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Babina K, Salikhova D, Makeeva I, Zaytsev A, Sokhova I, Musaeva S, Polyakova M, Novozhilova N. A Three-Month Probiotic (the Streptococcus salivarius M18 Strain) Supplementation Decreases Gingival Bleeding and Plaque Accumulation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:222. [PMID: 39057009 PMCID: PMC11276176 DOI: 10.3390/dj12070222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
S. salivarius M18 administration has been proven to provide positive effects on periodontal health; however, there is still no consensus on the optimum duration of probiotic administration. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three months of probiotic supplementation on bleeding on probing, signs of gingival inflammation, and dental biofilm. Sixty-two eligible individuals with gingivitis were enrolled in this placebo-controlled, double-blind trial and randomly allocated to the M18 or control groups. Primary outcomes were changes in gingival condition (gingival index, GI; gingival bleeding index, GBI) after 1, 2, and 3 months of lozenges administration and after a one-month washout. Secondary outcomes included changes in the Quigley-Hein plaque index (modified by Turesky et al.) after 1, 2, and 3 months of lozenges administration and after a washout. In total, 60 individuals completed the study (31 and 29 in the M18 group and the control group, respectively). No severe adverse events were reported. Probiotic supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in gingival bleeding at 1 month (effect size 1.09 [CI95%: 0.55-1.63]), 2 months (effect size 0.78 [CI95%: 0.26-1.30]), and 3 months (effect size 0.67 [CI95%: 0.15-1.18]) and a significant reduction in dental plaque accumulation at 2 months (effect size 0.63 [CI95%: 0.12-1.14]) and 3 months (effect size 0.55 [CI95%: 0.03-1.05]). A three-month supplementation with the probiotic resulted in a significant reduction in gingival bleeding and biofilm accumulation; however, a long-lasting effect is not expected, indicating the need for probiotic intake on a long-term basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Babina
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.S.); (I.M.); (I.S.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (N.N.)
| | - Dilara Salikhova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.S.); (I.M.); (I.S.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (N.N.)
| | - Irina Makeeva
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.S.); (I.M.); (I.S.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (N.N.)
| | - Alexandr Zaytsev
- Institute of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Inna Sokhova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.S.); (I.M.); (I.S.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (N.N.)
| | - Sevil Musaeva
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.S.); (I.M.); (I.S.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (N.N.)
| | - Maria Polyakova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.S.); (I.M.); (I.S.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (N.N.)
| | - Nina Novozhilova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.S.); (I.M.); (I.S.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (N.N.)
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Puzhankara L, Banerjee A, Chopra A, Venkitachalam R, Kedlaya MN. Effectiveness of probiotics compared to antibiotics to treat periodontal disease: Systematic review. Oral Dis 2024; 30:2820-2837. [PMID: 37964394 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Probiotics are promising adjuncts to non-surgical periodontal therapy (scaling and root planing (SRP)) for managing gingival and periodontal diseases. Probiotics are considered alternatives to antibiotics, especially with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Hence, the present systematic review aims to generate evidence on the role of probiotics compared to antimicrobial agents for managing periodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis). METHOD Six electronic databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, EBSCO, Cochrane, Clinical Trial Registry) were searched to collect studies comparing the effect of probiotics with antibiotics for periodontal disease. In total, 5530 articles were retrieved from all databases, of which 1891 were included for title and abstract screening. After screening, a total of ten clinical studies were included for data extraction and analysis. Probing pocket depth (PPD), Clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and microbial profile were recorded. RESULTS Probiotics showed a significant reduction in the PPD and CAL compared to antibiotics. Antibiotics were more effective in reducing the PI and GI. A combination of probiotics and antibiotics superior compared to probiotics and antibiotics alone. CONCLUSION Probiotics can be used as an alternative to antibiotics, however, a combination is more effective for managing periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Puzhankara
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Avishikta Banerjee
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Aditi Chopra
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - Madhurya N Kedlaya
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Vale GC, Mota BIS, Ando-Suguimoto ES, Mayer MPA. Lactobacilli Probiotics Modulate Antibacterial Response Gene Transcription of Dendritic Cells Challenged with LPS. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:293-307. [PMID: 36696085 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that may modulate the immune response by altering the maturation and function of antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial gene expression of dendritic cells challenged with LPS and probiotics. Immature dendritic cells were obtained from human CD14+ monocytes and challenged with E. coli LPS and probiotics Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (LR-32) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA-5) at a ratio DC:bacteria of 1:10. The analysis of gene expression was performed by RT-qPCR using the Kit RT2 human antibacterial response. In the supernatant, the cytokines secretion was determined by ELISA. Tukey post-ANOVA with p at 5% was used for statistical analysis. LPS showed the higher upregulation of 29 genes compared with the groups where probiotics were added to LPS, including genes related to an inflammatory response like BIRC3, CASP1, CCL5, CXCL1, IL12B, IL18, MYD88, NLRP3, RIPK1, and TIRAP. Similarly, LPS increased the transcription of genes enrolled with apoptosis such as CARD6, CASP1, IRF5, MAP2K1, MAP2K4, MAPK1, MYD88, NLRP3, RIPK2, TNF, TNFRSF1A, and XIAP when compared to probiotics groups (p < 0.05). Although probiotics decrease several genes upregulated by LPS, the transcription of encoded cytokines IL12A, IL12B, IL1B, IL6, CXCL8, and TNF genes was maintained upregulated by probiotics, except for IL18, which was downregulated by LA-5. LA-5 led to a higher transcription of IL1B, IL6, and CXCL-8 which was followed by the secretion of these proteins by ELISA. The results suggest that probiotics attenuate the transcription of inflammatory and immune response genes caused by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glauber Campos Vale
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bairro Ininga, CEP: 64049-550, Teresina, Brazil.
| | - Brenda Izabela Santana Mota
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bairro Ininga, CEP: 64049-550, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Pinto Alves Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ren Z, Xue Y, Zhang H, Zhang T, Wang M, Guo T, Xie J. Association between probiotic consumption and periodontitis: Evidence from NHANES 2009-2014. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:1476-1486. [PMID: 37596796 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM The study aimed to provide evidence of the relationship between probiotics consumption and periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 4577 adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 2009-2014 were included in the study. The weighted prevalence of periodontitis was compared among different groups, and a weighted binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between probiotic consumption and periodontitis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the role of probiotic consumption in the periodontitis prediction model. RESULTS Participants who consumed probiotics had a significantly lower prevalence of periodontitis than those who did not (41.08% vs. 27.83%, p < .001). After fully adjusting for all factors, the odds ratio associated with periodontitis for consuming probiotics was 0.70 (95% confidence interval 0.54-0.92, p = .01) when compared with those who did not consume probiotics. A predictive model including age, sex, ethnicity, poverty income ratio, smoking status and probiotics had 77.0% sensitivity and 60.3% specificity in detecting periodontitis in US adults and achieved an area under the ROC curve of 0.749. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that consuming probiotics is associated with a reduced risk of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyun Ren
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- Department of pediatrics, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- Department of stomatology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tailin Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Xie
- Department of pediatrics, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
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Simonič M, Slapničar Š, Trček J, Matijašić BB, Lorbeg PM, Vesel A, Zemljič LF, Peršin Fratnik Z. Probiotic Lactobacillus paragasseri K7 Nanofiber Encapsulation Using Nozzle-Free Electrospinning. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:6768-6789. [PMID: 36920716 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that can have beneficial effects on humans. Encapsulation offers them a better chance of survival. Therefore, nozzle-free electrospinning was introduced for their embedding in nanofibrous material. Probiotic Lactobacillus paragasseri K7 in lyophilized and fresh form, with and without inulin as prebiotic, was added to a polymer solution of sodium alginate (NaAlg) and polyethylene oxide (PEO). Conductivity, viscosity, pH, and surface tension were determined to define the optimal concentration and volume ratio for smooth electrospinning. The success of the formed nanoscale materials was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), while the entrapment of probiotics in the nanofibrous mats was detected by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Spontaneous diffusion of bacteria from electrospun samples in PBS buffer pH 7.4 was studied by plate counting on MRS agar. By exposing polymer solutions containing L. paragasseri K7 and inulin to a high electric field, the nanofilm was formed on a polypropylene substrate, used as collecting material. When polymer solutions without inulin were used, the bead-like nanofibers may have become visible. The SEM results suggest that inulin, in addition to K7 strain, additionally lowers the conductivity of spinning macromolecular solution and hinders the nanofiber formation. The results of ATR-FTIR confirmed the presence of L. paragasseri K7 embedded in nanocomposites by the appearance of characteristic peaks. The samples containing the probiotic regardless of its form with inulin had similar surface composition, except that the sodium content was higher in the samples with fresh probiotic, probably due to greater and thus less easy embedding of the bacteria in NaAlg. Within 2 h, the largest amount of probiotic strain K7 was spontaneously released from the electrospun sample containing the inulin and probiotic in freeze-dried form (44%), while the amount released from the nanofibrous sample, which also contained the inulin and probiotic in fresh form, was significantly lower (21%). These preliminary results demonstrate the potential of nozzle-free electrospinning technology for the development of probiotic delivery systems for short-term use, such as feminine hygiene materials (tampons, pads, napkins).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjana Simonič
- Laboratory of Water Physics and Membrane Processes, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, 20000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Špela Slapničar
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Trček
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Bojana Bogovič Matijašić
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Dairy Science and Probiotics, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1230, Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Petra Mohar Lorbeg
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Dairy Science and Probiotics, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1230, Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Vesel
- Surface Engineering and Optoelectronics, Institut "Jožef Stefan", 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lidija Fras Zemljič
- Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymers, Institute of Engineering Materials and Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Zdenka Peršin Fratnik
- Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymers, Institute of Engineering Materials and Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
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Lei Y, Li S, He M, Ao Z, Wang J, Wu Q, Wang Q. Oral Pathogenic Bacteria and the Oral-Gut-Liver Axis: A New Understanding of Chronic Liver Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3324. [PMID: 37958220 PMCID: PMC10648517 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13213324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases have long been a prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality, and their development and progression involve multiple vital organs throughout the body. Recent studies on the oral-gut-liver axis have revealed that the oral microbiota is associated with the pathophysiology of chronic liver diseases. Since interventions aimed at regulating oral biological disorders may delay the progress of liver disease, it is crucial to better comprehend this process. Oral bacteria with potential pathogenicity have been extensively studied and are closely related to several types of chronic liver diseases. Therefore, this review will systemically describe the emerging role of oral pathogenic bacteria in common liver diseases, including alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis, autoimmune liver diseases (AILD), and liver cancer, and bring in new perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiang Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.); (M.H.); (Z.A.); (J.W.); (Q.W.)
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Daneste H, Mohammadzadeh Boukani L, Ramezani N, Asadi F, Zaidan HK, Sadeghzade A, Ehsannia M, Azarashk A, Gholizadeh N. Combination therapy along with mesenchymal stem cells in wound healing; the state of the art. Adv Med Sci 2023; 68:441-449. [PMID: 37924749 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being increasingly used in various therapeutic applications including skin tissue repair and wound healing. The positive effects of the MSCs therapy are largely elicited by immunomodulation, increasing angiogenesis, supporting extracellular matrix (ECM) and thus favoring skin structure. However, the therapeutic competences of MSC-based therapies are somewhat hindered by their apparent modest clinical merits, conferring the need for methods that would rise the efficacy of such therapies. A plethora of reports have shown that therapeutic properties of MSCs could be enhanced with other strategies and compounds like biomaterial and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to target key possessions of MSCs and properties of adjacent tissues concurrently. Manipulation of cellular stress-response mechanisms to improve cell resistance to oxidative stress prior to or during MSC injection could also improve therapeutic efficacy of MSCs. In the current review, we shed light on the recent advances in MSCs combination therapy with other ingredients and procedures to sustain MSCs-mediated effects in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Daneste
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Narges Ramezani
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Asadi
- Department of Genetics, Izeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Izeh, Iran
| | - Haider Kamil Zaidan
- Department of Medical Laboratories Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Azita Sadeghzade
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ehsannia
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran East Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Azarashk
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Nasim Gholizadeh
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Atanasov N, Evstatieva Y, Nikolova D. Antagonistic Interactions of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Human Oral Microbiome against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1604. [PMID: 37375107 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral probiotic lactic acid bacteria can exhibit antagonistic activities against pathogens associated with diseases in the oral cavity. Therefore, twelve previously isolated oral strains were assessed for antagonistic evaluation against selected oral test microorganisms Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Two separate co-culturing analyses were performed, where all tested strains showed the presence of antagonistic activity and four strains, Limosilactobacillus fermentum N 2, TC 3-11, and NA 2-2, and Weissella confusa NN 1, significantly inhibited Streptococcus mutans by 3-5 logs. The strains showed antagonistic activity against Candida albicans, and all exhibited pathogen inhibition by up to 2 logs. Co-aggregation capability was assessed, showing co-aggregative properties with the selected pathogens. Biofilm formation and antibiofilm activity of the tested strains against the oral pathogens were assayed, where the strains showed specificity in self-biofilm formation and well-expressed antibiofilm properties by most of them above 79% and 50% against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, respectively. The tested LAB strains were assayed by a KMnO4 antioxidant bioassay, where most of the native cell-free supernatants exhibited total antioxidant capacity. These results show that five tested strains are promising candidates to be included in new functional probiotic products for oral healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Atanasov
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yana Evstatieva
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dilyana Nikolova
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Ye Y, Xu X, Mao B, Tang X, Cui S, Zhao J, Zhang Q. Evaluation of heat-inactivated Limosilactobacillus fermentum CCFM1139 and its supernatant for the relief of experimental periodontitis in rats. Food Funct 2023; 14:2847-2856. [PMID: 36880339 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02938c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease induced by subgingival microbial dysbiosis, characterised by inflammation of the soft tissues of the periodontium and progressive loss of alveolar bone. Limosilactobacillus fermentum CCFM1139 is a probiotic with the potential to relieve periodontitis in vitro and in vivo. Due to the cost of active strain in production applications, we considered the effectiveness of bacterial components and metabolites in alleviating experimental periodontitis. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of heat-inactivated Limosilactobacillus fermentum CCFM1139 and its supernatant in the development of experimental periodontitis through animal experiments. The results showed that active, heat-inactivated Limosilactobacillus fermentum CCFM1139 and its supernatant all significantly reduced IL-1β levels in gingival tissue and serum (p < 0.05). Micro-computed tomography (micro CT) analysis showed that the active and heat-inactivated Limosilactobacillus fermentum CCFM1139 reduced alveolar bone loss in rats with periodontitis by 25.6% and 15.9% respectively (p < 0.05), with no change in percentage of bone volume (p > 0.05). In histomorphometric analysis, active Limosilactobacillus fermentum CCFM1139 showed better results in reducing alveolar bone loss and reducing inflammatory cell recruitment at the second molar. In addition, there was no significant difference in the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive cells after in all experimental groups (p > 0.05). Therefore, heat-inactivated Limosilactobacillus fermentum CCFM1139 or its supernatant also have the ability to relieve periodontitis, and their alleviating effect may focus on the regulation of inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Xianyin Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P. R. China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200436, China
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Abd Allah FM, Elhosiny AM, Mohamed HF, Farrag AA, Elmeleigy MA. Enhanced antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria through genome shuffling and genetic variability among shuffled strains. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:114. [PMID: 36913158 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03556-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
In this investigation, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from milk were tested for their antibacterial properties and improved the antimicrobial activity of these isolates using genome shuffling. A total of sixty-one isolates were found in eleven samples, which were then tested using the agar diffusion method for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thirty-one strains exhibited antibacterial activity against at least one of the tested pathogens, with an inhibitory zone's diameter varying between 15.0 and 24.0 mm. Two isolates that showed the highest antimicrobial activity were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum CIP 103151 and Lactobacillus plantarum JCM 1149 according to 16S rRNA analysis. In the present study, applying genome shuffling approach significantly enhanced the antibacterial activity of L. plantarum. The initial populations were obtained via ultraviolet irradiation and were treated using the protoplast fusion method. The ideal condition for the production of protoplasts was 15 mg/ml of lysozyme and 10 μg/ml of mutanolysin. After two rounds of fusion, ten recombinants exhibited a significant increase in the inhibition zones versus S. aureus, S. typhimurium, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli, reaching up to 1.34, 1.31, 1.37, and 1.37-fold increase in inhibitory zone respectively. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA results showed clear differences in DNA banding patterns among the wild strain of L. plantarum CIP 103151 and the three selected shuffled strains using primers 1283 & OPA09. On the other hand, no change was obtained using primers OPD03 neither among the wild strain and the three recombinant strains nor among the three shuffled strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema M Abd Allah
- Botany & Microbiology Department (Girls Branch), Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Elhosiny
- Botany & Microbiology Department (Girls Branch), Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala F Mohamed
- Botany & Microbiology Department (Girls Branch), Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. .,Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ayman A Farrag
- Al-Azhar Centre for Fermentation Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.,Botany & Microbiology Department (Boys Branch), Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magda A Elmeleigy
- Botany & Microbiology Department (Girls Branch), Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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11
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Lin B, Ser HL, Wang L, Li J, Chan KG, Lee LH, Tan LTH. The Emerging Role of MMP12 in the Oral Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054648. [PMID: 36902078 PMCID: PMC10002488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP12), or macrophage metalloelastase, plays important roles in extracellular matrix (ECM) component degradation. Recent reports show MMP12 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. To date, this review represents the latest comprehensive overview of MMP12 in various oral diseases, such as periodontitis, temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD), orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Furthermore, the current knowledge regarding the distribution of MMP12 in different tissues is also illustrated in this review. Studies have implicated the association of MMP12 expression with the pathogenesis of several representative oral diseases, including periodontitis, TMD, OSCC, OTM, and bone remodelling. Although there may be a potential role of MMP12 in oral diseases, the exact pathophysiological role of MMP12 remains to be elucidated. Understanding the cellular and molecular biology of MMP12 is essential, as MMP12 could be a potential target for developing therapeutic strategies targeting inflammatory and immunologically related oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingpeng Lin
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Hooi Leng Ser
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Lijing Wang
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: (K.-G.C.); (L.-H.L.)
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Innovative Bioprospection Development Research Group (InBioD), Clinical School Johor Bahru, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Johor Bahru 80100, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (K.-G.C.); (L.-H.L.)
| | - Loh Teng-Hern Tan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Innovative Bioprospection Development Research Group (InBioD), Clinical School Johor Bahru, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Johor Bahru 80100, Malaysia
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12
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Hyseni E, Glavas Dodov M. Probiotics in dermatological and cosmetic products – application and efficiency. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2023. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2022.68.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The term “probiotics” has first been used in 1907 by Elie Metchnikoff. Since then, probiotics have been part of research not only in regards of digestive health, but also inflammatory diseases. Lately, there has been an increased interest of probiotic’s effects in skincare. The management of atopic dermatitis, acne, psoriasis, photo aging, skin cancer, intimate care, oral care, wound healing is getting harder each passing day, due to increased antibiotic resistance and other side effects of conventional therapy. Therefore, new ingredients have been investigated and probiotics have been proved to be effective in treating various skin conditions.
This review aims to evaluate the scientific evidence on topical and oral probiotics, and to evaluate the efficacy of cosmetic and dermatological products containing probiotics. Many studies have shown that skin and gut microbiome alterations have an important role in skin health. Although this is a new topic in dermatology and cosmetology, there have been some promising results in lots of research studies that the use of probiotics in cosmetic products may help improve the patient’s outcome. While oral probiotics have been shown to promote gut health, which influences the host immune system and helps treat different skin diseases, the mechanism of action of topical probiotics is not yet fully understood. Although the number of commercial probiotic cosmetic products released in the market is increasing and most of the studies have not shown any serious side effect of probiotics, further studies, in larger and heterogeneous groups are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edita Hyseni
- Center of Pharmaceutical nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, N. Macedonia
| | - Marija Glavas Dodov
- Center of Pharmaceutical nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, N. Macedonia
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13
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Kong C, Zhang H, Li L, Liu Z. Effects of green tea extract epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on oral disease-associated microbes: a review. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2131117. [PMID: 36212989 PMCID: PMC9542882 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2131117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
For thousands of years, caries, periodontitis and mucosal diseases, which are closely related to oral microorganisms, have always affected human health and quality of life. These complex microbiota present in different parts of the mouth can cause chronic infections in the oral cavity under certain conditions, some of which can also lead to acute and systemic diseases. With the mutation of related microorganisms and the continuous emergence of drug-resistant strains, in order to prevent and treat related diseases, in addition to the innovation of diagnosis and treatment technology, the development of new antimicrobial drugs is also important. Catechins are polyphenolic compounds in green tea, some of which are reported to provide health benefits for a variety of diseases. Studies have shown that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant and effective active ingredient in green tea catechins, which acts against a variety of gram-positive and negative bacteria, as well as some fungi and viruses. This review aims to summarize the research progress on the activity of EGCG against common oral disease-associated organisms and discuss the mechanisms of these actions, hoping to provide new medication strategies for the prevention and treatment of oral infectious diseases, the future research of EGCG and its translation into clinical practice are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Kong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huili Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lingfeng Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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14
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Colamarino AN, Johnson TM, Boudreaux DM, Dutner JM, Stancoven BW, Lincicum AR, Akers JA. Influence of Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, and prebiotic inulin on dysbiotic dental biofilm composition ex vivo. J Periodontol 2022. [PMID: 36542391 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotic bacterial supplementation has shown promising results in the treatment of periodontitis and the maintenance of periodontal health. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of Lactobacillus reuteri or Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis supplementation with and without prebiotic inulin on biofilm composition using an ex vivo biofilm model. METHODS Subgingival plaque specimens from three periodontitis-affected human donors were used to grow biofilms on hydroxyapatite disks in media supplemented with varying combinations of prebiotic inulin, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis. Relative abundances of bacterial genera present in mature biofilms were evaluated using 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing. Diversity metrics of microbial communities were evaluated using a next-generation microbiome bioinformatics platform. RESULTS Inulin supplementation produced statistically significant dose-dependent increases in relative abundances of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species (p < 0.001) with concomitant decreases in relative abundances of Streptococcus, Veillonella, Fusobacterium, Parvimonas, and Prevotella species (p < 0.001). Inoculation with L. reuteri or B. animalis subsp. lactis increased the relative abundance of only the supplemented probiotic genera (p < 0.05). Supplemental inulin led to a statistically significant decrease in biofilm alpha diversity (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The described ex vivo model appears suitable for investigating the effects of probiotic bacteria, prebiotic oligosaccharides, and combinations thereof on biofilm composition and complexity. Within the limitations imposed by this model, results from the present study underscore the potential for prebiotic inulin to modify biofilm composition favorably. Additional research further elucidating biologic rationale and controlled clinical research defining therapeutic benefits is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron N Colamarino
- Department of Periodontics, Army Postgraduate Dental School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Fort Gordon, Georgia, USA
| | - Thomas M Johnson
- Department of Periodontics, Army Postgraduate Dental School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Fort Gordon, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Joseph M Dutner
- Department of Endodontics, Army Postgraduate Dental School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Fort Gordon, Georgia, USA
| | - Brian W Stancoven
- Department of Periodontics, Army Postgraduate Dental School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Fort Gordon, Georgia, USA
| | - Adam R Lincicum
- Department of Periodontics, Army Postgraduate Dental School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Fort Gordon, Georgia, USA
| | - Joshua A Akers
- Department of Periodontics, Army Postgraduate Dental School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Fort Gordon, Georgia, USA
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15
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Matsubara VH, Fakhruddin KS, Ngo H, Samaranayake LP. Probiotic Bifidobacteria in Managing Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review. Int Dent J 2022; 73:11-20. [PMID: 36535806 PMCID: PMC9875235 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although various probiotic organisms have been evaluated for their utility in the management of periodontitis, their strain-specific mechanisms of action are still unclear. We aimed to systematically review the effect of bifidobacterial probiotics on periodontopathogens and host immune responses in periodontal diseases. An electronic search of articles published until June 2022 in Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases was performed. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and in vitro and animal studies were assessed, and the data regarding antimicrobial properties, immunomodulation, and clinical outcomes were analysed. A total of 304 studies were screened, but only 3 RCTs and 6 animal and in vitro studies met the inclusion criteria. The use of different strains of bifidobacteria led to (1) a reduction of key players of the red complex periodontopathogens; (2) reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (eg, interleukin [IL]1-β and IL-8) and higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10); (3) enhanced levels of osteoprotegerin and reduced levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand; and (4) a reduction of the dental plaque, bleeding on probing, alveolar bone loss, and clinical attachment loss. Bifidobacterial probiotic adjuvant supplementation, especially with Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis, appears to help improve clinical periodontal parameters and develop a healthy plaque microbiome through microbiological and immunomodulatory pathways. Further human and animal studies are warranted prior to the therapeutic use of bifidobacteria in the routine management of periodontal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Haruo Matsubara
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia,Corresponding author. Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Kausar Sadia Fakhruddin
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hien Ngo
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lakshman P. Samaranayake
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
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16
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Revisiting Periodontal Disease in Dogs: How to Manage This New Old Problem? Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121729. [PMID: 36551385 PMCID: PMC9774197 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent oral inflammatory diseases in dogs. PD onset begins with the formation of a polymicrobial biofilm (dental plaque) on the surface of the teeth, followed by a local host inflammatory response. To manage this disease, several procedures focusing on the prevention and control of dental plaque establishment, as well as on the prevention of local and systemic PD-related consequences, are essential. The removal of dental plaque and the inhibition of its formation can be achieved by a combination of dental hygiene homecare procedures including tooth brushing, the application of different oral products and the use of specific diet and chew toys, and regular professional periodontal procedures. Additionally, in some cases, periodontal surgery may be required to reduce PD progression. Associated with these measures, host modulation therapy, antimicrobial therapy, and other innovative therapeutic options may be useful in PD management. Moreover, PD high prevalence and its relation with potential local and systemic consequences reinforce the need for investment in the development of new preventive measures, treatments, and oral procedures to improve the control of this disease in dogs. Knowledge on the specific guidelines and diversity of the available products and procedures are fundamental to apply the most adequate treatment to each dog with PD.
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17
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Amato M, Di Spirito F, D’Ambrosio F, Boccia G, Moccia G, De Caro F. Probiotics in Periodontal and Peri-Implant Health Management: Biofilm Control, Dysbiosis Reversal, and Host Modulation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2289. [PMID: 36422359 PMCID: PMC9694231 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are microbially associated diseases of the tissues supporting the teeth and dental implants that are mediated by host inflammation and eventually lead to tooth and dental implant loss. Given the probiotics' role in biofilm control, dysbiosis reversal, and host modulation, their potential beneficial effects on the improvement of periodontitis and peri-implantitis have been recently investigated. Moreover, probiotics use has also been proposed in periodontal health management in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy. Therefore, the present study aimed to review, considering the periodontal microbiome composition around teeth and dental implants in healthy and pathological conditions, the putative favorable effects of probiotics on gingivitis, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis. The secondary aim of the present narrative review was to synthesize the supporting evidence and proposed protocols for probiotics use as adjuncts in periodontitis and peri-implantitis treatment and the periodontal health management of orthodontic patients with fixed appliances. Contrasting findings from the literature may be due to the different methods, posology, and duration of probiotics prescriptions and due to the heterogeneous biological and clinical measurement methods employed. Thus, no definitive conclusions could be drawn about the effectiveness of probiotics in periodontal management, both in healthy and pathological conditions. Further studies are needed to validate probiotics for periodontal management and provide recommended protocols.
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18
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You I, Mahiddine FY, Park H, Kim MJ. Lactobacillus acidophilus novel strain, MJCD175, as a potential probiotic for oral health in dogs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:946890. [PMID: 36118340 PMCID: PMC9478757 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.946890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is the second-largest habitat for microorganisms, and a well-balanced oral microbiome contributes to preventing dental disorders caused by pathogenic bacteria. Since humans and dogs have different lifestyles and oral microbiome structures, the present study aimed to develop novel probiotics for dogs. A total 53 Lactobacillus spp. were isolated from healthy dogs, and nine isolates were identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus according to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. According to the high antimicrobial activity against the dental caries-causing bacterium Streptococcus mutans, single or three mixed strains were orally administered to dogs for 4 weeks with concentration of 108-109 CFU/day. Intraoral swab samples were collected before and after the administration, and changes of oral pathogen were analyzed using quantitative PCR. Among them, Porphyromonas gingivalis, a critical factor of periodontitis, was significantly reduced in the single-strain administered group. Based on the acid and bile salts tolerance characteristics of isolates, systemic effects were also analyzed by comparing serum immunoglobulin and reproductive ability before and after the administration. However, no significant changes were observed in the serum IgG level and sperm quality. Overall, these in vitro and in vivo results suggest that L. acidophilus isolates from dogs, especially L. acidophilus MJCD175, could be promising probiotic candidates to support oral health without systemic adverse effects in dogs.
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19
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Piazzesi A, Putignani L. Extremely small and incredibly close: Gut microbes as modulators of inflammation and targets for therapeutic intervention. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:958346. [PMID: 36071979 PMCID: PMC9441770 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.958346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark for a variety of disorders and is at least partially responsible for disease progression and poor patient health. In recent years, the microbiota inhabiting the human gut has been associated with not only intestinal inflammatory diseases but also those that affect the brain, liver, lungs, and joints. Despite a strong correlation between specific microbial signatures and inflammation, whether or not these microbes are disease markers or disease drivers is still a matter of debate. In this review, we discuss what is known about the molecular mechanisms by which the gut microbiota can modulate inflammation, both in the intestine and beyond. We identify the current gaps in our knowledge of biological mechanisms, discuss how these gaps have likely contributed to the uncertain outcome of fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotic clinical trials, and suggest how both mechanistic insight and -omics-based approaches can better inform study design and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Piazzesi
- Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Unit of Microbiomics and Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Lorenza Putignani,
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20
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Bueno MR, Ishikawa KH, Almeida-Santos G, Ando-Suguimoto ES, Shimabukuro N, Kawamoto D, Mayer MPA. Lactobacilli Attenuate the Effect of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Infection in Gingival Epithelial Cells. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:846192. [PMID: 35602018 PMCID: PMC9116499 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.846192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics may be considered as an additional strategy to achieve a balanced microbiome in periodontitis. However, the mechanisms underlying the use of probiotics in the prevention or control of periodontitis are still not fully elucidated. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of two commercially available strains of lactobacilli on gingival epithelial cells (GECs) challenged by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. OBA-9 GECs were infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans strain JP2 at an MOI of 1:100 and/or co-infected with Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 (La5) or Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Lr32 (Lr32) at an MOI of 1:10 for 2 and 24 h. The number of adherent/internalized bacteria to GECs was determined by qPCR. Production of inflammatory mediators (CXCL-8, IL-1β, GM-CSF, and IL-10) by GECs was determined by ELISA, and the expression of genes encoding cell receptors and involved in apoptosis was determined by RT-qPCR. Apoptosis was also analyzed by Annexin V staining. There was a slight loss in OBA-9 cell viability after infection with A. actinomycetemcomitans or the tested probiotics after 2 h, which was magnified after 24-h co-infection. Adherence of A. actinomycetemcomitans to GECs was 1.8 × 107 (± 1.2 × 106) cells/well in the mono-infection but reduced to 1.2 × 107 (± 1.5 × 106) in the co-infection with Lr32 and to 6 × 106 (± 1 × 106) in the co-infection with La5 (p < 0.05). GECs mono-infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans produced CXCL-8, GM-CSF, and IL-1β, and the co-infection with both probiotic strains altered this profile. While the co-infection of A. actinomycetemcomitans with La5 resulted in reduced levels of all mediators, the co-infection with Lr32 promoted reduced levels of CXCL-8 and GM-CSF but increased the production of IL-1β. The probiotics upregulated the expression of TLR2 and downregulated TLR4 in cells co-infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans. A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced the upregulation of NRLP3 was attenuated by La5 but increased by Lr32. Furthermore, the transcription of the anti-apoptotic gene BCL-2 was upregulated, whereas the pro-apoptotic BAX was downregulated in cells co-infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans and the probiotics. Infection with A. actinomycetemcomitans induced apoptosis in GECs, whereas the co-infection with lactobacilli attenuated the apoptotic phenotype. Both tested lactobacilli may interfere in A. actinomycetemcomitans colonization of the oral cavity by reducing its ability to interact with gingival epithelial cells and modulating cells response. However, L. acidophilus La5 properties suggest that this strain has a higher potential to control A. actinomycetemcomitans-associated periodontitis than L. rhamnosus Lr32.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela R Bueno
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karin H Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gislane Almeida-Santos
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen S Ando-Suguimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natali Shimabukuro
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dione Kawamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia P A Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Wu F, Fang B, Wuri G, Zhao L, Liu F, Zhang M. Metagenomic Analysis Reveals a Mitigating Role for Lactobacillus paracasei and Bifidobacterium animalis in Experimental Periodontitis. Nutrients 2022; 14:2125. [PMID: 35631266 PMCID: PMC9146436 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102125 10.3390/nu14102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have aroused increasing concern as an intervention strategy for periodontitis (PD), but their underlying mechanism of action remains poorly characterized. Regarding the significance of oral microbiota dysbiosis related to PD, we predicted that the preventive activity of probiotics may be influenced by suppressing the bacterial pathogenicity. Herein, we investigated the effects of Lactobacillus paracasei L9 (L9) and Bifidobacterium animalis A6 (A6) on PD using a rat model, and demonstrated a regulatory effect of probiotics on oral flora from a metagenomics perspective. Oral administration of A6 or L9 effectively relieved gingival bleeding, periodontal inflammatory infiltration, and alveolar bone resorption. In addition, A6 or L9 treatment reduced the inflammatory response and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, which we expected to ameliorate alveolar bone resorption as mediated by the receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB ligand/OPG signaling pathway. More importantly, using metagenomic sequencing, we showed that probiotics significantly altered the taxonomic composition of the subgingival microbiome, and reduced the relative proportions of pathogenic bacterial genera such as Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, Veillonella, and Escherichia. Both probiotics significantly inhibited levels of bacterial virulence factors related to adherence, invasion, exoenzyme, and complement protease functions that are strongly correlated with the pathogenesis of PD. Our overall results suggest that A6 and L9 may constitute promising prophylactic agents for PD, and should thus be further explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wu
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100084, China; (F.W.); (G.W.)
| | - Bing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Guna Wuri
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100084, China; (F.W.); (G.W.)
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fudong Liu
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China;
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100084, China; (F.W.); (G.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Wu F, Fang B, Wuri G, Zhao L, Liu F, Zhang M. Metagenomic Analysis Reveals a Mitigating Role for Lactobacillus paracasei and Bifidobacterium animalis in Experimental Periodontitis. Nutrients 2022; 14:2125. [PMID: 35631266 PMCID: PMC9146436 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102125+10.3390/nu14102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have aroused increasing concern as an intervention strategy for periodontitis (PD), but their underlying mechanism of action remains poorly characterized. Regarding the significance of oral microbiota dysbiosis related to PD, we predicted that the preventive activity of probiotics may be influenced by suppressing the bacterial pathogenicity. Herein, we investigated the effects of Lactobacillus paracasei L9 (L9) and Bifidobacterium animalis A6 (A6) on PD using a rat model, and demonstrated a regulatory effect of probiotics on oral flora from a metagenomics perspective. Oral administration of A6 or L9 effectively relieved gingival bleeding, periodontal inflammatory infiltration, and alveolar bone resorption. In addition, A6 or L9 treatment reduced the inflammatory response and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, which we expected to ameliorate alveolar bone resorption as mediated by the receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB ligand/OPG signaling pathway. More importantly, using metagenomic sequencing, we showed that probiotics significantly altered the taxonomic composition of the subgingival microbiome, and reduced the relative proportions of pathogenic bacterial genera such as Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, Veillonella, and Escherichia. Both probiotics significantly inhibited levels of bacterial virulence factors related to adherence, invasion, exoenzyme, and complement protease functions that are strongly correlated with the pathogenesis of PD. Our overall results suggest that A6 and L9 may constitute promising prophylactic agents for PD, and should thus be further explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wu
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100084, China; (F.W.); (G.W.)
| | - Bing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Guna Wuri
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100084, China; (F.W.); (G.W.)
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fudong Liu
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China;
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100084, China; (F.W.); (G.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Metagenomic Analysis Reveals a Mitigating Role for Lactobacillus paracasei and Bifidobacterium animalis in Experimental Periodontitis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102125. [PMID: 35631266 PMCID: PMC9146436 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have aroused increasing concern as an intervention strategy for periodontitis (PD), but their underlying mechanism of action remains poorly characterized. Regarding the significance of oral microbiota dysbiosis related to PD, we predicted that the preventive activity of probiotics may be influenced by suppressing the bacterial pathogenicity. Herein, we investigated the effects of Lactobacillus paracasei L9 (L9) and Bifidobacterium animalis A6 (A6) on PD using a rat model, and demonstrated a regulatory effect of probiotics on oral flora from a metagenomics perspective. Oral administration of A6 or L9 effectively relieved gingival bleeding, periodontal inflammatory infiltration, and alveolar bone resorption. In addition, A6 or L9 treatment reduced the inflammatory response and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, which we expected to ameliorate alveolar bone resorption as mediated by the receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB ligand/OPG signaling pathway. More importantly, using metagenomic sequencing, we showed that probiotics significantly altered the taxonomic composition of the subgingival microbiome, and reduced the relative proportions of pathogenic bacterial genera such as Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, Veillonella, and Escherichia. Both probiotics significantly inhibited levels of bacterial virulence factors related to adherence, invasion, exoenzyme, and complement protease functions that are strongly correlated with the pathogenesis of PD. Our overall results suggest that A6 and L9 may constitute promising prophylactic agents for PD, and should thus be further explored in the future.
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Outside the limits of bacterial viability: postbiotics in the management of periodontitis. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115072. [PMID: 35513043 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a major cause of tooth loss in adults worldwide and is caused by an unbalanced oral microbiota in a susceptible host, ultimately leading to tissue breakdown and bone loss. Traditionally, the treatment for periodontitis is scaling and root planing; however, some cases require adjuvant therapy, such as antibiotics administration or surgery. Various factors are involved in the pathogenesis and interact in an unpredictable way, increasing the complexity of the disease and making it difficult to manage. In this context, the administration of probiotics aimed at resolving bacterial dysbiosis and the associated dysregulation of the immune system has been employed in clinical trials with encouraging results. However, the use of viable microorganisms is not risk-free, and immunocompromised patients may develop adverse effects. Therefore, the use of inactivated microbial cells, cell fractions, or soluble products and metabolites of probiotics, known as postbiotics, has gained increasing attention. In this commentary, we present the current literature assessing the impact of postbiotics on the growth and metabolism of periodontal pathogens, as well as on the progression of periodontitis in rodents and humans. We also discuss the limitations of the available data and what the scientific community should consider in order to transfer this innovative therapeutic modality from the bench to the bedside.
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Metabolomics Research in Periodontal Disease by Mass Spectrometry. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092864. [PMID: 35566216 PMCID: PMC9104832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Periodontology is a newer field relative to other areas of dentistry. Remarkable progress has been made in recent years in periodontology in terms of both research and clinical applications, with researchers worldwide now focusing on periodontology. With recent advances in mass spectrometry technology, metabolomics research is now widely conducted in various research fields. Metabolomics, which is also termed metabolomic analysis, is a technology that enables the comprehensive analysis of small-molecule metabolites in living organisms. With the development of metabolite analysis, methods using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry, etc. have progressed, making it possible to analyze a wider range of metabolites and to detect metabolites at lower concentrations. Metabolomics is widely used for research in the food, plant, microbial, and medical fields. This paper provides an introduction to metabolomic analysis and a review of the increasing applications of metabolomic analysis in periodontal disease research using mass spectrometry technology.
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Comparison Between Different Delivery Vehicles for the Probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 on Experimental Periodontitis in Rats. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:313-325. [PMID: 35260963 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of the probiotic (PROB) Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 in two different delivery vehicles in experimental periodontitis (EP), including the gene expression for IL-10, IFN-γ, and FOXP3. In total, 32 rats were assigned into groups (n=8): C (control), EP, EP-PROB/Water, and EP-PROB/Milk. The probiotic was administered for 4 weeks, from baseline to euthanasia. Periodontitis was induced by ligatures 14 days after baseline. Data were statistically analyzed (p<0.05). Both probiotic groups presented decreased alveolar bone loss and increased interproximal attachment level than group EP. Also, these parameters were significantly improved in the Milk group when compared with the Water group. EP-PROB/Milk showed higher gene expression for IL-10 and lower for FOXP3 in relation to EP-PROB/Water and EP groups. The use of milk was able to potentiate the protective effects of B. lactis HN019 in rats under EP.
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27
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Zacher A, Marretta SM. Diagnosis and Management of Furcation Lesions in Dogs - A Review. J Vet Dent 2022; 39:151-172. [PMID: 35234060 DOI: 10.1177/08987564221076908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The furcation is the anatomic area where the roots divide on a multirooted tooth. Periodontal disease causing alveolar bone loss can lead to furcation lesions of various stages. Once furcation involvement has occurred, the area can be more difficult to clean or treat due to the complex anatomy and morphology of furcations. Teeth with short root trunks, longer tooth roots, and roots with wide furcation entrance areas/degrees of separation and wide root divergence are considered better candidates for long term maintenance. Dog teeth possess many of these advantageous anatomic features compared to human teeth. Treatment options for teeth with furcation lesions include: closed debridement, open debridement, furcation plasty, tunneling, partial tooth or root resection, root separation (hemisection or trisection), regenerative therapies, or exodontia. There are many factors to consider in determining treatment options. The favorable and unfavorable characteristics for maintenance of teeth with furcation lesions are summarized. Home care and ongoing professional care are important aspects of periodontal disease control for any patient. Studies of systemic and local antibiotic therapies in human patients have not demonstrated reduction of furcation stages, and probiotic effects at furcation sites have not been specifically examined. Human review studies show that most molar teeth once deemed "hopeless" due to stage 3 furcation lesions can be maintained for at least 5 to 15 years with supportive periodontal therapy. Similar long term studies in dogs are needed to improve the evidence-based management of canine patients with furcation lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Manfra Marretta
- 14589Professor Emerita University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Champaign-Urbana, IL, USA
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Ng E, Tay JRH, Saffari SE, Lim LP, Chung KM, Ong MMA. Adjunctive probiotics after periodontal debridement versus placebo: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Odontol Scand 2022; 80:81-90. [PMID: 34197264 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2021.1942193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To comprehensively investigate the efficacy of adjunctive probiotics compared to placebo, using conventional and novel treatment outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL) were searched. Outcomes included percent change in the total number of deep sites before and after therapy, change in mean probing pocket depth (mm), percentage patients requiring additional therapy, risk for disease progression, and microbiological and immunological results. Meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate treatment effects wherever appropriate. RESULTS Ten studies were selected from 818 records. Meta-analysis showed that adjunctive probiotics had no additional benefit for percentage change of the total number of deeper sites (≥5 mm, ≥6 mm, ≥7 mm) before and after therapy. No significant difference was observed for mean probing pocket depth reduction at 3 and 6 months. Statistically significant beneficial odds ratios for need for additional therapy (OR = 0.19, 95% CI [0.07-0.56]) and risk of disease progression (OR = 0.32, 95% CI [0.14-0.73]) were observed with probiotic administration. Immunological rather than microbiological outcomes correlated more consistently with clinical findings. No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS Adjunctive probiotics are safe in systemically healthy individuals and could offer additional patient-level benefits compared to placebo, hence its use can sometimes be justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Ng
- Discipline of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Rong Hao Tay
- Discipline of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Lum Peng Lim
- Discipline of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kong Mun Chung
- Discipline of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marianne Meng Ann Ong
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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Wang Y, Dong J, Wang J, Chi W, Zhou W, Tian Q, Hong Y, Zhou X, Ye H, Tian X, Hu R, Wong A. Assessing the drug resistance profiles of oral probiotic lozenges. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2019992. [PMID: 35024089 PMCID: PMC8745366 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.2019992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Probiotic lozenges have been developed to harvest the benefits of probiotics for oral health, but their long-term consumption may encourage the transfer of resistance genes from probiotics to commensals, and eventually to disease-causing bacteria. Aim To screen commercial probiotic lozenges for resistance to antibiotics, characterize the resistance determinants, and examine their transferability in vitro. Results Probiotics of all lozenges were resistant to glycopeptide, sulfonamide, and penicillin antibiotics, while some were resistant to aminoglycosides and cephalosporins. High minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were detected for streptomycin (>128 µg/mL) and chloramphenicol (> 512 µg/mL) for all probiotics but only one was resistant to piperacillin (MIC = 32 µg/mL). PCR analysis detected erythromycin (erm(T), ermB or mefA) and fluoroquinolone (parC or gyr(A)) resistance genes in some lozenges although there were no resistant phenotypes. The dfrD, cat-TC, vatE, aadE, vanX, and aph(3")-III or ant(2")-I genes conferring resistance to trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, quinupristin/dalfopristin, vancomycin, and streptomycin, respectively, were detected in resistant probiotics. The rifampicin resistance gene rpoB was also present. We found no conjugal transfer of streptomycin resistance genes in our co-incubation experiments. Conclusion Our study represents the first antibiotic resistance profiling of probiotics from oral lozenges, thus highlighting the health risk especially in the prevailing threat of drug resistance globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingya Dong
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Chi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiwen Tian
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yue Hong
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hailv Ye
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuechen Tian
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rongdang Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Aloysius Wong
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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BILOURO FC, ROCHA RS, GUIMARÃES JT, PIMENTEL TC, MAGNANI M, ESMERINO EA, FREITAS MQD, SILVA MC, CRUZ AGD, CANABARRO A. Probiotic milk drink as adjuvant therapy for the treatment of periodontitis: a randomized clinical trial with 180 days follow-up. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.17922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramon Silva ROCHA
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio CANABARRO
- Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Brasil; Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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31
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Niemiec BA, Gawor J, Tang S, Prem A, Krumbeck JA. The bacteriome of the oral cavity in healthy dogs and dogs with periodontal disease. Am J Vet Res 2022; 83:50-58. [PMID: 34727048 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.21.02.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the bacteriome of the oral cavity in healthy dogs and dogs with various stages of periodontal disease. ANIMALS Dogs without periodontal disease (n = 12) or with mild (10), moderate (19), or severe (10) periodontal disease. PROCEDURES The maxillary arcade of each dog was sampled with a sterile swab, and swabs were submitted for next-generation DNA sequencing targeting the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene. RESULTS 714 bacterial species from 177 families were identified. The 3 most frequently found bacterial species were Actinomyces sp (48/51 samples), Porphyromonas cangingivalis (47/51 samples), and a Campylobacter sp (48/51 samples). The most abundant species were P cangingivalis, Porphyromonas gulae, and an undefined Porphyromonas sp. Porphyromonas cangingivalis and Campylobacter sp were part of the core microbiome shared among the 4 groups, and P gulae, which was significantly enriched in dogs with severe periodontal disease, was part of the core microbiome shared between all groups except dogs without periodontal disease. Christensenellaceae sp, Bacteroidales sp, Family XIII sp, Methanobrevibacter oralis, Peptostreptococcus canis, and Tannerella sp formed a unique core microbiome in dogs with severe periodontal disease. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results highlighted that in dogs, potential pathogens can be common members of the oral cavity bacteriome in the absence of disease, and changes in the relative abundance of certain members of the bacteriome can be associated with severity of periodontal disease. Future studies may aim to determine whether these changes are the cause or result of periodontal disease or the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brook A Niemiec
- Veterinary Dental Specialties and Oral Surgery, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Shuiquan Tang
- MiDOG LLC, Tustin, CA.,Zymo Research Corp., Irvine, CA
| | - Aishani Prem
- MiDOG LLC, Tustin, CA.,Zymo Research Corp., Irvine, CA
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32
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Probiotics During the Therapeutic Management of Periodontitis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:353-375. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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33
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Yang B, Pang X, Li Z, Chen Z, Wang Y. Immunomodulation in the Treatment of Periodontitis: Progress and Perspectives. Front Immunol 2021; 12:781378. [PMID: 34868054 PMCID: PMC8640126 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.781378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most common dental diseases. Compared with healthy periodontal tissues, the immune microenvironment plays the key role in periodontitis by allowing the invasion of pathogens. It is possible that modulating the immune microenvironment can supplement traditional treatments and may even promote periodontal regeneration by using stem cells, bacteria, etc. New anti-inflammatory therapies can enhance the generation of a viable local immune microenvironment and promote cell homing and tissue formation, thereby achieving higher levels of immune regulation and tissue repair. We screened recent studies to summarize the advances of the immunomodulatory treatments for periodontitis in the aspects of drug therapy, microbial therapy, stem cell therapy, gene therapy and other therapies. In addition, we included the changes of immune cells and cytokines in the immune microenvironment of periodontitis in the section of drug therapy so as to make it clearer how the treatments took effects accordingly. In the future, more research needs to be done to improve immunotherapy methods and understand the risks and long-term efficacy of these methods in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefei Pang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuofan Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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34
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Lin B, Li R, Handley TN, Wade JD, Li W, O’Brien-Simpson NM. Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides Are Leading the Way to Combat Oropathogenic Infections. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2959-2970. [PMID: 34587737 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oral dental infections are one of the most common diseases affecting humans, with caries and periodontal disease having the highest incidence. Caries and periodontal disease arise from infections caused by oral bacterial pathogens. Current misuse and overuse of antibiotic treatments have led to the development of antimicrobial resistance. However, recent studies have shown that cationic antimicrobial peptides are a promising family of antibacterial agents that are active against oral pathogenic bacteria and also possess less propensity for development of antimicrobial resistance. This timely Review has a focus on two primary subjects: (i) the oral bacterial pathogens associated with dental infections and (ii) the current development of antimicrobial peptides targeting oral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Lin
- The Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, Melbourne Dental School, Centre for Oral Health Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rong Li
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas N.G. Handley
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - John D. Wade
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Wenyi Li
- The Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, Melbourne Dental School, Centre for Oral Health Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson
- The Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, Melbourne Dental School, Centre for Oral Health Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Abstract
Causes of the progression of periodontitis such as an imbalance between the immune response by the host by the release of inflammatory mediators in the response of the oral pathogenic dysbiotic biofilm have been identified. New insights on specific cell signaling pathways that appear during periodontitis have attracted the attention of researchers in the study of new personalised approaches for the treatment of periodontitis. The gold standard of non-surgical therapy of periodontitis involves the removal of supra and subgingival biofilm through professional scaling and root planing (SRP) and oral hygiene instructions. In order to improve periodontal clinical outcomes and overcome the limitations of traditional SRP, additional adjuvants have been developed in recent decades, including local or systemic antibiotics, antiseptics, probiotics, anti-inflammatory and anti-resorptive drugs and host modulation therapies. This review is aimed to update the current and recent evolution of therapies of management of periodontitis based on the adjunctive and target therapies. Moreover, we discuss the advances in host modulation of periodontitis and the impact of targeting epigenetic mechanisms approaches for a personalised therapeutic success in the management of periodontitis. In conclusion, the future goal in periodontology will be to combine and personalise the periodontal treatments to the colonising microbial profile and to the specific response of the individual patient.
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Shimabukuro N, Cataruci ACDS, Ishikawa KH, de Oliveira BE, Kawamoto D, Ando-Suguimoto ES, Albuquerque-Souza E, Nicoli JR, Ferreira CM, de Lima J, Bueno MR, da Silva LBR, Silva PHF, Messora MR, Camara NOS, Simionato MRL, Mayer MPA. Bifidobacterium Strains Present Distinct Effects on the Control of Alveolar Bone Loss in a Periodontitis Experimental Model. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:713595. [PMID: 34630089 PMCID: PMC8497694 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.713595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease induced by a dysbiotic oral microbiome. Probiotics of the genus Bifidobacterium may restore the symbiotic microbiome and modulate the immune response, leading to periodontitis control. We evaluated the effect of two strains of Bifidobacterium able to inhibit Porphyromonas gingivalis interaction with host cells and biofilm formation, but with distinct immunomodulatory properties, in a mice periodontitis model. Experimental periodontitis (P+) was induced in C57Bl/6 mice by a microbial consortium of human oral organisms. B. bifidum 1622A [B+ (1622)] and B. breve 1101A [B+ (1101)] were orally inoculated for 45 days. Alveolar bone loss and inflammatory response in gingival tissues were determined. The microbial consortium induced alveolar bone loss in positive control (P + B-), as demonstrated by microtomography analysis, although P. gingivalis was undetected in oral biofilms at the end of the experimental period. TNF-α and IL-10 serum levels, and Treg and Th17 populations in gingiva of SHAM and P + B- groups did not differ. B. bifidum 1622A, but not B. breve 1101A, controlled bone destruction in P+ mice. B. breve 1101A upregulated transcription of Il-1β, Tnf-α, Tlr2, Tlr4, and Nlrp3 in P-B+(1101), which was attenuated by the microbial consortium [P + B+(1101)]. All treatments downregulated transcription of Il-17, although treatment with B. breve 1101A did not yield such low levels of transcripts as seen for the other groups. B. breve 1101A increased Th17 population in gingival tissues [P-B+ (1101) and P + B+ (1101)] compared to SHAM and P + B-. Administration of both bifidobacteria resulted in serum IL-10 decreased levels. Our data indicated that the beneficial effect of Bifidobacterium is not a common trait of this genus, since B. breve 1101A induced an inflammatory profile in gingival tissues and did not prevent alveolar bone loss. However, the properties of B. bifidum 1622A suggest its potential to control periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natali Shimabukuro
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amália C de S Cataruci
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karin H Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna E de Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dione Kawamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen S Ando-Suguimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Albuquerque-Souza
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacques R Nicoli
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Caroline M Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Jean de Lima
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuela R Bueno
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro B R da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro H F Silva
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Michel R Messora
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Camara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Regina L Simionato
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia P A Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sang-Ngoen T, Czumbel LM, Sadaeng W, Mikó A, Németh DI, Mátrai P, Hegyi P, Tóth B, Csupor D, Kiss I, Szabó A, Gerber G, Varga G, Kerémi B. Orally Administered Probiotics Decrease Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans but Not Other Periodontal Pathogenic Bacteria Counts in the Oral Cavity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:682656. [PMID: 34447307 PMCID: PMC8383782 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.682656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: At the initial part of the gastrointestinal tract, multiple tissues serve the normal function of food delivery. Periodontal structures are integral elements of these. When they deteriorate, it is extremely challenging to regenerate and reconstruct them. The conventional intervention for periodontal disease is scaling and root planning with the aim of reducing pathogenic bacteria. However, periodontal pathogens can rapidly recolonize treated areas. Probiotics have been proposed as novel tools for managing oral health by suppressing pathogenic bacteria through their anti-inflammatory effect, but the available data are controversial. Aim: Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to study the effect of probiotics on periodontal pathogenic bacteria. Methods: The study was registered in PROSPERO under registration number CRD42018094903. A comprehensive literature search from four electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, and Web of Science) yielded nine eligible records for statistical analysis. Studies measuring bacterial counts in saliva and supra- and subgingival plaque were included. Bacterial counts were analyzed using standard mean difference (SMD) and by a random effects model with the DerSimonian-Laird estimation. Results: The results showed a significant decrease in the overall count of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in the probiotic-treated group compared to the control at 4 weeks (SMD: -0.28; 95% CI: -0.56--0.01; p = 0.045) but not later. Analyzing the bacterial counts in subgroups, namely, in saliva and supra- and subgingival plaque, separately, yielded no significant difference. Probiotics had no significant effect on the overall count of Porphyromonas gingivalis at 4 weeks (SMD: -0.02; 95% CI: -0.35-0.31; p = 0.914) or later. Subgroup analysis also revealed no significant difference between treatment and control groups nor did probiotics significantly decrease the overall and subgroup bacterial counts of Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Conclusion: Our data support the beneficial effect of probiotics in reducing A. actinomycetemcomitans counts, but not of other key periodontal pathogenic bacteria in periodontal disease patients. However, due to the complex mechanism associated with periodontal disease and the limitations of the available studies, there is a further need for well-designed randomized clinical trials to assess the efficacy of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wuttapon Sadaeng
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Mikó
- Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dávid István Németh
- Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Mátrai
- Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Division of Pancreatic Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Tóth
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dezső Csupor
- Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Kiss
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andrea Szabó
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Gerber
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Varga
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Kerémi
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Gare J, Kanoute A, Meda N, Viennot S, Bourgeois D, Carrouel F. Periodontal Conditions and Pathogens Associated with Pre-Eclampsia: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18137194. [PMID: 34281133 PMCID: PMC8297070 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-eclampsia, the second most frequent direct source of maternal mortality, is a multisystem gestational disorder characterized by proteinuria and maternal hypertension after the 20th gestational week. Although the causes of pre-eclampsia are still discussed, research has suggested that the placenta has a central place in the pathogenesis of this disease. Moreover, current surveys indicated that periodontal disorders observed during the pregnancy and more particularly, periodontal pathogens could be link to the risk of pre-eclampsia. OBJECTIVES This article aims to review recent studies focusing on periodontal conditions and pathogens associated with pre-eclampsia. METHODS The process followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. RESULTS Metabolic conditions, immunological changes, fluctuating progesterone and estrogen levels of the pregnant woman induce a dysbiosis of the oral microbiota and contribute to increase inflammation of periodontal tissues. Periodontal pathogens could diffuse through the bloodstream inducing a placenta inflammatory response as well as inflammatory molecules produced in response to periodontopathogens could migrate through the bloodstream leading to a placenta inflammatory response. Also, periodontopathogens can colonize the vaginal microbiota through the gastrointestinal tract or during oro-genital contacts. CONCLUSION A cumulative bi-directional relationship between periodontal conditions, pathogens and the pre-eclampsia exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyne Gare
- Laboratory P2S (Health Systemic Process), UR4129, University Claude Bernard of Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon, France; (J.G.); (S.V.); (D.B.)
- Public Health Laboratory (LASAP), ED2S Doctoral School of Sciences and Health, University Joseph Ki Zerbo, Ouagadougou 7021, Burkina Faso;
| | - Aida Kanoute
- Public Health Service, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar 10700, Senegal;
| | - Nicolas Meda
- Public Health Laboratory (LASAP), ED2S Doctoral School of Sciences and Health, University Joseph Ki Zerbo, Ouagadougou 7021, Burkina Faso;
| | - Stephane Viennot
- Laboratory P2S (Health Systemic Process), UR4129, University Claude Bernard of Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon, France; (J.G.); (S.V.); (D.B.)
| | - Denis Bourgeois
- Laboratory P2S (Health Systemic Process), UR4129, University Claude Bernard of Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon, France; (J.G.); (S.V.); (D.B.)
| | - Florence Carrouel
- Laboratory P2S (Health Systemic Process), UR4129, University Claude Bernard of Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon, France; (J.G.); (S.V.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-78-78-57-44
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Villafuerte KRV, Martinez CJH, Nobre AVV, Maia LP, Tirapelli C. What are microbiological effects of the adjunctive use of probiotics in the treatment of periodontal diseases? A systematic review. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:1-13. [PMID: 34169804 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics have aroused great interest as an adjunctive treatment to periodontal therapy, due to the frequent colonisation by periodontopathogens after therapy. The aim of this systematic review was to analyse in the scientific literature, evidence of the microbiological effects of probiotics as an adjunct to periodontal therapy in the treatment of periodontal diseases (PD). Only randomised controlled trials (RCT), evaluating the microbiological effect of probiotics as an adjunct to periodontal therapy. The authors conducted a search in PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and Cochrane Library to identify articles published in English until February 2020. The quality of the studies was assessed using the JADAD scale and the risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration assessment tool. Of the 265 articles potentially relevant to this review, 10 studies were included. The most frequently used probiotic bacteria were those of the genus Lactobacillus spp. and the time of administration of the probiotics was between 14 days to 3 months. Most studies have shown that the adjuvant use of probiotics reduces the total mean counts of gram-negative anaerobic species (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola and Prevotella intermedia) and gram-negative coccobacillus (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) of subgingival plaque samples. Probiotics adjuvant to periodontal therapy reduces periodontopathogenic species in a greater proportion, compared only to periodontal therapy. Especially the Lactobacillus reuteri strain, without combination with other strains, offered a greater reduction in pathogenic bacteria associated with greater destruction of periodontal tissues and deep periodontal pockets. Researchers should perform high-quality RCT, evaluating single strains without combinations, in order to observe the microbiological benefits as adjunctive treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R V Villafuerte
- Craniofacial Anomalies Rehabilitation Hospital - HRAC at University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, 17012-900, Brazil.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - C J H Martinez
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - A V V Nobre
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - L P Maia
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Western São Paulo - UNOESTE, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19050-680, Brazil
| | - C Tirapelli
- Integrated Dental Clinic, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
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Routier A, Blaizot A, Agossa K, Dubar M. What do we know about the mechanisms of action of probiotics on factors involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis? A scoping review of in vitro studies. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 129:105196. [PMID: 34153538 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Probiotics are increasingly used in oral prevention and treatment conditions, but little is known about their abilities. The aim of this review is to clarify, summarize and disseminate current knowledge about the mode of action of in vitro probiotics on factors involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. METHOD 2495 articles were identified in three databases (Medline, Web of Science, SpringerLink) and 26 studies included in this scoping review. RESULTS Twenty-three probiotic species were identified, the majority of which were Lactobacilli or Bifidobacteria. Lactobacillus rhamnosus (30.8 %) and Lactobacillus reuteri (42.3 %) were found to be the two predominantly studied probiotic species and three main mechanisms of action of probiotics could be classified as: (i) modulation of the immuno-inflammatory response, (ii) direct actions of probiotics on periodontopathogens by adhesion or nutritive competitions and/or the secretion of antimicrobial molecules and (iii) indirect actions through environmental modifications. A combination of several probiotic strains seems to be beneficial via synergistic action amplifying the functions of each strain used. However, heterogeneity of the methodologies and probiotic species included in studies leads us to consider the following avenues for future research: (i) implementation of standardized periodontal models as close as possible to in vivo periodontal conditions to identify the functions of each strain for appropriate medication, (ii) updating data about interactions within oral biofilms to identify new candidates and to predict then analyze their behavior within these biofilms. CONCLUSION Probiotics may have their place in the response to inter-individual variability in periodontitis, provided that the choice of the probiotic strain or combination of them will be personalized and optimal for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Routier
- School of Dentistry, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.
| | - Alessandra Blaizot
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.
| | - Kevimy Agossa
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France; University of Lille, Inserm, Lille University Hospital, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Marie Dubar
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France; University of Lille, Inserm, Lille University Hospital, UMR-S 1172, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Hu D, Zhong T, Dai Q. CLINICAL EFFICACY OF PROBIOTICS AS AN ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY TO SCALING AND ROOT PLANNING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PERIODONTITIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRAILS. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2021; 21:101547. [PMID: 34391565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2021.101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of probiotics as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planning treatment (SRP) in the management of periodontitis. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of science, SCOPUS and the Cochrane library were systematically searched to identify eligible studies. Stata 12.0 software was used to calculate the weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidential interval (CI). The primary outcomes were clinical attachment level (CAL), probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP). RESULTS Twenty-four randomized controlled trials (RCT) were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results showed CAL gain (WMD: 0.20, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.31), PPD reduction (WMD: -0.31, 95% CI -0.52 to -0.10) and BOP reduction (WMD: -2.98, 95% CI -4.70 to -1.26) in the SRP+ probiotics group were significantly improved compared to control group at 3 months follow-up, but no significant difference was observed at 6 months. In addition, the probiotics administration could improve Plaque index (WMD: -0.30, 95% CI -0.59 to -0.05) and Gingival index (WMD: -0.46, 95% CI -0.71 to -0.21) at short term. CONCLUSIONS The results support the clinical efficacy of probiotics as an adjunctive therapy to SRP in the management of periodontitis at least 3 months follow-up. Within the limits of the evidence, the long-term efficacy needs to further confirm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyong Hu
- Department of General Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Tian Zhong
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University; The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Qun Dai
- Department of General Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
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Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus by-products on gingival epithelial cells challenged with Porphyromonas gingivalis. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 128:105174. [PMID: 34058722 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Probiotics are usually given as living cells, but their effects may be also achieved by postbiotics. We hypothesized that probiotics products (spent media and lysate) altered the response induced by P. gingivalis in gingival epithelial cells (GECS). METHODS Immortalized human OBA-9 GECs (∼2,5 × 105cells/well) were challenged with P. gingivalis ATCC33277, and co-infected with L. rhamnosus Lr-32 for 4 h. L. rhamnosus Lr-32 spent medium or cells lysate was added to GECs co-infected with P. gingivalis. Another set of OBA-9 GECs were first exposed to P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 and then to the living probiotic or probiotic products. Transcription of genes encoding inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and CXCL-8) and receptors (TLR2 and TLR4) were evaluated by RT-qPCR. P. gingivalis growth under L. rhamnosus Lr-32 postbiotics was also evaluated. RESULTS L. rhamnosus Lr-32 spent media decreased cell viability, while living cells and cell lysates did not. L. rhamnosus Lr-32 lysate, but not spent media, upregulated transcription of inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and CXCL-8) in GECs infected with P. gingivalis. Transcription of TRL2 was upregulated in all experimental groups compared to control, whereas TLR4 was upregulated by the probiotic or its postbiotics in P. gingivalis infected cells. Spent media and lysates reduced the growth of P. gingivalis. CONCLUSION L. rhamnosus Lr-32 cell components rather than live probiotic enhanced the expression of inflammatory mediators in P. gingivalis infected gingival epithelial cells. The increased potential of Lr-32 cell lysates to promote immune response to the periodontopathogen may favor pathogen elimination but may also lead to additional deleterious effects of the exacerbated inflammation.
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43
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Doğan B, Kemer Doğan ES, Özmen Ö, Fentoğlu Ö, Kırzıoğlu FY, Calapoğlu M. Synergistic Effect of Omega-3 and Probiotic Supplementation on Preventing Ligature-Induced Periodontitis. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 14:114-120. [PMID: 34037942 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 and probiotics were shown to improve periodontal health by modulating the host immune response. Recently, the combination of omega-3 and probiotics has been shown to have a potential synergistic effect on host modulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prophylactic role of an omega-3 and probiotic combination on alveolar bone loss (ABL) via inflammatory response in an experimental periodontitis model. Forty-three rats were divided into 5 groups as control (C, n = 8), periodontitis (P, n = 8), omega-3 + periodontitis (O, n = 8), probiotic + periodontitis (Pro, n = 10), and omega-3 + probiotic + periodontitis (OPro, n = 9). Additionally to a standardized diet, omega-3 and/or probiotics were supplemented with oral gavage to the O, Pro, and OPro groups for 44 days. Periodontitis was induced by ligature to the P, O, Pro, and OPro groups on the 30th day for 2 weeks. ABL levels were measured histopathologically, and serum interleukin (IL) 1β, IL6, and IL10 levels were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ABL increased in all periodontitis groups (P, O, Pro, and OPro), compared to C group. Compared to P group, all oral gavage groups (O, Pro, and OPro) revealed decreased ABL, which was lowest in OPro group. IL1β and IL6 decreased and IL10 increased in OPro group, compared to P group. In conclusion, prophylactic administration of omega-3 and probiotic combination reduced ABL and improved serum IL1β, IL6, and IL10 levels more than their single use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Doğan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
| | - Esra Sinem Kemer Doğan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Özlem Özmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Özlem Fentoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yeşim Kırzıoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Calapoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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44
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de Oliveira AM, Lourenço TGB, Colombo APV. Impact of systemic probiotics as adjuncts to subgingival instrumentation on the oral-gut microbiota associated with periodontitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Periodontol 2021; 93:31-44. [PMID: 34028826 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oral-gut axis may be a route linking periodontal and systemic diseases. Probiotics could be an alternative for the treatment of microbial dysbiotic conditions, including periodontitis. This randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated the short-term efficacy of systemic probiotics adjunctive to subgingival instrumentation (SI) in promoting a better restoration of the oral-gut microbiotas and greater periodontal clinical outcome. METHODS Systemically healthy adults with untreated periodontitis were recruited from a Dental School setting and allocated to receive SI plus placebo (n = 24) or probiotics (n = 24), one capsule/day for 30 days. Subgingival biofilm and stool were obtained at baseline and 2-months post-therapy for microbiological analyses by checkerboard and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Differences in all parameters between placebo (n = 23) and probiotics (n = 19) groups were assessed by non-parametric tests. RESULTS Most subgingival species and α-diversity decreased after therapies (P <0.05), whereas gut composition/diversity were slightly or not affected by treatments. In parallel, significant clinical improvement (P <0.05) was similar between groups, although a trend for a higher proportion of poor responders in the placebo (60.8%) than the probiotic group (31.5%) was observed (P = 0.07). Strong correlations between oral and fecal species were found (P <0.01), and distinct species related to poor response for different therapies (P <0.05). Patients were classified into five periodontitis oral-gut microbial clusters, which correlated differently with attachment loss after therapies (P <0.05). CONCLUSION Systemic probiotics combined with SI did not provide short-term additional clinical or microbiological benefits in the treatment of periodontitis; however, response to therapies seemed to correlate with distinct oral-gut microbial profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Miranda de Oliveira
- Division of post-graduate Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Talita Gomes Baêta Lourenço
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Vieira Colombo
- Division of post-graduate Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Zidar A, Kristl J, Kocbek P, Zupančič Š. Treatment challenges and delivery systems in immunomodulation and probiotic therapies for periodontitis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1229-1244. [PMID: 33760648 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1908260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Periodontitis is a widespread illness that arises due to disrupted interplay between the oral microbiota and the host immune response. In some cases, conventional therapies can provide temporary remission, although this is often followed by disease relapse. Recent studies of periodontitis pathology have promoted the development of new therapeutics to improve treatment options, together with local application using advanced drug delivery systems.Areas covered: This paper provides a critical review of the status of current treatment approaches to periodontitis, with a focus on promising immunomodulation and probiotic therapies. These are based on delivery of small molecules, peptides, proteins, DNA or RNA, and probiotics. The key findings on novel treatment strategies and formulation of advanced delivery systems, such as nanoparticles and nanofibers, are highlighted.Expert opinion: Multitarget therapy based on antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and probiotic active ingredients incorporated into advanced delivery systems for application to the periodontal pocket can improve periodontitis treatment outcomes. Translation of such adjuvant therapy from laboratory to patient is expected in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anže Zidar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Julijana Kristl
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Kocbek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Špela Zupančič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Minić I, Pejčić A, Bradić-Vasić M. Effect of the local probiotics in the therapy of periodontitis A randomized prospective study. Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 20:401-407. [PMID: 33964104 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The use of local probiotics in the therapy of periodontitis is reflected in their ability to antagonize periodontopathogens and modulates the immune response of the host to the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of local probiotics in the treatment of periodontitis as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planning (SRP). METHODS The study involved 80 patients diagnosed with periodontitis. All participants underwent SRP therapy. Semi-solid probiotic was then locally applied to the periodontal pocket in randomly selected patients for the test group (40 of them). The other 40 patients were in the control group. Clinical parameters including periodontal pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque index (PI) were measured at baseline, and at 7 and 30 days after treatment. RESULTS Seven days after the applied therapy in the test and control group, there was a significant decrease in the values or BOP (p < .001), while the values of other parameters did not show a statistically significant difference (p < .05). One month after the therapy in both groups, there was a statistically significant difference in the values of all clinical parameters (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of this pilot study, it can be said that, during periodontal treatment, topical application of probiotics in combination with SRP increases the effectiveness of conventional non-surgical therapy of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Minić
- Department of Periodontology and Oral medicine, Medical faculty, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Ana Pejčić
- Department of Periodontology and Oral medicine, Medical faculty, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Marija Bradić-Vasić
- Department of Periodontology and Oral medicine, Medical faculty, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
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Retamal-Valdes B, Teughels W, Oliveira LM, da Silva RN, Fritoli A, Gomes P, Soares GMS, Temporão N, Furquim CP, Duarte PM, Doyle H, Faveri M, Figueiredo LC, Feres M. Clinical, microbiological, and immunological effects of systemic probiotics in periodontal treatment: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:283. [PMID: 33858486 PMCID: PMC8048221 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05246-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of scaling and root planing (SRP) with systemic metronidazole (MTZ) plus amoxicillin (AMX) has shown to be an effective treatment protocol, particularly for periodontitis stages III and IV, generalized. More recently, probiotics have also been suggested as a promising adjunctive treatment for periodontal diseases due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the aim of this randomized clinical trial (RCT) is to evaluate the clinical, microbiological, and immunological effects of probiotics as adjuncts to SRP alone or with MTZ+AMX in the treatment of periodontitis. METHODS Subjects with periodontitis are being randomly assigned to receive (i) SRP alone, or with (ii) two probiotic lozenges/day for 90 days (Prob), (iii) MTZ (400 mg) and AMX (500 mg) thrice a day (TID) for 14 days (MTZ+AMX), or (iv) Prob and MTZ+AMX. Subjects are being monitored for up to 12 months post-treatment. Nine subgingival plaque samples per patient are being collected at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months post-therapy and analyzed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization for 40 bacterial species. Peripheral blood and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of four randomly selected periodontal sites will be analyzed by means of a multiplex fluorescent bead-based immunoassay for 17 cyto/chemokines. STATISTICAL ANALYSES The significance of differences in each group (over the course of the study) will be sought using repeated measures ANOVA or Friedman tests and among groups (at each time point) using either ANOVA/ANCOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests, depending on normality of the data. The chi-square test will be used to compare differences in the frequency of subjects achieving the clinical endpoint for treatment (≤ 4 sites with PD ≥ 5 mm) at 1 year and of self-perceived adverse effects. A stepwise forward logistic regression analysis will be performed in order to investigate the impact of different predictor variables on the percentage of patients achieving the clinical endpoint for treatment. The Number Needed to Treat (NNT) with different treatment protocols will be also calculated. Statistical significance will be set at 5%. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03733379. Registered on November 7, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belen Retamal-Valdes
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Centro de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa-CEPPE, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229 Centro, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil
| | - Wim Teughels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Periodontology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KULeuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laryssa Macedo Oliveira
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Centro de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa-CEPPE, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229 Centro, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Nascimento da Silva
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Centro de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa-CEPPE, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229 Centro, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil
| | - Aretuza Fritoli
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Centro de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa-CEPPE, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229 Centro, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil
| | - Patricia Gomes
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Centro de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa-CEPPE, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229 Centro, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil
| | | | - Natalie Temporão
- Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Camila Pinheiro Furquim
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Centro de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa-CEPPE, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229 Centro, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil.,Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Poliana Mendes Duarte
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Centro de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa-CEPPE, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229 Centro, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil.,Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Helio Doyle
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Centro de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa-CEPPE, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229 Centro, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Faveri
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Centro de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa-CEPPE, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229 Centro, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil
| | - Luciene Cristina Figueiredo
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Centro de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa-CEPPE, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229 Centro, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil.
| | - Magda Feres
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Centro de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa-CEPPE, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229 Centro, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil
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Lundtorp-Olsen C, Enevold C, Twetman S, Belstrøm D. Probiotics Do Not Alter the Long-Term Stability of the Supragingival Microbiota in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10040391. [PMID: 33805208 PMCID: PMC8064340 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of the present study was to longitudinally characterize the supragingival microbiota throughout a three months period in orally healthy individuals. We tested the hypothesis that the supragingival microbiota shows a high degree of compositional stability, which is resilient against the external perturbation of regular use of probiotics, as long as oral health is maintained. Methods: The present study was a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The study population comprised a total of 110 oral and systemic healthy individuals, distributed in a probiotic (n = 55) and placebo (n = 55) group, where the test group consumed tablets with the probiotic strains Lacticaseibacillusrhamnosus (formerly Lactobacillus) PB01 DSM14870 and Latilactobacillus curvatus (formerly Lactobacillus) EB10 DSM32307 for a period of 12 weeks. Supragingival plaque samples and clinical registrations were performed at baseline, and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively. The supragingival microbiota was characterized by means of 16S rDNA sequencing. Sequences were referenced against the HOMD database. Results: No significant changes of the core microbiota, as expressed by relative abundance of predominant genera and species were evident during the three months observation period in the probiotic or the placebo group. Conclusions: Data from the present study clearly demonstrate long term compositional stability of the supragingival microbiota as long as oral health is maintained. In addition, the tested probiotics had no augmenting effect on the supragingival microbiota in oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lundtorp-Olsen
- Department of Odontology, Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.L.-O.); (S.T.)
| | - Christian Enevold
- Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Institute for Inflammation Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Svante Twetman
- Department of Odontology, Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.L.-O.); (S.T.)
| | - Daniel Belstrøm
- Department of Odontology, Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.L.-O.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-21-30-05-80
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A concerted probiotic activity to inhibit periodontitis-associated bacteria. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248308. [PMID: 33667279 PMCID: PMC7935250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis can result in tooth loss and the associated chronic inflammation can provoke several severe systemic health risks. Adjunctive to mechanical treatment of periodontitis and as alternatives to antibiotics, the use of probiotic bacteria was suggested. In this study, the inhibitory effect of the probiotic Streptococcus salivarius subsp. salivarius strains M18 and K12, Streptococcus oralis subsp. dentisani 7746, and Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 5289 on anaerobic periodontal bacteria and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was tested. Rarely included in other studies, we also quantified the inverse effect of pathogens on probiotic growth. Probiotics and periodontal pathogens were co-incubated anaerobically in a mixture of autoclaved saliva and brain heart infusion broth. The resulting genome numbers of the pathogens and of the probiotics were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Mixtures of the streptococcal probiotics were also used to determine their synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects. The overall best inhibitor of the periodontal pathogens was L. reuteri ATCC PTA 5289, but the effect is coenzyme B12-, anaerobiosis-, as well as glycerol-dependent, and further modulated by L. reuteri strain DSM 17938. Notably, in absence of glycerol, the pathogen-inhibitory effect could even turn into a growth spurt. Among the streptococci tested, S. salivarius M18 had the most constant inhibitory potential against all pathogens, followed by K12 and S. dentisani 7746, with the latter still having significant inhibitory effects on P. intermedia and A. actinomycetemcomitans. Overall, mixtures of the streptococcal probiotics did inhibit the growth of the pathogens equally or–in the case of A. actinomycetemcomitans- better than the individual strains. P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum were best inhibited by pure cultures of S. salivarius K12 or S. salivarius M18, respectively. Testing inverse effects, the growth of S. salivarius M18 was enhanced when incubated with the periodontal pathogens minus/plus other probiotics. In contrast, S. oralis subsp. dentisani 7746 was not much influenced by the pathogens. Instead, it was significantly inhibited by the presence of other streptococcal probiotics. In conclusion, despite some natural limits such as persistence, the full potential for probiotic treatment is by far not utilized yet. Especially, further exploring concerted activity by combining synergistic strains, together with the application of oral prebiotics and essential supplements and conditions, is mandatory.
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Cuenca M, Sánchez MC, Diz P, Martínez-Lamas L, Álvarez M, Limeres J, Sanz M, Herrera D. In Vitro Anti-Biofilm and Antibacterial Properties of Streptococcus downii sp. nov. Microorganisms 2021; 9:450. [PMID: 33671537 PMCID: PMC7926871 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anti-biofilm and antibacterial activities of Streptococcus downii sp. nov. To test anti-biofilm properties, Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were grown in a biofilm model in the presence or not of S. downii sp. nov. for up to 120 h. For the potential antibacterial activity, 24 h-biofilms were exposed to S. downii sp. nov for 24 and 48 h. Biofilms structures and bacterial viability were studied by microscopy, and the effect in bacterial load by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A generalized linear model was constructed, and results were considered as statistically significant at p < 0.05. The presence of S. downii sp. nov. during biofilm development did not affect the structure of the community, but an anti-biofilm effect against S. mutans was observed (p < 0.001, after 96 and 120 h). For antibacterial activity, after 24 h of exposure to S. downii sp. nov., counts of S. mutans (p = 0.019) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (p = 0.020) were significantly reduced in well-structured biofilms. Although moderate, anti-biofilm and antibacterial activities of S. downii sp. nov. against oral bacteria, including some periodontal pathogens, were demonstrated in an in vitro biofilm model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maigualida Cuenca
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (M.S.); (D.H.)
| | - María Carmen Sánchez
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (M.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Pedro Diz
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.D.); (J.L.)
| | - Lucía Martínez-Lamas
- Clinical Microbiology, Microbiology and Infectology Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, 36312 Galicia, Spain; (L.M.-L.); (M.Á.)
| | - Maximiliano Álvarez
- Clinical Microbiology, Microbiology and Infectology Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, 36312 Galicia, Spain; (L.M.-L.); (M.Á.)
| | - Jacobo Limeres
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.D.); (J.L.)
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (M.S.); (D.H.)
| | - David Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (M.S.); (D.H.)
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