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Hao Y, Zhang X, Lin X, Yang S, Huang Y, Lai W, Liao X, Liao W, Fu C, Zhang Z. *The traditional Chinese medicine processing change chemical composition and pharmacological effectiveness: Taking Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. and honey bran-fried Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. as examples. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155739. [PMID: 38797027 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (Baizhu in Chinese, BZ) is a typical traditional edible-medicinal herb used for thousands of years. Known as "the spleen-reinforcing medicine", it is often used clinically to treat reduced digestive function, abdominal distension, and diarrhoea, which are all caused by spleen deficiency. Among BZ's processing products, honey bran-fried BZ (HBBZ) is the only processed product recorded in BZ in the 2020 Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP). There are differences in effectiveness, traditional application, and clinical indications between them. PURPOSE This review reviewed BZ and its main product HBBZ from botany, ethnopharmacology, chemical composition, pharmacological effectiveness, and safety. The changes in chemical composition and pharmacological effectiveness of BZ induced by the processing of traditional Chinese medicine were emphatically described. METHODS Keywords related to Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., honey bran frying, essential oil, lactones, polysaccharide and combinations to include published studies of BZ and HBBZ from 2004-2023 were searched in the following databases: Pubmed, Chengdu University of TCM Library, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang database. All studies, published in English or Chinese, were included. However, in the process of chemical composition collection, we reviewed all available literature on the chemical composition of BZ and HBBZ. CONCLUSION Honey bran frying processing methods will affect BZ's chemical composition and pharmacological effectiveness. The types and contents of chemical components in the HBBZ showed some changes compared with those in BZ. For example, the content of volatile oil decreased and the content of lactones increased after stir-fried bran. In addition, new ingredients such as phenylacetaldehyde, 2-acetyl pyrrole, 6- (1,1-dimethylethyl) -3,4-dihydro-1 (2H) -naphthalone and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural appeared. Both BZ and HBBZ have a variety of pharmacological effectiveness. After stir-fried with honey bran, the "Zao Xing" is reduced, and the efficacy of tonify spleen is strengthened, which is more suitable for patients with weak spleen and stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Hao
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Lin
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Shasha Yang
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - You Huang
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Lai
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Liao
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Wan Liao
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.
| | - Chaomei Fu
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.
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Liu J, Yin X, Kou C, Thimmappa R, Hua X, Xue Z. Classification, biosynthesis, and biological functions of triterpene esters in plants. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100845. [PMID: 38356259 PMCID: PMC11009366 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Triterpene esters comprise a class of secondary metabolites that are synthesized by decorating triterpene skeletons with a series of oxidation, glycosylation, and acylation modifications. Many triterpene esters with important bioactivities have been isolated and identified, including those with applications in the pesticide, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. They also play essential roles in plant defense against pests, diseases, physical damage (as part of the cuticle), and regulation of root microorganisms. However, there has been no recent summary of the biosynthetic pathways and biological functions of plant triterpene esters. Here, we classify triterpene esters into five categories based on their skeletons and find that C-3 oxidation may have a significant effect on triterpenoid acylation. Fatty acid and aromatic moieties are common ligands present in triterpene esters. We further analyze triterpene ester synthesis-related acyltransferases (TEsACTs) in the triterpene biosynthetic pathway. Using an evolutionary classification of BAHD acyltransferases (BAHD-ATs) and serine carboxypeptidase-like acyltransferases (SCPL-ATs) in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, we classify 18 TEsACTs with identified functions from 11 species. All the triterpene-skeleton-related TEsACTs belong to BAHD-AT clades IIIa and I, and the only identified TEsACT from the SCPL-AT family belongs to the CP-I subfamily. This comprehensive review of the biosynthetic pathways and bioactivities of triterpene esters provides a foundation for further study of their bioactivities and applications in industry, agricultural production, and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xue Yin
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chengxi Kou
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ramesha Thimmappa
- Amity Institute of Genome Engineering, Amity University, Noida, UP India 201313, India
| | - Xin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zheyong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing 100700, P.R. China.
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Xie Z, Lin M, He X, Dong Y, Chen Y, Li B, Chen S, Lv G. Chemical Constitution, Pharmacological Effects and the Underlying Mechanism of Atractylenolides: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28103987. [PMID: 37241729 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28103987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Atractylenolides, comprising atractylenolide I, II, and III, represent the principal bioactive constituents of Atractylodes macrocephala, a traditional Chinese medicine. These compounds exhibit a diverse array of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and organ-protective effects, underscoring their potential for future research and development. Recent investigations have demonstrated that the anti-cancer activity of the three atractylenolides can be attributed to their influence on the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Additionally, the TLR4/NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways primarily mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of these compounds. Atractylenolides can protect multiple organs by modulating oxidative stress, attenuating the inflammatory response, activating anti-apoptotic signaling pathways, and inhibiting cell apoptosis. These protective effects extend to the heart, liver, lung, kidney, stomach, intestine, and nervous system. Consequently, atractylenolides may emerge as clinically relevant multi-organ protective agents in the future. Notably, the pharmacological activities of the three atractylenolides differ. Atractylenolide I and III demonstrate potent anti-inflammatory and organ-protective properties, whereas the effects of atractylenolide II are infrequently reported. This review systematically examines the literature on atractylenolides published in recent years, with a primary emphasis on their pharmacological properties, in order to inform future development and application efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313200, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Minqiu Lin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313200, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Xinglishang He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313200, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Yingjie Dong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313200, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Yigong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Bo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313200, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Suhong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313200, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Guiyuan Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Zhang HX, Si JG, Li JR, Yu M, Qin LL, Zhao CX, Zhang T, Zou ZM. Eudesmane-type sesquiterpenes from the rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala and their bioactivities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 206:113545. [PMID: 36481315 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen undescribed eudesmane-type sesquiterpenes, named atramacronoids D-R, along with fourteen known analogues were isolated from the rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala. The structures of atramacronoids D-R were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic data analysis, Snatzke's rule, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Notably, of the undescribed isolates, atramacronoids D and E are the first example of eudesmanolactam-phenol and eudesmanolactam-ethyl hybrids obtained from plants, respectively. A pair of enantiomers, (+)- and (-)-atramacronoids F, were successfully resolved by chiral-phase HPLC. Atramacronoid D exhibited weak cytotoxicity against SGC-7901 cells. Atramacronoid E significantly promoted the proliferation of LPS-induced IEC-6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jin-Guang Si
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing-Rong Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ling-Ling Qin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chen-Xu Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Zhong-Mei Zou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Bai Y, Wei W, Yao C, Wu S, Wang W, Guo DA. Advances in the chemical constituents, pharmacological properties and clinical applications of TCM formula Yupingfeng San. Fitoterapia 2023; 164:105385. [PMID: 36473539 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Yupingfeng San (YPFS) is a famous and commonly used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, respiratory tract infections, and pneumonia in China. It is composed of three Chinese herbs, including Astragali Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Saposhnikoviae Radix. In this review, the relevant references on YPFS were searched in the Web of Science, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and other databases. Literatures published from 2000 to 2022 were screened and summarized. The constituents in YPFS could be classified into nine groups according to their structures, including flavonoids, saponins, essential oils, coumarins, lactones, amino acids, organic acids, saccharides, chromones and others. The importance of chemical constituents in YPFS were demonstrated for specific pathological processes including immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and pulmonary diseases. This article systematically reviewed the up-to-date information on its chemical compositions, pharmacology and safety, that could be used as essential data and reference for clinical applications of YPFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Bai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenlong Wei
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Changliang Yao
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shifei Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - De-An Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Kim HY, Kim JH. Sesquiterpenoids Isolated from the Rhizomes of Genus Atractylodes. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200703. [PMID: 36323637 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Atractylodes plants have been used in traditional herbal medicine to treat gastrointestinal diseases and contain various chemical compounds. Sesquiterpenoids are the most important therapeutic compounds in Atractylodes rhizomes. Based on studies reported from 2000 to 2022, we classified sesquiterpenoids by their chemical skeletons and original resources. Moreover, we discussed their biosynthesis and physicochemical and pharmacological features. We reported sesquiterpenoids with skeletal moieties, such as monocyclic sesquiterpenes (bisabolene- and elemene-type), bicyclic sesquiterpenes (eudesmane-, isopterocarpolone-, hydroxycarissone-, eremophilane-, bisesquiterpenoid-, guaiane- and spirovetivane-type and eudesmane lactones) and tricyclic sesquiterpenes (cyperene- and patchoulene-type), with their biosynthetic pathways, chemical modifications and in vivo metabolites. The pharmacological activities of sesquiterpenoids as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic and anti-microbial and for treating gastrointestinal disorders have been reported for this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Young Kim
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Korea
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Zhu Q, Lin M, Zhuo W, Li Y. Chemical Constituents from the Wild Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity Evaluation as Well as Molecular Docking Study. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237299. [PMID: 34885880 PMCID: PMC8659057 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening the lead compounds which could interact both with PAS and CAS of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an important trend in finding innovative drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this paper, four sesquiterpenes, i.e., atractylenolide III (1), atractylenolide IV (2), 3-acetyl-atractylon (3) and β-eudesmol (4), were obtained from the wild Atractylode macrocephala grown in Qimen for the first time. Their structures were elucidated mainly by NMR spectroscopy. To screen the potential dual site inhibitors of AChE, the compounds 1, 2, 3, as well as a novel and rare bisesquiterpenoid lactone, biatractylenolide II (5), which was also obtained from the tilted plant in our previous investigation, were evaluated their AChE inhibitory activities by using Ellman's colorimetric method. The results showed that biatractylenolide II displayed moderate inhibitory activity (IC50 = 19.61 ± 1.11 μg/mL) on AChE. A further molecular docking study revealed that biatractylenolide II can interact with both the peripheral anionic site (PAS) and the catalytic active site (CAS) of AChE. These data suggest that biatractylenolide II can be considered a new lead compound to research and develop more potential dual site inhibitors of AChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China; (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Min Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China; (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wanying Zhuo
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China; (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Yunzhi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China; (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Correspondence:
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Liu X, Fu J, Yang J, Huang AC, Li RF, Bai LP, Liu L, Jiang ZH, Zhu GY. Linderaggrenolides A-N, Oxygen-Conjugated Sesquiterpenoid Dimers from the Roots of Lindera aggregata. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:5898-5909. [PMID: 33681628 PMCID: PMC7931382 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Linderaggrenolides A-N (1-14), 14 new lindenane sesquiterpenoid dimers with oxygen bridges were isolated from the roots of Lindera aggregata. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis, with the absolute configurations established by empirical approaches, electronic circular dichroism calculations, and X-ray crystallography. Compounds 8 and 9 were found to exhibit significant transforming growth factor-β inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 25.91 and 21.52 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau
Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Fu
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau
Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau
Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ancheng C. Huang
- Institute
of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Run-Feng Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau
Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Bai
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau
Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau
Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau
Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Yuan Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau
Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, People’s Republic of China
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Zhao YN, Gao G, Ma JL, Xu RZ, Guo T, Wu LM, Liu XG, Xie ZS, Xu JY, Zhang ZQ, Wang P. Two new sesquiterpenes from the rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala and their biological activities. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:1230-1235. [PMID: 33401972 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1869970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Two new sesquiterpenes, named selina-4(14),7,11-trien-9-ol (1) and selina-4(14),11-dien-7-ol (2), along with two known compounds were isolated from rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. All structures were assigned on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of 1 was established by TDDFT-ECD calculations. Compound 1 was found to moderately inhibit LSD1 activity with IC50 value of 34.0 μM. Compounds 1 and 4 exhibited a regulate effect on Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Zhao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gai Gao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin-Lian Ma
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui-Zhu Xu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tao Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Min Wu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin-Guang Liu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Shen Xie
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Yan Xu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Qiang Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhongjing Wanxi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, China
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Wu YX, Lu WW, Geng YC, Yu CH, Sun HJ, Kim YJ, Zhang G, Kim T. Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oil Derived from the Wild Rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000268. [PMID: 32533626 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil (EO) derived from the wild rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (AMA) growing in Qimen County (eastern China). GC/MS analysis identified fifteen compounds, representing 92.55 % of AMA EO. The major compounds were atractylone (39.22 %), β-eudesmol (27.70 %), thymol (5.74 %), hinesol (5.50 %), and 11-isopropylidenetricyclo[4.3.1.1(2,5)]undec-3-en-10-one (4.71 %). Ferricyanide reducing, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picyrlhydrazyl (DPPH) and 3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) scavenging assays revealed that AMA EO exhibited strong antioxidant capacities. Additionally, AMA EO showed inhibitory effects on growth of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis, with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 mg/mL. Treatments with AMA EO also significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, indicating anti-inflammatory activity of AMA EO. Furthermore, treatments with AMA EO decreased the transcriptional levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which might be the molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory effects. Overall, these results provide a theoretical basis for further study and application of AMA EO in food and medicine products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xiang Wu
- College of Life and Environment Science, Huangshan University, Huangshan, 245041, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Lu
- College of Life and Environment Science, Huangshan University, Huangshan, 245041, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Chuang Geng
- College of Life and Environment Science, Huangshan University, Huangshan, 245041, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Hao Yu
- College of Life and Environment Science, Huangshan University, Huangshan, 245041, P. R. China
| | - Han-Ju Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - You-Jeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, 760749, Korea
| | - Gen Zhang
- Shenzhen GenProMetab Biotechnology Company Limited, Shenzhen, 518101, P. R. China
| | - Taewan Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, 760749, Korea
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Shen Y, Chen H, Shen L, Li HX, Dong X, Xiao CJ, Jiang B. Dodelates A-E: Five dimeric eudesmane sesquiterpenoids from Dobinea delavayi. Bioorg Chem 2019; 95:103488. [PMID: 31884146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dodelates A-E (1-5), five angeloylated eudesmane sesquiterpenoid dimers were isolated from the roots of Dobinea delavayi. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. A possible biosynthetic pathway of these five compounds was proposed. Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited moderate antimalarial activities against Plasmodium yoelii BY265RFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- Institute of Materia Medica, Dali University, Dali 671000, PR China; College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali 671000, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali 671000, PR China
| | - Lei Shen
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali 671000, PR China
| | - Hua-Xuan Li
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali 671000, PR China
| | - Xiang Dong
- Institute of Materia Medica, Dali University, Dali 671000, PR China; College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali 671000, PR China
| | - Chao-Jiang Xiao
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali 671000, PR China.
| | - Bei Jiang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Dali University, Dali 671000, PR China.
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Long L, Wang L, Qi S, Yang Y, Gao H. New sesquiterpenoid glycoside from the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:1138-1145. [PMID: 30618310 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1553170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Six sesquiterpenoids and four lignans (1-10) were isolated from the n-BuOH extract of the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea. Among them, the new sesquiterpenoid glycoside named (4 R, 5S, 7R)-hinesolone-11-O-β-ᴅ-glucopyranoside (1), along with three known compounds (2-4) were first obtained from this genus. All the isolates were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods, and the absolute configurations were assigned by electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy technique. In addition, the cytotoxic bioassay of compound 1 was evaluated and results showed it had no significant antitumor activity against human cancer cell lines MCF-7, HepG-2 and Hela.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Long
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lushan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizhou Qi
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiren Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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13
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Zhu B, Zhang QL, Hua JW, Cheng WL, Qin LP. The traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 226:143-167. [PMID: 30130541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (called Baizhu in China) is a medicinal plant that has long been used as a tonic agent in various ethno-medical systems in East Asia, especially in China, for the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction, cancer, osteoporosis, obesity, and fetal irritability. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to provide a systematic summary on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of A. macrocephala to explore the future therapeutic potential and scientific potential of this plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was performed on A. macrocephala using scientific databases including Web of Science, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Springer, PubMed, SciFinder, and ScienceDirect. Information was also collected from classic books of Chinese herbal medicine, Ph.D. and M.Sc. dissertations, unpublished materials, and local conference papers on toxicology. Plant taxonomy was confirmed to the database "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org). RESULTS More than 79 chemical compounds have been isolated from A. macrocephala, including sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, polyacetylenes, coumarins, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, steroids, benzoquinones, and polysaccharides. Crude extracts and pure compounds of A. macrocephala are used to treat gastrointestinal hypofunction, cancer, arthritis, osteoporosis, splenic asthenia, abnormal fetal movement, Alzheimer disease, and obesity. These extracts have various pharmacological effects, including anti-tumor activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-aging activity, anti-oxidative activity, anti-osteoporotic activity, neuroprotective activity, and immunomodulatory activity, as well as improving gastrointestinal function and gonadal hormone regulation. CONCLUSIONS A. macrocephala is a valuable traditional Chinese medicinal herb with multiple pharmacological activities. Pharmacological investigations support the traditional use of A. macrocephala, and may validate the folk medicinal use of A. macrocephala to treat many chronic diseases. The available literature shows that much of the activity of A. macrocephala can be attributed to sesquiterpenoids, polysaccharides and polyacetylenes. However, there is a need to further understand the molecular mechanisms and the structure-function relationship of these constituents, as well as their potential synergistic and antagonistic effects. Further research on the comprehensive evaluation of medicinal quality, the understanding of multi-target network pharmacology of A. macrocephala, as well as its long-term in vivo toxicity and clinical efficacy is recommended.
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Key Words
- 12-hydroxytetradeca-2E,8E,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 5321038)
- 12-hydroxytetradeca-2E,8Z,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 54242098)
- 12-senecioyloxytetradeca-2E,8Z,10E-trien-4,6-diyne-1,14-diacetate (PubChem CID: 132941088)
- 13-hydroxyl-atractylenolide Ⅱ (PubChem CID: 132522412)
- 14-acetoxy-12-methylpropionyltetradeca-2E,8Z,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 132941089)
- 14-acetoxy-12-senecioyloxytetradeca-2E,8E,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 14448076)
- 14-acetoxy-12-senecioyloxytetradeca-2E,8Z,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 132941086)
- 14-acetoxy-12α-methylbutyryltetradeca-2E,8E,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 5319529)
- 14-acetoxy-12α-methylbutyryltetradeca-2E,8Z,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 5319530)
- 14-acetoxy-12β-methylbutyryltetradeca-2E,8E,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 14586258)
- 14-acetoxytetradeca-2E,8E,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 129844442)
- 14-senecioyloxytetradeca-2E,8Z,10E-trien-4,6-diyne-1-ol (PubChem CID: 132919181)
- 14α-methylbutyryltetradeca-2E,8E,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 5319531)
- 14β-methylbutyryltetradeca-2E,8E,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 102208392)
- 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (PubChem CID: 7041)
- 2,6-dimethoxyquinone (PubChem CID: 68262)
- 2-[(2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl]-6-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione (PubChem CID: 642530)
- 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) propan-1-one (PubChem CID: 75142)
- 4-ketone-atractylenolide Ⅲ (PubChem CID: 132522410)
- 4-methoxycinnamic acid (PubChem CID: 699414)
- 7-hydroxycoumarin (PubChem CID: 5281426)
- 8β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4′,5,7-trihydroxy-flavone (PubChem CID: 6420079)
- 8β-methoxyatractylenolide (PubChem CID: 101707485)
- Apigenin (PubChem CID: 5280443)
- Atractylenolactam (PubChem CID: 101707484)
- Atractylenolide I (PubChem CID: 5321018)
- Atractylenolide V (PubChem CID: 102163989)
- Atractylenolide Ⅱ (PubChem CID: 14448070)
- Atractylenolide Ⅲ (PubChem CID: 11311230)
- Atractylenolide Ⅳ (PubChem CID: 132510447)
- Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.
- Atractylon (PubChem CID: 3080635)
- Atractyloside A (PubChem CID: 71307451)
- Biepiasterolide (PubChem CID: 11351701)
- Caffeic acid (PubChem CID: 689043)
- D-mannitol (PubChem CID: 6251)
- Dictamnoside A (PubChem CID: 44560015)
- Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxycinnamate (PubChem CID: 5317238)
- Eudesm-4(15),7-diene-9α,11-diol (PubChem CID: 102519767)
- Eudesm-4(15)-ene-7β,11-diol (PubChem CID: 102519766)
- Ferulic acid (PubChem CID: 445858)
- Juniper camphor (PubChem CID: 5318734)
- Lupeol (PubChem CID: 259846)
- Luteolin (PubChem CID: 5280445)
- Palmitic acid (PubChem CID: 985)
- Pharmacology
- Phytochemistry
- Protocatechuic acid (PubChem CID: 72)
- Scopoletin (PubChem CID: 5280460)
- Scutellarein 6-O-glucoside (PubChem CID: 54493965)
- Selina-4(15),7(11)-dien-8-one (PubChem CID: 13986100)
- Stigmasterol (PubChem CID: 5280794)
- Syringin (PubChem CID: 5316860)
- Taraxeryl acetate (PubChem CID: 94225)
- Traditional uses
- Uridine (PubChem CID: 6029)
- Z-5-hydroxy ferulic acid (PubChem CID: 446834)
- β-sitosterol (PubChem CID: 222284)
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Lishui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Quan-Long Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jin-Wei Hua
- Lishui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Wen-Liang Cheng
- Lishui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lishui 323000, China.
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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