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Singhal R, Verma S, Singh V. Phytochemical investigation of Nigella sativa seed extract by HPTLC, HPLC and GC-MS: a comparative geographical study. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38684035 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2348673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to ensure the quality of the seed as well as determine the phytochemical composition of Nigella sativa seed extract (NSSE) obtained from three different geographical locations. Pharmacognostic evaluation of the seed includes preliminary phytochemical screening, physicochemical evaluation, and study of heavy metal content, in addition to HPTLC, HPLC, and GC-MS studies of the extract obtained from the seed of the Nigella sativa (NS). HPTLC fingerprinting studies revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds. HPLC analysis confirms the quantitative variation of thymoquinone (TQ) in the extracts, i.e. the maximum quantity of TQ was found in Vizag NSSE, followed by Punjab and Madhya Pradesh. GC-MS analysis reveals the presence of 33, 35, and 32 constituents in the extract obtained from Vizag, Madhya Pradesh, and Punjab, respectively. This study confirms the variation in the phytochemical composition as well as in the biomarker (Thymoquinone) content present in the collected samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rini Singhal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shweta Verma
- Faculty of Pharmacy, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijender Singh
- School of Pharmacy, Lingayas Vidhyapeeth, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Song H, Lei N, Zeng L, Li X, Jiang C, Feng Q, Su Y, Liu J, Mu J. Mendelian randomization analysis identified tumor necrosis factor as being associated with severe COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1171404. [PMID: 37397483 PMCID: PMC10311560 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1171404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Observational studies have shown that anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy may be beneficial for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nevertheless, because of the methodological restrictions of traditional observational studies, it is a challenge to make causal inferences. This study involved a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the causal link between nine TNFs and COVID-19 severity using publicly released genome-wide association study summary statistics. Methods: Summary statistics for nine TNFs (21,758 cases) were obtained from a large-scale genome-wide association study. Correlation data between single-nucleotide polymorphisms and severe COVID-19 (18,152 cases vs. 1,145,546 controls) were collected from the COVID-19 host genetics initiative. The causal estimate was calculated by inverse variance-weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median methods. Sensitivity tests were conducted to assess the validity of the causal relationship. Results: Genetically predicted TNF receptor superfamily member 6 (FAS) positively correlated with the severity of COVID-19 (IVW, odds ratio = 1.10, 95% confidence interval = 1.01-1.19, p = 0.026), whereas TNF receptor superfamily member 5 (CD40) was protective against severe COVID-19 (IVW, odds ratio = 0.92, 95% confidence interval = 0.87-0.97, p = 0.002). Conclusion: Genetic evidence from this study supports that the increased expression of FAS is associated with the risk of severe COVID-19 and that CD40 may have a potential protective effect against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yue Su
- *Correspondence: Jibin Liu, ; Yue Su, ; Jie Mu,
| | - Jibin Liu
- *Correspondence: Jibin Liu, ; Yue Su, ; Jie Mu,
| | - Jie Mu
- *Correspondence: Jibin Liu, ; Yue Su, ; Jie Mu,
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Halma MTJ, Plothe C, Marik P, Lawrie TA. Strategies for the Management of Spike Protein-Related Pathology. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1308. [PMID: 37317282 PMCID: PMC10222799 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the wake of the COVID-19 crisis, a need has arisen to prevent and treat two related conditions, COVID-19 vaccine injury and long COVID-19, both of which can trace at least part of their aetiology to the spike protein, which can cause harm through several mechanisms. One significant mechanism of harm is vascular, and it is mediated by the spike protein, a common element of the COVID-19 illness, and it is related to receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. Given the significant number of people experiencing these two related conditions, it is imperative to develop treatment protocols, as well as to consider the diversity of people experiencing long COVID-19 and vaccine injury. This review summarizes the known treatment options for long COVID-19 and vaccine injury, their mechanisms, and their evidentiary basis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christof Plothe
- Center for Biophysical Osteopathy, Am Wegweiser 27, 55232 Alzey, Germany
| | - Paul Marik
- Front Line COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance (FLCCC), 2001 L St. NW Suite 500, Washington, DC 20036, USA;
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Pelvan E, Serhatlı M, Karaoğlu Ö, Karadeniz B, Pembeci Kodolbaş C, Aslı Öncü N, Çakırca G, Damarlı E, Başdoğan G, Mergen Duymaz G, Emir Akyıldız İ, Düz G, Acar S, Özhan Y, Sipahi H, Charehsaz M, Aydın A, Yesilada E, Alasalvar C. Development of propolis and essential oils containing oral/throat spray formulation against SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Funct Foods 2022; 97:105225. [PMID: 35996534 PMCID: PMC9385731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A broad range of evidence has confirmed that natural products and essential oils might have the potential to suppress COVID-19 infection. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an oral/throat spray formulation for prophylactic use in the oral cavity or help treatment modalities. Based on a reference survey, several essential oils, a cold-pressed oil, and propolis were selected, and cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of each component and the developed spray formulation were examined against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection using Vero E6 cells. Anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and analgesic activities as well as mutagenicity and anti-mutagenicity of the formulation were analysed. Forty-three phenolics were identified in both propolis extract and oral/throat spray. The spray with 1:640-fold dilution provided the highest efficacy and the cytopathic effect was delayed for 54 h at this dilution, and the antiviral activity rate was 85.3%. A combination of natural products with essential oils at the right concentrations can be used as a supplement for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Pelvan
- Life Sciences, TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Müge Serhatlı
- Life Sciences, TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Öznur Karaoğlu
- Life Sciences, TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Bülent Karadeniz
- Life Sciences, TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Neşe Aslı Öncü
- Life Sciences, TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gamze Çakırca
- Life Sciences, TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Emel Damarlı
- Altıparmak Gıda San. & Tic. A.Ş, Çekmeköy-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Günay Başdoğan
- Altıparmak Gıda San. & Tic. A.Ş, Çekmeköy-Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Gamze Düz
- Altıparmak Gıda San. & Tic. A.Ş, Çekmeköy-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezer Acar
- Altıparmak Gıda San. & Tic. A.Ş, Çekmeköy-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Özhan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Sipahi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Charehsaz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Aydın
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdem Yesilada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cesarettin Alasalvar
- Life Sciences, TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey,Corresponding author
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Nigella sativa L. and COVID-19: A Glance at The Anti-COVID-19 Chemical Constituents, Clinical Trials, Inventions, and Patent Literature. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092750. [PMID: 35566101 PMCID: PMC9105261 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has had an impact on human quality of life and economics. Scientists have been identifying remedies for its prevention and treatment from all possible sources, including plants. Nigella sativa L. (NS) is an important medicinal plant of Islamic value. This review highlights the anti-COVID-19 potential, clinical trials, inventions, and patent literature related to NS and its major chemical constituents, like thymoquinone. The literature was collected from different databases, including Pubmed, Espacenet, and Patentscope. The literature supports the efficacy of NS, NS oil (NSO), and its chemical constituents against COVID-19. The clinical data imply that NS and NSO can prevent and treat COVID-19 patients with a faster recovery rate. Several inventions comprising NS and NSO have been claimed in patent applications to prevent/treat COVID-19. The patent literature cites NS as an immunomodulator, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, a source of anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds, and a plant having protective effects on the lungs. The available facts indicate that NS, NSO, and its various compositions have all the attributes to be used as a promising remedy to prevent, manage, and treat COVID-19 among high-risk people as well as for the therapy of COVID-19 patients of all age groups as a monotherapy or a combination therapy. Many compositions of NS in combination with countless medicinal herbs and medicines are still unexplored. Accordingly, the authors foresee a bright scope in developing NS-based anti-COVID-19 composition for clinical use in the future.
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