf extract (250 µg/µL) reduced gut size, with relocation of nuclei and abnormal actin-filament organization. Ajug iva extract has potential for alternative, environmentally safe insect-pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Taha-Salaime
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, The Faculty of Natural Science, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (L.T.-S.); (M.I.)
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weeds Research, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel; (J.A.-N.); (S.M.)
| | - Galina Lebedev
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeTsiyon 7528809, Israel; (G.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Jackline Abo-Nassar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weeds Research, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel; (J.A.-N.); (S.M.)
| | - Sally Marzouk
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weeds Research, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel; (J.A.-N.); (S.M.)
| | - Moshe Inbar
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, The Faculty of Natural Science, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (L.T.-S.); (M.I.)
| | - Murad Ghanim
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeTsiyon 7528809, Israel; (G.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Radi Aly
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weeds Research, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel; (J.A.-N.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Liu W, Song Z, Wang H, Yang X, Joubert E, Zhang J, Li S, Tuerhong M, Abudukeremu M, Jin J, Xu J, Lee D, Guo Y. Diterpenoids as potential anti-inflammatory agents from Ajuga pantantha. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:103966. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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7
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Zhang PZ, Zhang YM, Lin Y, Wang F, Zhang GL. Three new diterpenes from Dysoxylum lukii and their NO production inhibitory activity. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2020; 22:531-536. [PMID: 31062599 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2019.1607839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Three new diterpenes were isolated from the stems of Dysoxylum lukii Merr and characterized on the basis of spectral data. Neoclerod-13Z-ene-3α, 4β, 15-triol (3) exhibited the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophages with an IC50 value of 25.49 μM.[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu-Zhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Ya-Mei Zhang
- Jiangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Technology and Industrial Development of Ethnic Traditional Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Clinical Translation, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Clinical Translation, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guo-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Clinical Translation, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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8
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Dong B, Yang X, Liu W, An L, Zhang X, Tuerhong M, Du Q, Wang C, Abudukeremu M, Xu J, Lee D, Shuai L, Lall N, Guo Y. Anti-inflammatory neo-Clerodane Diterpenoids from Ajuga pantantha. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:894-904. [PMID: 32216313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Eight new neo-clerodane diterpenoids (1-8) were acquired from the aerial parts of Ajuga pantantha. Spectroscopic data analysis permitted the definition of their structures, and experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism data were used to define their absolute configurations. Compounds 2 and 4-8 were found to have NO inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 20.2, 45.5, 34.0, 27.0, 45.0, and 25.8 μM, respectively. The more potent compounds 2, 6, and 8 were analyzed to establish their anti-inflammatory mechanism, including regulation of the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins as well as their binding interactions with the two proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangjian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenpei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun An
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhetaer Tuerhong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Kashgar University, Kashgar 844000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Du
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining 810007, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Munira Abudukeremu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Kashgar University, Kashgar 844000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongho Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ling Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Namrita Lall
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
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Chen H, Tang BQ, Chen L, Liang JY, Sun JB. Neo-clerodane diterpenes and phytoecdysteroids from Ajuga decumbens Thunb. and evaluation of their effects on cytotoxic, superoxide anion generation and elastase release in vitro. Fitoterapia 2018; 129:7-12. [PMID: 29894737 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Five novel compounds, including four neoclerodane diterpenoids, named ajugacumbins KN (1-4) along with a phytoecdysterone, named ajugacetalsterone E (5), were isolated from the whole herbs of Ajuga decumbens (Labiatae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis including IR, HRESIMS, CD, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic experiments. Compounds 1-5 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities and the effects on superoxide anion generation and elastase release in FMLP/CB-induced human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ben-Qin Tang
- Department of Medical Science, Shunde Polytechnic, Foshan 528333, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing-Yu Liang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jian-Bo Sun
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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González-Chávez MM, Arana-Argáez V, Zapata-Morales JR, Ávila-Venegas AK, Alonso-Castro AJ, Isiordia-Espinoza M, Martínez R. Pharmacological evaluation of 2-angeloyl ent-dihydrotucumanoic acid. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:873-879. [PMID: 28142303 PMCID: PMC6130724 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1277766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Gymnosperma glutinosum (Spreng.) Less. (Asteraceae) is a bush used for the empirical treatment of pain, fever, and cancer. An ent-neo-clerodane diterpene (2-angeloyl ent-dihydrotumanoic acid; ADTA) was isolated from G. glutinosum. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive effects of ADTA. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxic effects of ADTA (1-350 μM) were evaluated using the MTT assay with human tumorigenic (SW-620, MDA-MB231, SKLU1, SiHa, and PC-3), and non-tumorigenic (HaCaT) cells for 48 h. The in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of ADTA (0.23-460 μM) were assessed using murine peritoneal macrophages stimulated with LPS and estimating the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators for 48 h. The antinociceptive effects of ADTA (25-100 mg/kg p.o.) were evaluated using two in vivo models of chemical-induced nociception during 1 h. RESULTS ADTA lacked cytotoxic activity (IC50> 100 μM) on tumorigenic cells. In non-tumorigenic cells (HaCaT), ADTA exerted low cytotoxic effects (IC50 = 273 μM). ADTA, at concentrations of 115 μM or higher, decreased the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. The maximum antinociceptive effects of ADTA in the acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions by ADTA was found at 100 mg/kg (63%), whereas in the formalin test at phase 1 and phase 2, ADTA (100 mg/kg) decreased the licking time by 47 and 71%, respectively. CONCLUSION The results indicate that ADTA, obtained from G. glutinosum, exerts moderate in vitro anti-inflammatory and in vivo antinociceptive effects, but lacks cytotoxic effects on human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Ramón Zapata-Morales
- Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta, Guanajuato, 36050, Guanajuato México
| | - Ana Karen Ávila-Venegas
- Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta, Guanajuato, 36050, Guanajuato México
| | - Angel Josabad Alonso-Castro
- Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta, Guanajuato, 36050, Guanajuato México
| | | | - Roberto Martínez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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Chen T, Diao QY, Yu HZ, Jiao CL, Ruan J. Phytochemical, cytotoxic and chemotaxonomic study on Ajuga forrestii Diels (Labiatae). Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:977-981. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1371161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Yantai Center for Food and Drug Control and Test, Yantai, China
| | - Qing-Yan Diao
- Longkou Market Supervision Administration, Yantai, China
| | - Hai-Zhou Yu
- Yantai Center for Food and Drug Control and Test, Yantai, China
| | - Chun-Li Jiao
- Yantai Center for Food and Drug Control and Test, Yantai, China
| | - Jian Ruan
- Yantai Center for Food and Drug Control and Test, Yantai, China
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12
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Qing X, Yan HM, Ni ZY, Vavricka CJ, Zhang ML, Shi QW, Gu YC, Kiyota H. Chemical and pharmacological research on the plants from genus Ajuga. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2017-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe genus
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13
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Li R, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH. Clerodane diterpenes: sources, structures, and biological activities. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:1166-226. [PMID: 27433555 PMCID: PMC5154363 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00137d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1990 to 2015The clerodane diterpenoids are a widespread class of secondary metabolites and have been found in several hundreds of plant species from various families and in organisms from other taxonomic groups. These substances have attracted interest in recent years due to their notable biological activities, particularly insect antifeedant properties. In addition, the major active clerodanes of Salvia divinorum can be used as novel opioid receptor probes, allowing greater insight into opioid receptor-mediated phenomena, as well as opening additional areas for chemical investigation. This article provides extensive coverage of naturally occurring clerodane diterpenes discovered from 1990 until 2015, and follows up on the 1992 review by Merritt and Ley in this same journal. The distribution, chemotaxonomic significance, chemical structures, and biological activities of clerodane diterpenes are summarized. In the cases where sufficient information is available, structure activity relationship (SAR) correlations and mode of action of active clerodanes have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongtao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Abstract
The chemical composition of essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of Ajuga comata Stapf. was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-seven components were identified in the oil. (E)-β-caryophyllene (30.9%), caryophyllene oxide (24.9%), (E)-β-farnesene (12.6%), β-eudesmol (3.2%), δ-cadinene (3.1%) and germacrene D (3.0%) were the main compounds in the EOs. The chemical composition of A. comata Stapf. from the Southern Zagros of Iran is reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Karami
- a Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture , Shiraz University , Shiraz , Iran
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15
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation and chemistry of diterpenoids from terrestrial as opposed to marine sources and includes, labdanes, clerodanes, pimaranes, abietanes, kauranes, gibberellins, cembranes and their cyclization products. The literature from January to December, 2014 is reviewed.
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