1
|
Ivaškevičienė I, Silickaitė J, Mačionienė A, Ivaškevičius R, Bulavaitė A, Gėgžna V, Kiverytė S, Paškevič B, Žvirblienė A, Plečkaitytė M. Molecular characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis carriage strains in university students in Lithuania. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:352. [PMID: 37978423 PMCID: PMC10655475 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neisseria meningitidis can be carried asymptomatically in the human oropharynx without causing symptoms. Meningococcal carriage is relevant to the epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). No carriage studies have been performed among the general population in Lithuania, whereas the incidence of IMD in Lithuania was among the highest in European countries from 2009 to 2019. RESULTS We analyzed a total of 401 oropharyngeal samples collected from university students from December 2021 to February 2023 for N. meningitidis carriage using direct swab PCR assays and culture. The overall carriage prevalence based on both or either swab PCR or culture was 4.99%. PCR-based assays were used to characterize 15 carriage isolates, including detection of genogroup, multilocus sequence typing profile, and typing of antigens PorA and FetA. The most common carriage isolates were capsule null locus (cnl), accounting for 46.7%, followed by genogroups B (26.7%) and Y (13.3%). We also performed a molecular characterization of invasive N. meningitidis isolates collected during the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic period to understand better the meningococcal carriage in the context of prevailing invasive strains. Despite the substantial decrease in the incidence of IMD during the 2020-2022 period, clonal complex 32 (CC32) of serogroup B continued to be the most prevalent IMD-causing CC in Lithuania. However, CC32 was not detected among carriage isolates. The most common CCs were CC269, CC198, and CC1136. The antigen peptide variants found in most carried isolates were classified as 'insufficient data' according to the MenDeVAR Index to evaluate the potential coverage by the 4CMenB vaccine. Nearly half of the isolates were potentially covered by the Men-Fhbp vaccine. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was detected only for one cnl isolate. All isolates were susceptible to penicillin and ceftriaxone. Our analysis identified frequent partying (≥ 4 times/month) as a risk factor for meningococcal carriage, whereas smoking, living in a dormitory, and previous COVID-19 illness were not associated with the carriage. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a low prevalence of meningococcal carriage among university students in Lithuania. The carriage isolates showed genetic diversity, although almost half of them were identified as having a null capsule locus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inga Ivaškevičienė
- Clinic of Children's Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Pediatric Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Justina Silickaitė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Asta Mačionienė
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rimvydas Ivaškevičius
- Clinic of Children's Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Pediatric Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aistė Bulavaitė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilmantas Gėgžna
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Silvija Kiverytė
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Božena Paškevič
- Clinic of Children's Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Pediatric Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Žvirblienė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Milda Plečkaitytė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vesikari T, Brzostek J, Ahonen A, Paassilta M, Majda-Stanislawska E, Szenborn L, Virta M, Clifford R, Jackowska T, Kimmel M, Bindi I, Keshavan P, Pedotti P, Toneatto D. Immunogenicity and safety of different schedules of the meningococcal ABCWY vaccine, with assessment of long-term antibody persistence and booster responses - results from two phase 2b randomized trials in adolescents. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:4689-4700. [PMID: 34582323 PMCID: PMC8828153 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1968214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) protein vaccine, 4CMenB, combined with MenA, MenC, MenW and MenY polysaccharide-protein conjugates for a pentavalent MenABCWY vaccine, can potentially protect against most causative agents of invasive meningococcal disease worldwide. Two phase 2b, randomized, multicenter studies were conducted (NCT02212457, NCT02946385) to assess the immunogenicity and safety of the MenABCWY vaccine as well as antibody persistence and response to a booster dose 2 years after the last vaccination, compared to 4CMenB vaccination. Participants (10 − 18 years), randomized (3:3:2:2:2:2), received the 4-component 4CMenB vaccine according to a 0–2 month (M) schedule or MenABCWY according to a 0–2, 0–6, 0-2-6, 0–1, or 0–11 M schedule. All participants received 5 injections (at M0, M1, M2, M6 and M12) with either the study vaccines or placebo/hepatitis A vaccine. Follow-on participants (4CMenB-0-2, MenABCWY-0-2, MenABCWY-0-6 and MenABCWY-0-2-6 groups) received one dose of either 4CMenB (4CMenB-0-2 group) or MenABCWY and newly enrolled, age-matched, meningococcal vaccine-naïve adolescents (randomized 1:1) received 2 doses (0–2 M) of either 4CMenB or MenABCWY. MenABCWY vaccination was immunogenic against MenB test strains. Non-inferiority for all 4 components of the 4CMenB vaccine could not be demonstrated for the 0–2 M schedule. Antibodies persisted up to 2 years post-MenABCWY vaccination and a booster dose induced an anamnestic response as higher titers were observed in follow-on participants compared to the first-dose response in vaccine-naïve participants. MenABCWY had a clinically-acceptable safety profile, not different from that of 4CMenB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jerzy Brzostek
- Health Care Establishment in Debica, Infectious Diseases Outpatient Clinic, Debica, Poland
| | - Anitta Ahonen
- Vaccine Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marita Paassilta
- Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Leszek Szenborn
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Miia Virta
- Vaccine Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Teresa Jackowska
- Department of Pediatrics, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stefanizzi P, Bianchi FP, Spinelli G, Amoruso F, Ancona D, Stella P, Tafuri S. Postmarketing surveillance of adverse events following meningococcal B vaccination: data from Apulia Region, 2014-19. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 18:1-6. [PMID: 34435938 PMCID: PMC8920168 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1963171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the multicomponent meningococcal B vaccine introduction, the Apulian Regional Health Authority implemented postmarketing surveillance program, as provided by Italian laws. From National Pharmacovigilance Network, we selected 4CMenB AEFIs reported in Apulia from 01 January 2014 to 31 December 2019, while the number of 4 cMen B doses administered per year was obtained from the regional immunization database (GIAVA). For each subject who experienced an adverse event following meningococcal B vaccine (AEFIs), a predefined form was filled in. A total of 214 AEFIs (26.5 × 100.000 doses) were reported after any dose of MenB-4 c vaccination of which 58/214 (27.1%) were classified as serious (7.2 × 100,000 doses), 145/214 (67.8%) as not serious (180 × 100,000 doses), and 11/214 (5.1%) as undefined (1.3 × 100,000 doses). The average age of subjects who experimented and AEFI was 30 months. The majority of serious AEFIs were reported in 2- to 11-month-old children (44/57; 77.2%). A total of 31/58 (3.8 × 100,000 doses; 53.4%) serious AEFIs were reported as having a ‘consistent causal association’ with vaccination. Of these, fever/hyperpyrexia was reported in 21/31 (2.6 × 100,000 doses; 67.7%); hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode was reported in 7/31 (0.9 × 100,000 doses [add %-age]) and was the most frequent adverse event with neurological symptoms. A total of 13/31 (41.9%) serious AEFIs classified as ‘consistent causal association’ were reported after the first dose of 4cMenB, of these 5/13 (38.5%) children did not complete the vaccination schedule. Our data seemed to confirm, in a large population, the a good safety profile of the universal mass vaccination with 4CMENB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Stefanizzi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Bianchi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spinelli
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Amoruso
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenica Ancona
- Apulian Regional Health Department, Regional Center for Pharmacovigilance Activities, Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Stella
- Apulian Regional Health Department, Regional Center for Pharmacovigilance Activities, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvio Tafuri
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dubey AP, Hazarika RD, Abitbol V, Kolhapure S, Agrawal S. Mass gatherings: a review of the scope for meningococcal vaccination in the Indian context. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:2216-2224. [PMID: 33605845 PMCID: PMC8189129 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1871572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of meningococcal transmission is increased with crowding and prolonged close proximity between people. There have been numerous invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) outbreaks associated with mass gatherings and other overcrowded situations, including cramped accommodation, such as student and military housing, and refugee camps. In these conditions, IMD outbreaks predominantly affect adolescents and young adults. In this narrative review, we examine the situation in India, where the burden of IMD-related complications is significant but the reported background incidence of IMD is low. However, active surveillance for meningococcal disease is suboptimal and laboratory confirmation of meningococcal strain is near absent, especially in non-outbreak periods. IMD risk factors are prevalent, including frequent mass gatherings and overcrowding combined with a demographically young population. Since overcrowded situations are generally unavoidable, the way forward relies on preventive measures. More widespread meningococcal vaccination and strengthened disease surveillance are likely to be key to this approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anand P Dubey
- Pediatrics, ESI-PGIMSR & Model Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rashna Dass Hazarika
- Pediatrics, Nemcare Superspeciality Hospital, Bhangagarh, Guwahati, and RIGPA Children's Clinic, Guwahati, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Goodrich-Blair H. Interactions of host-associated multispecies bacterial communities. Periodontol 2000 2021; 86:14-31. [PMID: 33690897 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The oral microbiome comprises microbial communities colonizing biotic (epithelia, mucosa) and abiotic (enamel) surfaces. Different communities are associated with health (eg, immune development, pathogen resistance) and disease (eg, tooth loss and periodontal disease). Like any other host-associated microbiome, colonization and persistence of both beneficial and dysbiotic oral microbiomes are dictated by successful utilization of available nutrients and defense against host and competitor assaults. This chapter will explore these general features of microbe-host interactions through the lens of symbiotic (mutualistic and antagonistic/pathogenic) associations with nonmammalian animals. Investigations in such systems across a broad taxonomic range have revealed conserved mechanisms and processes that underlie the complex associations among microbes and between microbes and hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Goodrich-Blair
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ferreira VM, Ferreira ÍE, Chang HY, Nunes AMPB, Topaz N, Pimentel ER, Moura ARSS, Ribeiro GS, Feitosa CA, Reis MG, Wang X, Campos LC. Meningococcal carriage in young adults six years after meningococcal C conjugate (MCC) vaccine catch-up campaign in Salvador, Brazil. Vaccine 2020; 38:2995-3002. [PMID: 32115294 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Meningococcal carriage studies are important to improve the knowledge of disease epidemiology as well as to support appropriate vaccination strategies. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and genotypic characteristics of meningococci collected from young adults in Salvador, Brazil six years after a meningococcal C conjugate vaccine catch-up campaign. From August through November 2016, oropharyngeal swabs were collected from 407 students aged 1824 years attending a private college in Salvador, Brazil. Neisseria meningitidis was identified by standard microbiology methods and real time PCR. Genetic characteristics of meningococci were assessed by rt-PCR and/or whole genome sequencing. We also investigated potential factors associated with carriage. N. meningitidis was detectable in 50 students, 39 by both culture and rt-PCR, 7 by culture alone and 4 by rt-PCR alone, resulting in an overall meningococcal carriage prevalence of 12.3% (50/407). Carriage was independently associated with male sex (adjusted PR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.12-3.46; p = 0.018) and attending bars or parties at least once per month (aPR: 3.31; 95% CI: 1.49-7.38; p = 0.003). Molecular tests identified 92% (46/50) N. meningitidis as non-groupable, of which 63% (29/46) had the capsule null genotype; 14 NG isolates contained disrupted capsule backbones and belonged to the following genogroups: 7 B, 3 Z, 3 E and 1 W. One isolate belonged to genogroup C tested only by PCR; 3 isolates contained a complete B capsule backbones, 2 of which were determined to be NG by slide agglutination serogrouping. While most meningococcal carriage isolates were non-groupable, there was a high degree of genetic diversity present in the collection, as evidenced by 25 unique STs being detected. The carriage prevalence of meningococcal serogroup C was low among young adults. Continuous vaccination is important to maintain reduced meningococcal carriage and transmission, inducing herd protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Matos Ferreira
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - How-Yi Chang
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Nadav Topaz
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Guilherme Sousa Ribeiro
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Mitermayer Galvão Reis
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Xin Wang
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kenyon C. To What Extent Should We Rely on Antibiotics to Reduce High Gonococcal Prevalence? Historical Insights from Mass-Meningococcal Campaigns. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9020134. [PMID: 32085650 PMCID: PMC7168587 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the absence of a vaccine, current antibiotic-dependent efforts to reduce the prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in high prevalence populations have been shown to result in extremely high levels of antibiotic consumption. No randomized controlled trials have been conducted to validate this strategy and an important concern of this approach is that it may induce antimicrobial resistance. To contribute to this debate, we assessed if mass treatment in the related species, Neisseria meningitidis, was associated with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. To this end, we conducted a historical review of the effect of mass meningococcal treatment programmes on the prevalence of N. meningitidis and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. We found evidence that mass treatment programmes were associated with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Kenyon
- HIV/STI Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; ; Tel.: +32-3-2480796; Fax: +32-3-2480831
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7700, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
León ME, Kawabata A, Nagai M, Rojas L, Chamorro G. [Genotypes of Neisseria meningitidis isolates in patients with meningococcal meningitis in Paraguay, 1996-2015Genótipos de Neisseria meningitidis isolados de pacientes com doença meningocócica no Paraguai, 1996-2015]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2019; 43:e10. [PMID: 31093234 PMCID: PMC6393723 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2019.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo Describir las características fenotípicas y genotípicas de cepas de Neisseria meningitidis aisladas de enfermedad meningocócica en Paraguay entre 1996 y 2015. Métodos Se estudiaron por métodos microbiológicos convencionales y técnicas moleculares 114 aislamientos de N. meningitidis y 12 muestras clínicas sin aislamiento confirmadas por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) que fueron remitidas por los diferentes centros centinelas y centros colaboradores de Paraguay. Resultados El grupo de edad más afectado fue el de menores de 1 año (19,0%), seguido por el de 1 a 5 años (17,5%). Un mayor porcentaje de las cepas se aisló de casos de meningitis (81,7%) y el serogrupo B se encontró en 60,3% de los casos. Los fenotipos más frecuentes fueron B:4:P1.14 (16,0%), B:15:P1.5, C:NT:NST y W:NT:P1.2 (10,5%), respectivamente. Los complejos clonales prevalentes fueron ST-11/ET37 complex 29,6% (8/27) con predominio del serogrupo W (6/8), ST-35 complex 18,5% (5/27) en el serogrupo B (4/4), y ST-32/ET5 complex 14,8% (4/16) en el serogrupo B (5/5). Conclusiones En Paraguay la enfermedad meningocócica es relativamente infrecuente. Los análisis de distribución de serogrupo muestran que el más frecuente es el B y en los últimos dos años aumentaron los casos de enfermedad meningocócica por C y W. Los complejos clonales encontrados se correlacionan con los hallados en la región del Cono Sur. Debido al alto nivel de virulencia de N. meningitidis, su vigilancia debe constituir una prioridad estratégica de los sistemas de salud pública nacionales y regionales para prevenir brotes epidémicos y apoyar la toma de decisiones en salud pública.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia León
- Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Aníbal Kawabata
- Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Minako Nagai
- Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Liliana Rojas
- Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Gustavo Chamorro
- Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, Asunción, Paraguay
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
de Almeida AF, De Gaspari E. Dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB-BF) as a new adjuvant for maternal-fetal immunization in mice against Neisseria meningitidis: evaluation of humoral response. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:4780273. [PMID: 29293977 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis bacterium is a Gram-negative diplococcus. Among their serogroups, the B is one of the main causes of invasive meningococcal disease. Newborns and children are particularly susceptible to this infection because of their immune systems that are still maturing and relatively inexperienced. Thus, further studies on the use of maternal immunization for protection against this disease are needed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential immunogenic antigens from the outer membrane of N. meningitidis serogroup B in outbred mice and the influence of maternal immunization in the offspring, and analyze the adjuvant effect of bilayer fragments of dioctadecyldimethylamonium bromide (DODAB-BF) and hydroxide aluminium (alum) in enhancing antibodies production and transference to offspring. IgG and IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b subclasses of antibodies in serum from immunized mice and controls were quantified and compared. Immunization by subcutaneous and intramuscular routes exhibited evidence of IgG, and both adjuvants promoted the production of IgG1 and IgG2b that were transferred to the offspring. These antibodies also showed specificity with the outer membrane vesicles from homologous strain and were capable to cross react with different strains. The use of DODAB-BF seems to enhance immune response on mothers and offspring and may have immunological advantages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Freitas de Almeida
- Departamento de Imunologia, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 355, 11 andar, 01246902 São Paulo/SP, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth De Gaspari
- Departamento de Imunologia, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 355, 11 andar, 01246902 São Paulo/SP, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Terranova L, Principi N, Bianchini S, Di Pietro G, Umbrello G, Madini B, Esposito S. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B carriage by adolescents and young adults living in Milan, Italy: Prevalence of strains potentially covered by the presently available meningococcal B vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:1070-1074. [PMID: 29584565 PMCID: PMC5989914 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1450121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, two vaccines against meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) have been developed. They are prepared according to the reverse vaccinology approach and contain 4 (4CMenB) and 2 (MenB-FHbp) cross-reactive surface proteins. In Italy 4CMenB vaccine has been included in the official vaccination schedule only recently and recommended only for infants and toddlers, whereas MenB-FHbp is not licensed. In order to collect information about the present carriage of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (MenB) in Italian adolescents and to evaluate the potential protection offered by the presently available MenB vaccines, 2,560 otherwise healthy, high school students aged 14-21 years (907 males, 35.4%, median age 16.2 years) were enrolled in Milan, Italy. A swab to collect posterior pharynx secretions was collected from each subject and meningococcal identification, serogrouping, multilocus sequence typing analysis, sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis were performed. A total of 135 (5.3%) adolescents were meningococcal carriers. Strains belonging to serogroup B were the most common (n = 58; 2.3%), followed by MenY (n = 32; 1.2%), MenC (n = 7; 0.3%), MenW (n = 6; 0.3%) and MenX (n = 5; 0.2%). The remaining bacteria were not capsulated. The identified MenB strains belonged to eleven clonal complexes (CCs): ST-162 CC (n = 12; 20.7%), ST-865 CC (n = 12; 20.7%), ST-41/44/Lin.3 CC (n = 11; 19.0%), ST-35 CC (n = 6; 10.3%), ST-32/ET-5 CC (n = 4; 6.9%), ST-269 CC (n = 3; 5.2%), ST-213 CC (n = 2; 3.4%), ST-198 CC (n = 1; 1.7%), ST-461 CC (n = 1; 1.7%), ST-549 CC (n = 1; 1.7%), and ST-750 CC (n = 1; 1.7%). This study showed that MenB was the most commonly carried meningococcal serogroup found in adolescents living in Milan, Italy. The MenB vaccines presently licensed could have theoretically induced the production of antibodies effective against the greatest part of the identified MenB strains (100% in the case of 4CMenB and 95% in case of MenB-FHbp) Monitoring carriage remains essential to evaluate MenB circulation, but further studies are necessary to evaluate the effect on carriage and the final efficacy of both new MenB vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Terranova
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Principi
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Sonia Bianchini
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giada Di Pietro
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Umbrello
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara Madini
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|