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Malarz J, Michalska K, Stojakowska A. Polyphenols of the Inuleae-Inulinae and Their Biological Activities: A Review. Molecules 2024; 29:2014. [PMID: 38731504 PMCID: PMC11085778 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are ubiquitous plant metabolites that demonstrate biological activities essential to plant-environment interactions. They are of interest to plant food consumers, as well as to the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. The class of the plant metabolites comprises both widespread (chlorogenic acids, luteolin, quercetin) and unique compounds of diverse chemical structures but of the common biosynthetic origin. Polyphenols next to sesquiterpenoids are regarded as the major class of the Inuleae-Inulinae metabolites responsible for the pharmacological activity of medicinal plants from the subtribe (Blumea spp., Dittrichia spp., Inula spp., Pulicaria spp. and others). Recent decades have brought a rapid development of molecular and analytical techniques which resulted in better understanding of the taxonomic relationships within the Inuleae tribe and in a plethora of data concerning the chemical constituents of the Inuleae-Inulinae. The current taxonomical classification has introduced changes in the well-established botanical names and rearranged the genera based on molecular plant genetic studies. The newly created chemical data together with the earlier phytochemical studies may provide some complementary information on biochemical relationships within the subtribe. Moreover, they may at least partly explain pharmacological activities of the plant preparations traditionally used in therapy. The current review aimed to systematize the knowledge on the polyphenols of the Inulae-Inulinae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Stojakowska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (J.M.); (K.M.)
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Malarz J, Michalska K, Galanty A, Kiss AK, Stojakowska A. Constituents of Pulicaria inuloides and Cytotoxic Activities of Two Methoxylated Flavonols. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020480. [PMID: 36677535 PMCID: PMC9866601 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants of the genus Pulicaria are known for providing traditional medicines, spices, herbal teas, and insect deterrents. Pulicaria inuloides (Poir.). DC. is one of the less chemically studied species within the genus. Hydroalcoholic extracts from roots and aerial parts of P. inuloides were analyzed using the UHPLC-PAD-MSn technique and revealed the presence of six caffeoylquinic and eleven caffeoylhexaric conjugates together with hydroxykaempferol dimethyl ether and quercetagetin trimethyl ether. Moreover, constituents of chloroform extract from the whole P. inuloides plants were isolated and identified by spectroscopic methods. One new and four known caryophyllene derivatives, three thymol derivatives, and four polymethoxylated flavonols were found in the analyzed extract. The structure of the new compound was established by spectroscopic methods (HRESIMS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY). The cytotoxicity of 6-Hydroxykaempferol 3,7-dimethyl ether and quercetagetin 3,7,3’-trimethyl ether (chrysosplenol C), which are major flavonols isolated from the plant, were tested on prostate epithelial cells (PNT2), prostate cancer cells (DU145 and PC3), human keratinocytes (HaCaT), and melanoma cells (HTB140 and A375). Both flavonols demonstrated moderate cytotoxic activity against PC3 cells (IC50 = 59.5 µM and 46.6 µM, respectively). The remaining cell lines were less affected (IC50 > 150 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Malarz
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Klaudia Michalska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna Street 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Karolina Kiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Stojakowska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-662-32-54
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Pourhossein Alamdary M, Baharfar R, Tavakoli S. Isolation of Secondary Metabolites from Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Boiss. and Evaluation of Their anti-Proliferative Activity. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2149933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robabeh Baharfar
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Saeed Tavakoli
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
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4
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Natural Sources, Pharmacological Properties, and Health Benefits of Daucosterol: Versatility of Actions. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12125779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Daucosterol is a saponin present in various natural sources, including medicinal plant families. This secondary metabolite is produced at different contents depending on species, extraction techniques, and plant parts used. Currently, daucosterol has been tested and explored for its various biological activities. The results reveal potential pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, and anticancer. Indeed, daucosterol possesses important anticancer effects in many signaling pathways, such as an increase in pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bcl2, a decrease in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, upregulation of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene, inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway, and distortion of cell-cycle progression and tumor cell evolution. Its neuroprotective effect is via decreased caspase-3 activation in neurons and during simulated reperfusion (OGD/R), increased IGF1 protein expression (decreasing the downregulation of p-AKT3 and p-GSK-3b4), and activation of the AKT5 signaling pathway. At the same time, daucosterol inhibits key glucose metabolism enzymes to keep blood sugar levels within normal ranges. Therefore, this review describes the principal research on the pharmacological activities of daucosterol and the mechanisms of action underlying some of these effects. Moreover, further investigation of pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology are suggested.
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Abu-Odeh AM, Talib WH. Middle East Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Diabetes: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:742. [PMID: 33572627 PMCID: PMC7867005 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a global health problem, and the number of diabetic patients is in continuous rise. Conventional antidiabetic therapies are associated with high costs and limited efficiency. The use of traditional medicine and plant extracts to treat diabetes is gaining high popularity in many countries. Countries in the Middle East region have a long history of using herbal medicine to treat different diseases, including diabetes. In this review, we compiled and summarized all the in vivo and in vitro studies conducted for plants with potential antidiabetic activity in the Middle East region. Plants of the Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families are the most investigated. It is hoped that this review will contribute scientifically to evidence the ethnobotanical use of medicinal plants as antidiabetic agents. Work has to be done to define tagetes, mechanism of action and the compound responsible for activity. In addition, safety and pharmacokinetic parameters should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M. Abu-Odeh
- Department of pharmaceutical sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Wamidh H. Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan
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6
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Fadel H, Sifaoui I, López-Arencibia A, Reyes-Batlle M, Jiménez IA, Lorenzo-Morales J, Ghedadba N, Benayache S, Piñero JE, Bazzocchi IL. Antioxidant and Leishmanicidal Evaluation of Pulicaria Inuloides Root Extracts: A Bioguided Fractionation. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040201. [PMID: 31652669 PMCID: PMC6963631 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis remains a major world health problem, and in particular, Algeria ranks second for the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Pulicaria inuloides is a well-known Arabian Peninsula medicinal plant. In the present study, the chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts from the roots of Pulicaria inuloides were analyzed for antioxidant activity and its correlation with the total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The highest antioxidant activity using a DPPH assay was showed by the ethyl acetate extract (IC50 4.08 µg/mL), which also had the highest total phenolic content (307.12 µgAGE). Furthermore, P. inuloides root extracts were evaluated against Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania donovani. The results highlighted the chloroform extract as the most active one against both tested Leishmania strains. A bioguided fractionation of the chloroform extract led to the isolation of (8R:8S)-(75:25 er)-10-isobutyryloxy-8,9-epoxy-thymol isobutyrate as the main bioactive component, showing a potent leishmanicidal activity on L. amazonensis promatigote and amastigote stages (IC50 5.03 and 2.87 µM, respectively) and a good selectivity index on murine macrophages (CC50 19.37 µM). This study provides the first report of the antioxidant and leishmanicidal activities of P. inuloides root extracts and the results point to this species as a source of potential bioactive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Fadel
- Unité de recherche Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyses Physicochimique et Biologiques, Université Constantine-1, Route d'Ain El Bey, 25 000 Constantine, Algerie.
| | - Ines Sifaoui
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofısico Fco. Sanchez, S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
- Laboratoire Materiaux-Molecules et Applications, IPEST, University of Carthage, 2070 La Marsa, Tunisia.
| | - Atteneri López-Arencibia
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofısico Fco. Sanchez, S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - María Reyes-Batlle
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofısico Fco. Sanchez, S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Ignacio A Jiménez
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofısico Fco. Sanchez, S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Nabil Ghedadba
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of the Bioactive Molecules and Cellular Physiopathology, Department of Biology, University of Batna, 05000 Batna, Algeria.
| | - Samir Benayache
- Unité de recherche Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyses Physicochimique et Biologiques, Université Constantine-1, Route d'Ain El Bey, 25 000 Constantine, Algerie.
| | - José E Piñero
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofısico Fco. Sanchez, S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Isabel L Bazzocchi
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain.
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Abdel Bar FM, Elsbaey M, Taha N, Elgaml A, Abdel-Fattah GM. Phytochemical, antimicrobial and antiquorum-sensing studies of pulicaria undulata L.: a revision on the structure of 1β,2α,3β,19α,23-pentahydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:804-809. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1503658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M. Abdel Bar
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Marwa Elsbaey
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Noha Taha
- Department of Microbiology Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdelaziz Elgaml
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Gamal M. Abdel-Fattah
- Department of Microbiology Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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8
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Kumboonma P, Senawong T, Saenglee S, Yenjai C, Phaosiri C. New histone deacetylase inhibitors from the twigs of Melanorrhoea usitata. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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9
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Fadel H, Sifaoui I, López-Arencibia A, Reyes-Batlle M, Hajaji S, Chiboub O, Jiménez IA, Bazzocchi IL, Lorenzo-Morales J, Benayache S, Piñero JE. Assessment of the antiprotozoal activity of Pulicaria inuloides extracts, an Algerian medicinal plant: leishmanicidal bioguided fractionation. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:531-537. [PMID: 29306999 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The lack of an effective chemotherapy for treatment of protozoan disease urges a wide investigation for active compounds, and plant-derived compounds continue to provide key leads for therapeutic agents. The current study reports the in vitro antiprotozoal evaluation of the Algerian medicinal plant Pulicaria inuloides against Leishmania amazonensis, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Acanthamoeba castellanii str. Neff. All the extracts from the aerial part showed to be present a higher leishmanicidal activity than anti-Acanthamoeba or Trypanosoma. Therefore, bioguided fractionation of the active CHCl3 extract led to the isolation and characterization of the flavonol, quercetagetin-3,5,7,3'-tetramethyl ether (1) as the main component. The structure of compound 1 was established by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and ROESY experiments), chemical transformation (derivatives 2 and 3), and comparison with data in the literature. Compound 1 and derivatives 2 and 3 were further evaluated against the promastigote and amastigote stage of L. amazonensis. Compounds 1-3 exhibited moderate leishmanicidal activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.234 to 0.484 mM and from 0.006 to 0.017 mM for the promastigote and amastigote forms, respectively, as well as low toxicity levels on macrophages (CC50 ranging from 0.365 to 0.664 mM). This study represents the first report of the antiprotozoal evaluation of Pulicaria inuloides, and the results highlight this species as a promising source of leishmanicidal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Fadel
- Unité de recherche Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyses Physicochimique et Biologiques, Université Constantine-1, Route d'Ain El Bey, 25 000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Ines Sifaoui
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands, University of La Laguna, Avda. Astrofısico Fco. Sanchez, S/N, 38203, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.,Laboratoire Materiaux-Molecules et Applications, IPEST, University of Carthage, La Marsa, Tunisia
| | - Atteneri López-Arencibia
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands, University of La Laguna, Avda. Astrofısico Fco. Sanchez, S/N, 38203, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - María Reyes-Batlle
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands, University of La Laguna, Avda. Astrofısico Fco. Sanchez, S/N, 38203, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Soumaya Hajaji
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Université de la Manouba, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Chiboub
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands, University of La Laguna, Avda. Astrofısico Fco. Sanchez, S/N, 38203, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.,Laboratoire Materiaux-Molecules et Applications, IPEST, University of Carthage, La Marsa, Tunisia
| | - Ignacio A Jiménez
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Isabel L Bazzocchi
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands, University of La Laguna, Avda. Astrofısico Fco. Sanchez, S/N, 38203, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Samir Benayache
- Unité de recherche Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyses Physicochimique et Biologiques, Université Constantine-1, Route d'Ain El Bey, 25 000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - José E Piñero
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands, University of La Laguna, Avda. Astrofısico Fco. Sanchez, S/N, 38203, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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Song JL, Yuan Y, Nie LH, Li BL, Qin XB, Li Y, Wu JW, Qiu SX. A new ent-kaurane diterpene derivative from the stems of Eurya chinensis R.Br. Nat Prod Res 2017. [PMID: 28641459 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1343327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
One new ent-kaurane diterpene derivative (1), along with four known diterpenes, was isolated from the stems of Eurya chinensis R.Br. The structure of the new compound was established by extensive analysis of mass spectrometric and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. Compound 1 showed moderate anti-inflammatory activities with IC50 value of 8.12 μM. This is the first example of diterpenoids with 4-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-hydroxyl-cyclohexanoyl substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ling Song
- a Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Yuan
- a Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Hui Nie
- b College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Bai-Lin Li
- a Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Bing Qin
- a Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- a Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Wei Wu
- a Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Xiang Qiu
- a Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
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11
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation and chemistry of diterpenoids from terrestrial as opposed to marine sources and includes labdanes, clerodanes, abietanes, pimaranes, kauranes, cembranes and their cyclization products. The literature from January to December, 2016 is reviewed.
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