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Lapsley Miller JA, Reed CM, Marshall L, Perez ZD, Villabona T. A Clinically Viable Medial Olivocochlear Reflex Assay Using Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions. Ear Hear 2024; 45:115-129. [PMID: 37475147 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The contralateral medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR) strength may indicate various auditory conditions in humans, but a clinically viable assay and equipment are needed for quick, accurate, and reliable measurements. The first experiment compared an earlier version of the assay, which used a nonlinear-mode chirp stimulus, with a new assay using a linear-mode click stimulus, designed to give reliable MOCR measurements in most normal-hearing ears. The second experiment extended the improved assay on a purpose-built binaural hardware platform that used forward-pressure level (FPL) calibration for both the stimulus and the contralateral MOCR elicitor. DESIGN Transient-evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) tests were measured with and without a 60-dB SPL MOCR-evoking contralateral broadband noise. The normalized MOCR strength (MOCR%) was derived from the TEOAE responses for each trial pair using the complex pressure difference weighted by the TEOAE magnitude. Experiment 1 compared MOCR% within-subject and across-day using two TEOAE stimuli: nonlinear-mode chirps (50 dB SPL, bandpass 1-5 kHz, 14 ms window delayed by 2 ms) and linear-mode clicks (50 dB SPL, bandpass 0.5-2.5 kHz, 13 ms window delayed by 5 ms). TEOAE responses were analyzed in the 0.5 to 2.5 kHz band. Thirty adult participants with normal hearing (30 ears) completed the study. The TEOAE stimulus was calibrated in situ using spectral flattening, and the contralateral noise was calibrated in a coupler. Twelve TEOAE trial pairs were collected for each participant and condition. Experiment 2 used a purpose-built binaural system. The TEOAE stimuli were linear-mode clicks (50 dB SPL, bandpass 1-3 kHz, 13 ms window delayed by 5 ms), analyzed in the 1 to 3 kHz band over ~12 trial pairs. After a probe refit, an additional trial pair was collected for the two early-stopping signal-to-noise ratio criteria (15 and 20 dB). They were evaluated for single-trial reliability and test time. Nineteen adult participants with normal hearing (38 ears) completed the study. The TEOAE clicks and contralateral elicitor noise were calibrated in situ using FPL and delivered with automated timing. RESULTS MOCR% for linear-mode clicks was distinguishable from measurement variability in 98% to 100% of participants' ears (both experiments), compared with only 73% for the nonlinear-mode chirp (experiment 1). MOCR detectability was assessed using the MOCR% across-subject/within-subject variance ratio. The ratio in experiment 1 for linear-mode clicks was higher (8.0) than for nonlinear-mode chirps (6.4). The ratio for linear-mode clicks (8.9) in experiment 2 was slightly higher than for the comparable linear-mode stimulus (8.0) in experiment 1. TEOAEs showed excellent reliability with high signal-to-noise ratios in both experiments, but reliability was higher for linear-mode clicks than nonlinear-mode chirps. MOCR reliability for the two stimuli was comparable. The FPL pressure response retest reliability derived from the SPL at the microphone was higher than the SPL retest reliability across 0.4 to 8 kHz. Stable results required 2 to 3 trial pairs for the linear-mode click (experiments 1 and 2) and three for the nonlinear-mode chirp (experiment 1), taking around 2 min on average. CONCLUSIONS The linear-mode click assay produced measurable, reliable, and stable TEOAE and MOCR results on both hardware platforms in around 2 min per ear. The stimulus design and response window ensured that any stimulus artifact in linear mode was unlikely to confound the results. The refined assay is ready to produce high-quality data quickly for clinical and field studies to develop population norms, recognize diagnostic patterns, and determine risk profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judi A Lapsley Miller
- Mimosa Acoustics, Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Charlotte M Reed
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lynne Marshall
- Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Zachary D Perez
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy Villabona
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Thai-Van H, Veuillet E, Le Normand MT, Damien M, Joly CA, Reynard P. The Magnitude of Contralateral Suppression of Otoacoustic Emissions Is Ear- and Age-Dependent. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4553. [PMID: 37445587 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The maturation of the uncrossed medial olivocochlear (UMOC) efferent remains poorly documented to date. The UMOC efferent system allows listeners to not only detect but also to process, recognize, and discriminate auditory stimuli. Its fibers can be explored non-invasively by recording the effect of contralateral acoustic stimulation (CAS), resulting in a decrease in the amplitude of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE). The objective of the present cross-sectional study was to investigate how the effectiveness of this system varies with age in healthy subjects aged 8 years to adulthood. For this purpose, 120 right-handed native French-speaking subjects (57 females and 63 males) were divided into five age groups of 24 subjects each: 8y-10y, 10y-11y6m, 11y6m-13y, 13y-17y, and ≥18y. TEOAE amplitudes with and without CAS were recorded. The equivalent attenuation (EA) was calculated, corresponding to the change in TEOAE amplitude equivalent to the effect generated by CAS. General linear models were performed to control for the effect of ear, sex, and age on EA. No sex effect was found. A stronger EA was consistently found regardless of age group in the right ear compared to the left. In contrast to the right ear, for which, on average, EA remained constant across age groups, an increasingly weaker TEOAE suppression effect with age was found in the left ear, reinforcing the asymmetrical functioning of the UMOC efferent system in favor of the right ear in adulthood. Further studies are needed to investigate the lateralization of the UMOC efferent system and its changes over time in cases of atypical or reversed cortical asymmetries, especially in subjects with specific learning disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Thai-Van
- Institut de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, 75012 Paris, France
- Service d'Audiologie et d'Explorations Oto-Neurologiques, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Evelyne Veuillet
- Institut de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, 75012 Paris, France
- Service d'Audiologie et d'Explorations Oto-Neurologiques, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marie-Thérèse Le Normand
- Institut de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, 75012 Paris, France
- Laboratoire Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, URP 4057, Université Paris Cité, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - Maxime Damien
- Institut de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, 75012 Paris, France
- Service d'Audiologie et d'Explorations Oto-Neurologiques, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Charles-Alexandre Joly
- Institut de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, 75012 Paris, France
- Service d'Audiologie et d'Explorations Oto-Neurologiques, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pierre Reynard
- Institut de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, 75012 Paris, France
- Service d'Audiologie et d'Explorations Oto-Neurologiques, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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Paradoxical and labile medial olivocochlear functioning as a potential marker of auditory processing disorder in a child with learning disabilities. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2020; 137:339-342. [PMID: 32247718 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The medial olivocochlear system (MOCS) is composed of fibres projecting directly onto outer hair cells and plays a role in improving the signal-to-noise ratio. The MOCS can be evaluated by measuring suppression of the otoacoustic emissions evoked by contralateral acoustic stimulation. Dyslexic children present an increased probability of auditory processing disorder (APD). These children may present paradoxical MOCS dysfunction. CASE REPORT We report the case of a dyslexic child with APD, who was severely disabled in a noisy environment. Audiometric tests were normal, and the central auditory assessment showed labile MOCS functioning that was not only ineffective, but also potentially deleterious, possibly accounting for this child's hearing impairment in a noisy environment. DISCUSSION This case illustrates the importance of audiological assessment and objective investigation of MOCS function in children with a learning disability, especially with hearing difficulties in the presence of noise, in whom auditory training can be beneficial.
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Boothalingam S, Allan C, Allen P, Purcell DW. The Medial Olivocochlear Reflex Is Unlikely to Play a Role in Listening Difficulties in Children. Trends Hear 2020; 23:2331216519870942. [PMID: 31558110 PMCID: PMC6767729 DOI: 10.1177/2331216519870942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR) has been implicated in several auditory processes. The putative role of the MOCR in improving speech perception in noise is particularly relevant for children who complain of listening difficulties (LiD). The hypothesis that the MOCR may be impaired in individuals with LiD or auditory processing disorder has led to several investigations but without consensus. In two related studies, we compared the MOCR functioning of children with LiD and typically developing (TD) children in the same age range (7-17 years). In Study 1, we investigated ipsilateral, contralateral, and bilateral MOCR using forward-masked click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs; n = 17 TD, 17 LiD). In Study 2, we employed three OAE types: CEOAEs (n = 16 TD, 21 LiD), stimulus frequency OAEs (n = 21 TD, 30 LiD), and distortion product OAEs (n = 17 TD, 22 LiD) in a contralateral noise paradigm. Results from both studies suggest that the MOCR functioning is not significantly different between the two groups. Some likely reasons for differences in findings among published studies could stem from the lack of strict data quality measures (e.g., high signal-to-noise ratio, control for the middle ear muscle reflex) that were enforced in the present study. The inherent variability of the MOCR, the subpar reliability of current MOCR methods, and the heterogeneity in auditory processing deficits that underlie auditory processing disorder make detecting clinically relevant differences in MOCR function impractical using current methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Boothalingam
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Chris Allan
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,National Centre for Audiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Prudence Allen
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,National Centre for Audiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - David W Purcell
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,National Centre for Audiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Mattsson TS, Lind O, Follestad T, Grøndahl K, Wilson W, Nordgård S. Contralateral suppression of otoacoustic emissions in a clinical sample of children with auditory processing disorder. Int J Audiol 2019; 58:301-310. [DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2019.1570358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tone Stokkereit Mattsson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ålesund Hospital, Ålesund, Norway
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ola Lind
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Turid Follestad
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kjell Grøndahl
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Wayne Wilson
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ståle Nordgård
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Aksoy ED, Culhaoğlu B, Öcal FCA, Erbek SS, Erbek HS. Does the Efferent Auditory System Have a Role in Children with Specific Learning Disabilities? Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 57:30-33. [PMID: 31049250 DOI: 10.5152/tao.2019.3748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to compare the baseline transient otoacoustic emission (t-OAE) amplitudes and medial olivo-cochlear (MOC) efferent activity in children with specific learning disability (SLD) and children with normal development. Methods The study was conducted in two groups. The patient group included 30 children aged 6 to 10 years and diagnosed with SLD, and the control group included 30 children in the same age range without SLD. The patient group included eight males and 22 females, and the control group included 14 females and 16 males. t-OAE and contralateral suppression test were performed in both groups. Results In the first t-OAE measurements, a statistically significant difference was observed between the patient and the control group at frequencies of 1400, 2000, 2800, and 4000 Hz, but no such difference was observed at 1000 Hz frequency. In the control group, significantly better emission amplitudes were observed. No differences were found at any frequency between the patient and the control groups after suppression. When the subjects in the two groups were compared among themselves, there was a statistically significant difference between the before and after suppression scores in the patient group except at 4000 Hz. Likewise, an important difference was also observed in all frequencies in the control group. Conclusion This study shows that suppression effects of t-OAE on children diagnosed with SLD and children with no SDL are not significantly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Demirel Aksoy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Başkent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belde Culhaoğlu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Başkent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - F Ceyda Akın Öcal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selim Sermed Erbek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Başkent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Seyra Erbek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Başkent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Akbari M, Panahi R, Valadbeigi A, Hamadi Nahrani M. Speech-in-noise perception ability can be related to auditory efferent pathway function: a comparative study in reading impaired and normal reading children. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 86:209-216. [PMID: 30772249 PMCID: PMC9422508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Deficient auditory processing can cause problems with speech perception and affect the development and evolution of reading skills. The efferent auditory pathway has an important role in normal auditory system functions like speech-in-noise perception, but there is still no general agreement on this. Objective To study the performance of the efferent auditory system in a group of children with reading impairment in comparison with normal reading and evaluation of its relationship with speech-in-noise perception. Methods A total of 53 children between the ages of 8–12 years were selected for the study of which 27 were with reading impairment and 26 were normal reading children. Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions suppression and auditory recognition of words-in-noise test were performed for all the children. Results The average amplitude of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions suppression showed a significant difference between the two groups in the right (p = 0.004) and in the left ear (p = 0.028). Assessment of the relationship between transient evoked otoacoustic emissions suppression and monaural auditory recognition of words-in-noise scores showed a significant moderate negative relationship only in the right ear (p = 0.034, r = −0.41) of the normal reading children. Binaural auditory recognition of words-in-noise scores were significantly correlated with the amplitude of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions suppression in the right ear (p < 0.001, r = −0.75) and in the left ear (p < 0.001, r = −0.64) of normal reading children. In the reading impaired group, ?a weaker correlation was observed between binaural auditory recognition of words-in-noise scores and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions suppression in the right (p = 0.003, r = −0.55) and in the left ear (p = 0.012, r = −0.47). Conclusions Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions suppression pattern in the reading impaired group was different compared with normal reading children, and this difference could be related to efferent system performance. Words-in-noise scores in children with impaired reading were lower than in normal reading children. In addition, a relationship was found between transient evoked otoacoustic emissions suppression and words-in-noise scores in both normal and impaired reading children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Akbari
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Audiology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasool Panahi
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Audiology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ayub Valadbeigi
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Audiology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Hamadi Nahrani
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Audiology, Tehran, Iran
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Smart JL, Kuruvilla-Mathew A, Kelly AS, Purdy SC. Assessment of the efferent auditory system in children with suspected auditory processing disorder: the Middle ear muscle reflex and contralateral inhibition of OAEs. Int J Audiol 2019; 58:37-44. [DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2018.1523578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Smart
- Speech Science, School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Audiology, Speech-Language Pathology and Deaf Studies, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | - Abin Kuruvilla-Mathew
- Speech Science, School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrea S. Kelly
- Speech Science, School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Audiology, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Suzanne C. Purdy
- Speech Science, School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Iliadou VV, Weihing J, Chermak GD, Bamiou DE. Otoacoustic emission suppression in children diagnosed with central auditory processing disorder and speech in noise perception deficits. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 111:39-46. [PMID: 29958612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that medial olivocochlear system functionality is associated with speech recognition in babble performance in children diagnosed with central auditory processing disorder. METHOD Children diagnosed with central auditory processing disorder who specifically demonstrated speech in noise deficits were compared to children diagnosed with central auditory processing disorder without these deficits. Suppression effects were examined across 15 time intervals to examine variability. Analysis of right and left ear suppression was performed separately to evaluate laterality. STUDY SAMPLE 52 children diagnosed with central auditory processing disorder, aged 6-14 years were divided into normal or abnormal groups based on SinB performance in each ear. Cut-off value was set at SNR = 1.33 dB. Transient otoacoustic emissions suppression was measured. RESULTS The abnormal Speech in Babble Right Ear group showed significant negative correlations with suppression levels for 7 of the 15 time intervals measured. No significant correlations with SinBR performance were observed for the remaining time intervals, as was the case for the typically evaluated R8-18 time interval and the Speech in Babble Left Ear. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that suppression is influenced by the time window analysed, and ear tested, and is associated with speech recognition in babble performance in children with central auditory processing disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey Weihing
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Gail D Chermak
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University Health Sciences, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Doris Eva Bamiou
- Neuro-Otology Department, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom; University College London Ear Institute, United Kingdom
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Boothalingam S, Kurke J, Dhar S. Click-Evoked Auditory Efferent Activity: Rate and Level Effects. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2018; 19:421-434. [PMID: 29736560 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-018-0664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There currently are no standardized protocols to evaluate auditory efferent function in humans. Typical tests use broadband noise to activate the efferents, but only test the contralateral efferent pathway, risk activating the middle ear muscle reflex (MEMR), and are laborious for clinical use. In an attempt to develop a clinical test of bilateral auditory efferent function, we have designed a method that uses clicks to evoke efferent activity, obtain click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs), and monitor MEMR. This allows for near-simultaneous estimation of cochlear and efferent function. In the present study, we manipulated click level (60, 70, and 80 dB peak-equivalent sound pressure level [peSPL]) and rate (40, 50, and 62.5 Hz) to identify an optimal rate-level combination that evokes measurable efferent modulation of CEOAEs. Our findings (n = 58) demonstrate that almost all click levels and rates used caused significant inhibition of CEOAEs, with a significant interaction between level and rate effects. Predictably, bilateral activation produced greater inhibition compared to stimulating the efferents only in the ipsilateral or contralateral ear. In examining the click rate-level effects during bilateral activation in greater detail, we observed a 1-dB inhibition of CEOAE level for each 10-dB increase in click level, with rate held constant at 62.5 Hz. Similarly, a 10-Hz increase in rate produced a 0.74-dB reduction in CEOAE level, with click level held constant at 80 dB peSPL. The effect size (Cohen's d) was small for either monaural condition and medium for bilateral, faster-rate, and higher-level conditions. We were also able to reliably extract CEOAEs from efferent eliciting clicks. We conclude that clicks can indeed be profitably employed to simultaneously evaluate cochlear health using CEOAEs as well as their efferent modulation. Furthermore, using bilateral clicks allows the evaluation of both the crossed and uncrossed elements of the auditory efferent nervous system, while yielding larger, more discernible, inhibition of the CEOAEs relative to either ipsilateral or contralateral condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Boothalingam
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, and The Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Julianne Kurke
- Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sumitrajit Dhar
- Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, and The Knowles Hearing Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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Kumar P, Grover V, Publius A S, Sanju HK, Sinha S. Assessment of rock musician's efferent system functioning using contralateral suppression of otoacoustic emissions. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 2:214-218. [PMID: 29204569 PMCID: PMC5698541 DOI: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Contralateral suppression of oto acoustic emission (OAE) is referred as activation of efferent system. Previous literature mentioned about the importance of contralateral suppression of OAEs as a tool to assess efferent system in different groups of population. There is dearth of literature to explore the efferent system function in experienced musicians exposed to rock music using TEOAEs and DPOAEs. Methods Two groups of participant (14 rock musicians and 14 non-musicians) in the age range of 18–25 years were involved in the study. Contralateral suppression of TEOAEs and DPOAEs were measured using ILO (Version 6) in both groups. Results Descriptive statistics showed higher suppression of TEOAEs and DPOAEs in rock-musicians at most of the frequencies in comparison to non-musicians. For DPOAE measures, Mann Whitney U test results revealed significantly greater DPOAE suppression only at 1 kHz and 3 kHz in rock-musicians compared to non-musicians. For within group comparison, Kruskal Wallis test results revealed there were significant difference observed across most of the frequencies i.e. at 1 kHz, 3 kHz and 6 kHz. For TEOAE measures, Mann Whitney U test results revealed that only at 2 kHz, TEOAE suppression in rock-musician was significantly greater compared to non-musicians. Similarly, Kuskal Wallis test results revealed that within group there were no significant differences observed for most of the frequencies except 2 kHz. Conclusions Based on the above finding, present study concludes that rock musicians are having better efferent system compared to non-musicians. No suppression effect at few frequencies probably indicates more vulnerability at those frequencies. Contralateral suppression of DPOAE shows more significant finding in comparison to contralateral suppression of TEOAEs in present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prawin Kumar
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysuru 6, Karnataka, India
| | - Vibhu Grover
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysuru 6, Karnataka, India
| | - Sam Publius A
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysuru 6, Karnataka, India
| | - Himanshu Kumar Sanju
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Amity Medical School, Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Sachchidanand Sinha
- Department of Speech and Hearing, Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Science, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Micarelli A, Viziano A, Genovesi G, Bruno E, Ottaviani F, Alessandrini M. Lack of contralateral suppression in transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions in multiple chemical sensitivity: a clinical correlation study. Noise Health 2016; 18:143-9. [PMID: 27157687 PMCID: PMC4918670 DOI: 10.4103/1463-1741.181997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a chronic disorder characterized by a variety of symptoms associated with the exposure to chemicals at a concentration below the toxic level. Previous studies have demonstrated peculiar responses in brain activity in these patients with respect to sensory stimuli while the association between chemical sensitivity and other environmental intolerances such as noise sensitivity has been questioned by researchers. In this study, a cohort of 18 MCS patients underwent transient-evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) testing with and without contralateral suppression to evaluate the functionality of the medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex involved in speech-in-noise sensitivity. Results were compared with an age- and gender-matched control group (n = 20) and correlation analysis with disease onset and quick environmental exposure sensitivity inventory (qEESI) symptom severity scale was performed. Subjects affected by MCS showed statistically significant impairment of MOC reflex, and the onset of the disease and several symptom subscales showed to be correlated to such reduction in some of the frequencies tested. These data suggest that alterations of MOC reflex could be part of the complex features of this disease although more studies are needed to further explore auditory perception disorders in environmental intolerances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Micarelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Traslational Medicine; Department of Systems Medicine, Neuroscience Unit, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Viziano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Traslational Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Genovesi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
| | - Ernesto Bruno
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Traslational Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ottaviani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Traslational Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Alessandrini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Traslational Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
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Within- and Across-Subject Variability of Repeated Measurements of Medial Olivocochlear-Induced Changes in Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions. Ear Hear 2016; 37:e72-84. [DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000000244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhao W, Dewey JB, Boothalingam S, Dhar S. Efferent Modulation of Stimulus Frequency Otoacoustic Emission Fine Structure. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 9:168. [PMID: 26696843 PMCID: PMC4674573 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Otoacoustic emissions, sounds generated in the inner ear, have become a convenient non-invasive tool to examine the efferent modulation of cochlear mechanics. Activation of the medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferents has been shown to alter the magnitude of these emissions. When the effects of efferent activation on the detailed spectral structures of these emissions have been examined, a shift of the spectral patterns toward higher frequencies has been reported for distortion product and spontaneous otoacoustic emissions. Stimulus frequency otoacoustic emissions (SFOAEs) have been proposed as the preferred emission type in the study of efferent modulation due to the simplicity of their production leading to the possibility of clearer interpretation of results. The effects of efferent activation on the complex spectral patterns of SFOAEs have not been examined to the best of our knowledge. We have examined the effects of activating the MOC efferents using broadband noise in normal-hearing humans. The detailed spectral structure of SFOAEs, known as fine structure, was recorded with and without contralateral acoustic stimulation. Results indicate that SFOAEs are reduced in magnitude and their fine structure pushed to higher frequencies by contralateral acoustic stimulation. These changes are similar to those observed in distortion product or spontaneous otoacoustic emissions and behavioral hearing thresholds. Taken together with observations made about magnitude and phase changes in otoacoustic emissions and hearing thresholds upon contralateral acoustic stimulation, all changes in otoacoustic emission and hearing threshold fine structure appear to be driven by a common set of mechanisms. Specifically, frequency shifts in fine structure patterns appear to be linked to changes in SFOAE phase due to contralateral acoustic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- L.E.K. Consulting, Boston MA, USA
| | - James B Dewey
- Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA
| | - Sriram Boothalingam
- Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA
| | - Sumitrajit Dhar
- Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA ; Knowles Hearing Center, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA
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Carvallo RMM, Sanches SGG, Ibidi SM, Soares JC, Durante AS. Efferent inhibition of otoacoustic emissions in preterm neonates. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 81:491-7. [PMID: 26277589 PMCID: PMC9449056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abnormalities in auditory function of newborns may occur not only because of preterm birth, but also from the use of medications and from diseases related to prematurity. OBJECTIVE To analyze the inhibitory effect from stimulation of the olivocochlear efferent system on transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in preterm neonates, comparing these data with those from full-term neonates. METHODS This was a prospective, cross-sectional, contemporary cohort study with 125 neonates, pooled into two groups: full-term (72 full-term neonates, 36 females and 36 males, born at 37-41 weeks of gestational age); and preterm (53 neonates, 28 males and 25 females, born at ≤36 weeks of gestational age, evaluated at the corrected gestational age of 37-41 weeks). Otoacoustic emissions were recorded using linear and nonlinear click-evoked stimuli, with and without contralateral stimulation. RESULTS The inhibitory effect of the efferent pathway in otoacoustic emissions was different (p=0.012) between groups, and a mean reduction of 1.48dB SPL in full-term births and of 1.02dB SPL in preterm births was observed for the non-linear click-evoked stimulus. CONCLUSION The results suggest a reduced inhibitory effect of the olivocochlear efferent system on otoacoustic emissions in preterm neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seisse Gabriela Gandolfi Sanches
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (FM-USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (FM-USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Maria Ibidi
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (FM-USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Unit of Neonatology, University Hospital, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (FM-USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jordana Costa Soares
- Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (FM-USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Spada Durante
- Speech Therapy Course, Medical Sciences School, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Experimental Pathophysiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (FM-USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Boothalingam S, Allan C, Allen P, Purcell D. Cochlear Delay and Medial Olivocochlear Functioning in Children with Suspected Auditory Processing Disorder. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136906. [PMID: 26317850 PMCID: PMC4552631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral manifestations of processing deficits associated with auditory processing disorder (APD) have been well documented. However, little is known about their anatomical underpinnings, especially cochlear processing. Cochlear delays, a proxy for cochlear tuning, measured using stimulus frequency otoacoustic emission (SFOAE) group delay, and the influence of the medial olivocochlear (MOC) system activation at the auditory periphery was studied in 23 children suspected with APD (sAPD) and 22 typically developing (TD) children. Results suggest that children suspected with APD have longer SFOAE group delays (possibly due to sharper cochlear tuning) and reduced MOC function compared to TD children. Other differences between the groups include correlation between MOC function and SFOAE delay in quiet in the TD group, and lack thereof in the sAPD group. MOC-mediated changes in SFOAE delay were in opposite directions between groups: increase in delay in TD vs. reduction in delay in the sAPD group. Longer SFOAE group delays in the sAPD group may lead to longer cochlear filter ringing, and potential increase in forward masking. These results indicate differences in cochlear and MOC function between sAPD and TD groups. Further studies are warranted to explore the possibility of cochlea as a potential site for processing deficits in APD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Boothalingam
- National Center for Audiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Chris Allan
- National Center for Audiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Prudence Allen
- National Center for Audiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - David Purcell
- National Center for Audiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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17
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if active listening modulates the strength of the medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex in children. DESIGN Click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs) were recorded from the right ear in quiet and in four test conditions: one with contralateral broadband noise (BBN) only, and three with active listening tasks wherein attention was directed to speech embedded in contralateral BBN. STUDY SAMPLE Fifteen typically-developing children (ranging in age from 8 to14 years) with normal hearing. RESULTS CEOAE levels were reduced in every condition with contralateral acoustic stimulus (CAS) when compared to preceding quiet conditions. There was an additional systematic decrease in CEOAE level with increased listening task difficulty, although this effect was very small. These CEOAE level differences were most apparent in the 8-18 ms region after click onset. CONCLUSIONS Active listening may change the strength of the MOC reflex in children, although the effects reported here are very subtle. Further studies are needed to verify that task difficulty modulates the activity of the MOC reflex in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer B Smith
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona , Tucson , USA
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18
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Mishra SK, Abdala C. Stability of the medial olivocochlear reflex as measured by distortion product otoacoustic emissions. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2015; 58:122-134. [PMID: 25320951 PMCID: PMC4712848 DOI: 10.1044/2014_jslhr-h-14-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the repeatability of a fine-resolution, distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE)-based assay of the medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex in normal-hearing adults. METHOD Data were collected during 36 test sessions from 4 normal-hearing adults to assess short-term stability and 5 normal-hearing adults to assess long-term stability. DPOAE level and phase measurements were recorded with and without contralateral acoustic stimulation. MOC reflex indices were computed by (a) noting contralateral acoustic stimulation-induced changes in DPOAE level (both absolute and normalized) at fine-structure peaks, (b) recording the effect as a vector difference, and (c) separating DPOAE components and considering a component-specific metric. RESULTS Analyses indicated good repeatability of all indices of the MOC reflex in most frequency ranges. Short- and long-term repeatability were generally comparable. Indices normalized to a subject's own baseline fared best, showing strong short- and long-term stability across all frequency intervals. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that fine-resolution DPOAE-based measures of the MOC reflex measured at strategic frequencies are stable, and natural variance from day-to-day or week-to-week durations is small enough to detect between-group differences and possibly to monitor intervention-related success. However, this is an empirical question that must be directly tested to confirm its utility.
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Boothalingam S, Purcell DW. Influence of the stimulus presentation rate on medial olivocochlear system assays. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2015; 137:724-32. [PMID: 25698007 DOI: 10.1121/1.4906250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Click evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs) are commonly used both in research and clinics to assay the medial olivocochlear system (MOC). Clicks presented at rates >50 Hz in the contralateral ear have previously been reported to evoke contralateral MOC activity. However, in typical MOC assays, clicks are presented in the ipsilateral ear in conjunction with MOC elicitor (noise) in the contralateral ear. The effect of click rates in such an arrangement is currently unknown. A forward masking paradigm was used to emulate typical MOC assays to elucidate the influence of ipsilateral click presentation rates on MOC inhibition of CEOAEs in 28 normal hearing adults. Influence of five click rates (20.83, 25, 31.25, 41.67, and 62.5 Hz) presented at 55 dB peSPL was tested. Results indicate that click rates as low as 31.25 Hz significantly enhance contralateral MOC inhibition, possibly through the activation of ipsilateral and binaural MOC neurons with potential contributions from the middle ear muscle reflex. Therefore, click rates ≤25 Hz are recommended for use in MOC assays, at least for 55 dB peSPL click level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Boothalingam
- National Centre for Audiology, Western University, London, Ontario N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - David W Purcell
- National Centre for Audiology, Western University, London, Ontario N6G 1H1, Canada
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20
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Mishra SK. Medial efferent mechanisms in children with auditory processing disorders. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:860. [PMID: 25386132 PMCID: PMC4209830 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory processing disorder (APD) affects about 2–5% of children. However, the nature of this disorder is poorly understood. Children with APD typically have difficulties in complex listening situations. One mechanism thought to aid in listening-in-noise is the medial olivocochlear (MOC) inhibition. The purpose of this review was to critically analyze the published data on MOC inhibition in children with APD to determine whether the MOC efferents are involved in these individuals. The otoacoustic emission (OAE) methods used to assay MOC reflex were examined in the context of the current understanding of OAE generation mechanisms. Relevant literature suggests critical differences in the study population and OAE methods. Variables currently known to influence MOC reflex measurements, for example, middle-ear muscle reflexes or OAE signal-to-noise ratio, were not controlled in most studies. The use of potentially weaker OAE methods and the remarkable heterogeneity across studies does not allow for a definite conclusion whether or not the MOC reflex is altered in children with APD. Further carefully designed studies are needed to confirm the involvement of MOC efferents in APD. Knowledge of efferent functioning in children with APD would be mechanistically and clinically beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanta K Mishra
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, New Mexico State University , Las Cruces, NM , USA
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Goodman SS, Mertes IB, Lewis JD, Weissbeck DK. Medial olivocochlear-induced transient-evoked otoacoustic emission amplitude shifts in individual subjects. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2013; 14:829-42. [PMID: 23982894 PMCID: PMC3825019 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-013-0409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR) can be assessed indirectly using transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs). The change in TEOAE amplitudes when the MOCR is activated (medial olivocochlear (MOC) shift) has most often been quantified as the mean value in groups of subjects. The usefulness of MOC shift measurements may be increased by the ability to quantify significant shifts in individuals. This study used statistical resampling to quantify significant MOC shifts in 16 subjects. TEOAEs were obtained using transient stimuli containing energy from 1 to 10 kHz. A nonlinear paradigm was used to extract TEOAEs. Transient stimuli were presented at 30 dB sensation level (SL) with suppressor stimuli presented 12 dB higher. Contralateral white noise, used to activate the MOCR, was presented at 30 dB SL and was interleaved on and off in 30-s intervals during a 7-min recording period. Confounding factors of middle ear muscle reflex and slow amplitude drifts were accounted for. TEOAEs were analyzed in 11 1/3-octave frequency bands. The statistical significance of each individual MOC shift was determined using a bootstrap procedure. The minimum detectable MOC shifts ranged from 0.10 to 3.25 dB and were highly dependent on signal-to-noise ratio at each frequency. Subjects exhibited a wide range of magnitudes of significant MOC shifts in the 1.0-3.2-kHz region (median = 1.94 dB, range = 0.34-6.51 dB). There was considerable overlap between the magnitudes of significant and nonsignificant shifts. While most subjects had significant MOC shifts in one or more frequency bands below 4 kHz, few had significant shifts in all of these bands. Above 4 kHz, few significant shifts were seen, but this may have been due to lower signal-to-noise ratios. The specific frequency bands containing significant shifts were variable across individuals. Further work is needed to determine the clinical usefulness of examining MOC shifts in individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn S. Goodman
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Ian B. Mertes
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - James D. Lewis
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Diana K. Weissbeck
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
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Spyridakou C, Luxon LM, Bamiou DE. Patient-reported speech in noise difficulties and hyperacusis symptoms and correlation with test results. Laryngoscope 2012; 122:1609-14. [PMID: 22565811 DOI: 10.1002/lary.23337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To compare self-reported symptoms of difficulty hearing speech in noise and hyperacusis in adults with auditory processing disorders (APDs) and normal controls; and to compare self-reported symptoms to objective test results (speech in babble test, transient evoked otoacoustic emission [TEOAE] suppression test using contralateral noise). STUDY DESIGN A prospective case-control pilot study. METHODS Twenty-two participants were recruited in the study: 10 patients with reported hearing difficulty, normal audiometry, and a clinical diagnosis of APD; and 12 normal age-matched controls with no reported hearing difficulty. All participants completed the validated Amsterdam Inventory for Auditory Disability questionnaire, a hyperacusis questionnaire, a speech in babble test, and a TEOAE suppression test using contralateral noise. RESULTS Patients had significantly worse scores than controls in all domains of the Amsterdam Inventory questionnaire (with the exception of sound detection) and the hyperacusis questionnaire (P < .005). Patients also had worse TEOAE suppression test results in both ears than controls; however, this result was not significant after Bonferroni correction. Strong correlations were observed between self-reported symptoms of difficulty hearing speech in noise and speech in babble test results in the right ear (ρ = 0.624, P = .002), and between self-reported symptoms of hyperacusis and TEOAE suppression test results in the right ear (ρ = -0.597 P = .003). CONCLUSIONS There was no significant correlation between the two tests. A strong correlation was observed between right ear speech in babble and patient-reported intelligibility of speech in noise, and right ear TEOAE suppression by contralateral noise and hyperacusis questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysa Spyridakou
- Department of Neuro-otology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom.
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Garinis AC, Glattke T, Cone BK. The MOC reflex during active listening to speech. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2011; 54:1464-76. [PMID: 21862678 DOI: 10.1044/1092-4388(2011/10-0223)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that active listening to speech would increase medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent activity for the right vs. the left ear. METHOD Click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs) were evoked by 60-dB p.e. SPL clicks in 13 normally hearing adults in 4 test conditions for each ear: (a) in quiet; (b) with 60-dB SPL contralateral broadband noise; (c) with words embedded (at -3-dB signal-to-noise ratio [SNR]) in 60-dB SPL contralateral noise during which listeners directed attention to the words; and (d) for the same SNR as in the 3rd condition, with words played backwards. RESULTS There was greater suppression during active listening compared with passive listening that was apparent in the latency range of 6- to 18-ms poststimulus onset. Ear differences in CEOAE amplitude were observed in all conditions, with right-ear amplitudes larger than those for the left. The absolute difference between CEOAE amplitude in quiet and with contralateral noise, a metric of suppression, was equivalent for right and left ears. When the amplitude differences were normalized, suppression was greater for noise presented to the right and the effect measured for a probe in the left ear. CONCLUSION The findings support the theory that cortical mechanisms involved in listening to speech affect cochlear function through the MOC efferent system.
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Markevych V, Asbjørnsen AE, Lind O, Plante E, Cone B. Dichotic listening and otoacoustic emissions: Shared variance between cochlear function and dichotic listening performance in adults with normal hearing. Brain Cogn 2011; 76:332-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhao W, Dhar S. The effect of contralateral acoustic stimulation on spontaneous otoacoustic emissions. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2009; 11:53-67. [PMID: 19798532 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-009-0189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Evoked otoacoustic emissions are often used to study the medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferents in humans. There has been concern that the emission-evoking stimulus may itself elicit efferent activity and alter the evoked otoacoustic emission. Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) are hence advantageous as no external stimulation is necessary to record the response in the test ear. Contralateral acoustic stimulation (CAS) has been shown to suppress SOAE level and elevate SOAE frequency, but the time course of these effects is largely unknown. By utilizing the Choi-Williams distribution, here we report a gradual adaptation during the presence of CAS and an overshoot following CAS offset in both SOAE magnitude and frequency from six normal-hearing female human subjects. Furthermore, we have quantified the time constants of both magnitude and frequency shifts at the onset, presence, and offset of four levels of CAS. Most studies using contralateral elicitors do not stringently control the middle-ear muscle (MEM) reflex, leaving the results difficult to interpret. In addition to clinically available measures of the MEM reflex, we have incorporated a sensitive laboratory technique to monitor the MEM reflex in our subjects, allowing us to interpret the results with greater confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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