1
|
Bosen AK, Doria GM. Identifying Links Between Latent Memory and Speech Recognition Factors. Ear Hear 2024; 45:351-369. [PMID: 37882100 PMCID: PMC10922378 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The link between memory ability and speech recognition accuracy is often examined by correlating summary measures of performance across various tasks, but interpretation of such correlations critically depends on assumptions about how these measures map onto underlying factors of interest. The present work presents an alternative approach, wherein latent factor models are fit to trial-level data from multiple tasks to directly test hypotheses about the underlying structure of memory and the extent to which latent memory factors are associated with individual differences in speech recognition accuracy. Latent factor models with different numbers of factors were fit to the data and compared to one another to select the structures which best explained vocoded sentence recognition in a two-talker masker across a range of target-to-masker ratios, performance on three memory tasks, and the link between sentence recognition and memory. DESIGN Young adults with normal hearing (N = 52 for the memory tasks, of which 21 participants also completed the sentence recognition task) completed three memory tasks and one sentence recognition task: reading span, auditory digit span, visual free recall of words, and recognition of 16-channel vocoded Perceptually Robust English Sentence Test Open-set sentences in the presence of a two-talker masker at target-to-masker ratios between +10 and 0 dB. Correlations between summary measures of memory task performance and sentence recognition accuracy were calculated for comparison to prior work, and latent factor models were fit to trial-level data and compared against one another to identify the number of latent factors which best explains the data. Models with one or two latent factors were fit to the sentence recognition data and models with one, two, or three latent factors were fit to the memory task data. Based on findings with these models, full models that linked one speech factor to one, two, or three memory factors were fit to the full data set. Models were compared via Expected Log pointwise Predictive Density and post hoc inspection of model parameters. RESULTS Summary measures were positively correlated across memory tasks and sentence recognition. Latent factor models revealed that sentence recognition accuracy was best explained by a single factor that varied across participants. Memory task performance was best explained by two latent factors, of which one was generally associated with performance on all three tasks and the other was specific to digit span recall accuracy at lists of six digits or more. When these models were combined, the general memory factor was closely related to the sentence recognition factor, whereas the factor specific to digit span had no apparent association with sentence recognition. CONCLUSIONS Comparison of latent factor models enables testing hypotheses about the underlying structure linking cognition and speech recognition. This approach showed that multiple memory tasks assess a common latent factor that is related to individual differences in sentence recognition, although performance on some tasks was associated with multiple factors. Thus, while these tasks provide some convergent assessment of common latent factors, caution is needed when interpreting what they tell us about speech recognition.
Collapse
|
2
|
Schauwecker N, Tamati TN, Moberly AC. Predicting Early Cochlear Implant Performance: Can Cognitive Testing Help? OTOLOGY & NEUROTOLOGY OPEN 2024; 4:e050. [PMID: 38533348 PMCID: PMC10962885 DOI: 10.1097/ono.0000000000000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Introduction There is significant variability in speech recognition outcomes in adults who receive cochlear implants (CIs). Little is known regarding cognitive influences on very early CI performance, during which significant neural plasticity occurs. Methods Prospective study of 15 postlingually deafened adult CI candidates tested preoperatively with a battery of cognitive assessments. The mini-mental state exam (MMSE), forward digit span, Stroop measure of inhibition-concentration, and test of word reading efficiency were utilized to assess cognition. consonant-nucleus-consonant words, AZBio sentences in quiet, and AZBio sentences in noise (+10 dB SNR) were utilized to assess speech recognition at 1- and 3-months of CI use. Results Performance in all speech measures at 1-month was moderately correlated with preoperative MMSE, but these correlations were not strongly correlated after correcting for multiple comparisons. There were large correlations of forward digit span with 1-month AzBio quiet (P ≤ 0.001, rho = 0.762) and AzBio noise (P ≤ 0.001, rho = 0.860), both of which were strong after correction. At 3 months, forward digit span was strongly predictive of AzBio noise (P ≤ 0.001, rho = 0.786), which was strongly correlated after correction. Changes in speech recognition scores were not correlated with preoperative cognitive test scores. Conclusions Working memory capacity significantly predicted early CI sentence recognition performance in our small cohort, while other cognitive functions assessed did not. These results differ from prior studies predicting longer-term outcomes. Findings and further studies may lead to better preoperative counseling and help identify patients who require closer evaluation to ensure optimal CI performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Schauwecker
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Terrin N. Tamati
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aaron C. Moberly
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang S, Wong LLN, Chen Y. Development of the mandarin reading span test and confirmation of its relationship with speech perception in noise. Int J Audiol 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38270384 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2024.2305685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop a dual-task Mandarin Reading Span Test (RST) to assess verbal working memory related to speech perception in noise. DESIGN The test material was developed taking into account psycholinguistic factors (i.e. sentence structure, number of syllables, word familiarity, and sentences plausibility), to achieve good test reliability and face validity. The relationship between the 28-sentence Mandarin RST and speech perception in noise was confirmed using three speech perception in noise measures containing varying levels of contextual and linguistic information. STUDY SAMPLE The study comprised 42 young adults with normal hearing and 56 older adult who were hearing aid users with moderate to severe hearing loss. RESULTS In older hearing aid users, the 28-sentence RST showed significant correlation with speech reception thresholds as measured by three Mandarin sentence in noise tests (rs or r = -.681 to -.419) but not with the 2-digit sequence Digit-in-Noise Test. CONCLUSION The newly developed dual-task Mandarin RST, constructed with careful psycholinguistic consideration, demonstrates a significant relationship with sentence perception in noise. This suggests that the Mandarin RST could serve as a measure of verbal working memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shangqiguo Wang
- Unit of Human Communication, Learning, and Development, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lena L N Wong
- Unit of Human Communication, Learning, and Development, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, Integrated Center for Wellbeing (I-WELL), The Education University of Hong Kong, Taipo, New Territories, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang S, Wong LLN. An Exploration of the Memory Performance in Older Adult Hearing Aid Users on the Integrated Digit-in-Noise Test. Trends Hear 2024; 28:23312165241253653. [PMID: 38715401 PMCID: PMC11080745 DOI: 10.1177/23312165241253653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to preliminarily investigate the associations between performance on the integrated Digit-in-Noise Test (iDIN) and performance on measures of general cognition and working memory (WM). The study recruited 81 older adult hearing aid users between 60 and 95 years of age with bilateral moderate to severe hearing loss. The Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic (MoCA-BC) was used to screen older adults for mild cognitive impairment. Speech reception thresholds (SRTs) were measured using 2- to 5-digit sequences of the Mandarin iDIN. The differences in SRT between five-digit and two-digit sequences (SRT5-2), and between five-digit and three-digit sequences (SRT5-3), were used as indicators of memory performance. The results were compared to those from the Digit Span Test and Corsi Blocks Tapping Test, which evaluate WM and attention capacity. SRT5-2 and SRT5-3 demonstrated significant correlations with the three cognitive function tests (rs ranging from -.705 to -.528). Furthermore, SRT5-2 and SRT5-3 were significantly higher in participants who failed the MoCA-BC screening compared to those who passed. The findings show associations between performance on the iDIN and performance on memory tests. However, further validation and exploration are needed to fully establish its effectiveness and efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shangqiguo Wang
- Unit of Human Communication, Development, and Information Sciences, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Lena L. N. Wong
- Unit of Human Communication, Development, and Information Sciences, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lalonde K, Walker EA, Leibold LJ, McCreery RW. Predictors of Susceptibility to Noise and Speech Masking Among School-Age Children With Hearing Loss or Typical Hearing. Ear Hear 2024; 45:81-93. [PMID: 37415268 PMCID: PMC10771540 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of masker type and hearing group on the relationship between school-age children's speech recognition and age, vocabulary, working memory, and selective attention. This study also explored effects of masker type and hearing group on the time course of maturation of masked speech recognition. DESIGN Participants included 31 children with normal hearing (CNH) and 41 children with mild to severe bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (CHL), between 6.7 and 13 years of age. Children with hearing aids used their personal hearing aids throughout testing. Audiometric thresholds and standardized measures of vocabulary, working memory, and selective attention were obtained from each child, along with masked sentence recognition thresholds in a steady state, speech-spectrum noise (SSN) and in a two-talker speech masker (TTS). Aided audibility through children's hearing aids was calculated based on the Speech Intelligibility Index (SII) for all children wearing hearing aids. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine the contribution of group, age, vocabulary, working memory, and attention to individual differences in speech recognition thresholds in each masker. Additional models were constructed to examine the role of aided audibility on masked speech recognition in CHL. Finally, to explore the time course of maturation of masked speech perception, linear mixed effects models were used to examine interactions between age, masker type, and hearing group as predictors of masked speech recognition. RESULTS Children's thresholds were higher in TTS than in SSN. There was no interaction of hearing group and masker type. CHL had higher thresholds than CNH in both maskers. In both hearing groups and masker types, children with better vocabularies had lower thresholds. An interaction of hearing group and attention was observed only in the TTS. Among CNH, attention predicted thresholds in TTS. Among CHL, vocabulary and aided audibility predicted thresholds in TTS. In both maskers, thresholds decreased as a function of age at a similar rate in CNH and CHL. CONCLUSIONS The factors contributing to individual differences in speech recognition differed as a function of masker type. In TTS, the factors contributing to individual difference in speech recognition further differed as a function of hearing group. Whereas attention predicted variance for CNH in TTS, vocabulary and aided audibility predicted variance in CHL. CHL required a more favorable signal to noise ratio (SNR) to recognize speech in TTS than in SSN (mean = +1 dB in TTS, -3 dB in SSN). We posit that failures in auditory stream segregation limit the extent to which CHL can recognize speech in a speech masker. Larger sample sizes or longitudinal data are needed to characterize the time course of maturation of masked speech perception in CHL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaylah Lalonde
- Center for Hearing Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE
| | - Elizabeth A. Walker
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Lori J. Leibold
- Center for Hearing Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE
| | - Ryan W. McCreery
- Center for Hearing Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Strori D, Souza PE. The role of working memory in speech recognition by hearing-impaired older listeners: does the task matter? Int J Audiol 2023; 62:1067-1075. [PMID: 36285707 PMCID: PMC10130232 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2022.2128445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Working memory refers to a cognitive system that holds a limited amount of information in a temporarily heightened state of availability, for use in ongoing cognitive tasks. Research suggests a link between working memory and speech recognition. In this study, we investigated this relationship using two working memory tests that differed in regard to the operationalisation of the link between working memory and attention: the auditory visual divided attention test (AVDAT) and the widely used reading span test. DESIGN The relationship between speech-in-noise recognition and working memory was examined for two different working memory tests that varied in methodological and theoretical aspects, using a within-subject design. STUDY SAMPLE Nineteen hearing-impaired older listeners participated. RESULTS We found a strong link between the reading span test and speech-in-noise recognition and a less robust link between the AVDAT and speech-in-noise recognition. There was evidence for the role of selective attention in speech-in-noise recognition, shown via the new AVDAT measure. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the strength of the relationship between speech-in-noise recognition and working memory may be influenced by the match between the demands and the stimuli of the speech-in-noise task and those of the working memory test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Strori
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Pamela E. Souza
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
- Knowles Hearing Center, Northwestern University, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Windle R, Dillon H, Heinrich A. A review of auditory processing and cognitive change during normal ageing, and the implications for setting hearing aids for older adults. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1122420. [PMID: 37409017 PMCID: PMC10318159 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1122420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout our adult lives there is a decline in peripheral hearing, auditory processing and elements of cognition that support listening ability. Audiometry provides no information about the status of auditory processing and cognition, and older adults often struggle with complex listening situations, such as speech in noise perception, even if their peripheral hearing appears normal. Hearing aids can address some aspects of peripheral hearing impairment and improve signal-to-noise ratios. However, they cannot directly enhance central processes and may introduce distortion to sound that might act to undermine listening ability. This review paper highlights the need to consider the distortion introduced by hearing aids, specifically when considering normally-ageing older adults. We focus on patients with age-related hearing loss because they represent the vast majority of the population attending audiology clinics. We believe that it is important to recognize that the combination of peripheral and central, auditory and cognitive decline make older adults some of the most complex patients seen in audiology services, so they should not be treated as "standard" despite the high prevalence of age-related hearing loss. We argue that a primary concern should be to avoid hearing aid settings that introduce distortion to speech envelope cues, which is not a new concept. The primary cause of distortion is the speed and range of change to hearing aid amplification (i.e., compression). We argue that slow-acting compression should be considered as a default for some users and that other advanced features should be reconsidered as they may also introduce distortion that some users may not be able to tolerate. We discuss how this can be incorporated into a pragmatic approach to hearing aid fitting that does not require increased loading on audiology services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Windle
- Audiology Department, Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Harvey Dillon
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Linguistics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Antje Heinrich
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Human Communication, Development and Hearing, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Homman L, Danielsson H, Rönnberg J. A structural equation mediation model captures the predictions amongst the parameters of the ease of language understanding model. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1015227. [PMID: 36936006 PMCID: PMC10020708 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1015227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present study was to assess the validity of the Ease of Language Understanding (ELU) model through a statistical assessment of the relationships among its main parameters: processing speed, phonology, working memory (WM), and dB Speech Noise Ratio (SNR) for a given Speech Recognition Threshold (SRT) in a sample of hearing aid users from the n200 database. Methods Hearing aid users were assessed on several hearing and cognitive tests. Latent Structural Equation Models (SEMs) were applied to investigate the relationship between the main parameters of the ELU model while controlling for age and PTA. Several competing models were assessed. Results Analyses indicated that a mediating SEM was the best fit for the data. The results showed that (i) phonology independently predicted speech recognition threshold in both easy and adverse listening conditions and (ii) WM was not predictive of dB SNR for a given SRT in the easier listening conditions (iii) processing speed was predictive of dB SNR for a given SRT mediated via WM in the more adverse conditions. Conclusion The results were in line with the predictions of the ELU model: (i) phonology contributed to dB SNR for a given SRT in all listening conditions, (ii) WM is only invoked when listening conditions are adverse, (iii) better WM capacity aids the understanding of what has been said in adverse listening conditions, and finally (iv) the results highlight the importance and optimization of processing speed in conditions when listening conditions are adverse and WM is activated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Homman
- Disability Research Division (FuSa), Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning (IBL), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Linnaeus Centre HEAD, The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Lina Homman,
| | - Henrik Danielsson
- Disability Research Division (FuSa), Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning (IBL), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Linnaeus Centre HEAD, The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jerker Rönnberg
- Disability Research Division (FuSa), Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning (IBL), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Linnaeus Centre HEAD, The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen Y. Is Cantonese lexical tone information important for sentence recognition accuracy in quiet and in noise? PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276254. [PMID: 36282852 PMCID: PMC9595525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In Chinese languages, tones are used to express the lexical meaning of words. It is therefore important to analyze the role of lexical tone in Chinese sentence recognition accuracy. There is a lack of research on the role of Cantonese lexical tones in sentence recognition accuracy. Therefore, this study examined the contribution of lexical tone information to Cantonese sentence recognition accuracy and its cognitive correlates in adults with normal hearing (NH). A text-to-speech synthesis engine was used to synthesize Cantonese daily-use sentences with each word carrying an original or a flat lexical tone, which were then presented to 97 participants in quiet, in speech-shaped noise (SSN), and in two-talker babble (TTB) noise conditions. Both target sentences and noises were presented at 65 dB binaurally via insert headphones. It was found that listeners with NH can almost perfectly recognize a daily-use Cantonese sentence with mismatched lexical tone information in quiet, while their sentence recognition decreases substantially in noise. The same finding was reported for Mandarin, which has a relatively simple tonal system, suggesting that the current results may be applicable to other tonal languages. In addition, working memory (WM) was significantly related to decline in sentence recognition score in the TTB but not in the SSN, when the lexical tones were mismatched. This finding can be explained using the Ease of Language Understanding model and suggests that those with higher WM are less likely to be affected by the degraded lexical information for perceiving daily-use sentences in the TTB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, Integrated Center for Wellbeing (I-WELL), The Education University of Hong Kong, Taipo, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rönnberg J, Signoret C, Andin J, Holmer E. The cognitive hearing science perspective on perceiving, understanding, and remembering language: The ELU model. Front Psychol 2022; 13:967260. [PMID: 36118435 PMCID: PMC9477118 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.967260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The review gives an introductory description of the successive development of data patterns based on comparisons between hearing-impaired and normal hearing participants' speech understanding skills, later prompting the formulation of the Ease of Language Understanding (ELU) model. The model builds on the interaction between an input buffer (RAMBPHO, Rapid Automatic Multimodal Binding of PHOnology) and three memory systems: working memory (WM), semantic long-term memory (SLTM), and episodic long-term memory (ELTM). RAMBPHO input may either match or mismatch multimodal SLTM representations. Given a match, lexical access is accomplished rapidly and implicitly within approximately 100-400 ms. Given a mismatch, the prediction is that WM is engaged explicitly to repair the meaning of the input - in interaction with SLTM and ELTM - taking seconds rather than milliseconds. The multimodal and multilevel nature of representations held in WM and LTM are at the center of the review, being integral parts of the prediction and postdiction components of language understanding. Finally, some hypotheses based on a selective use-disuse of memory systems mechanism are described in relation to mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Alternative speech perception and WM models are evaluated, and recent developments and generalisations, ELU model tests, and boundaries are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerker Rönnberg
- Linnaeus Centre HEAD, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sarangi L, Johnson J. An exploration of associations between hearing aid self-efficacy and other measurable characteristics of naïve and experienced hearing aid users. Int J Audiol 2022; 62:343-349. [PMID: 35200075 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2022.2042607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to clarify the associations between Hearing Aid Self-efficacy (HASE) and other traits such as working memory, personality and hearing aid (HA) experience. DESIGN AND STUDY SAMPLE Fifty-four adults (both naïve and experienced HA users) were included in this exploratory descriptive study. Their working memory, personality, HASE, HA experience and practical HA skills were evaluated. RESULTS HA experience had a significant positive association with self-efficacy for basic and advanced HA handling abilities. Working memory and personality traits were not related to HASE. For the experienced HA users, HASE was not related to HA skills. However, the openness personality trait had a significant positive association with HA skills. CONCLUSIONS The positive association between HASE and HA experience supported the theory that HASE might be improved through mastery experiences. Possessing certain cognitive abilities or specific personality traits is not a prerequisite for having high HASE. This study also supports previous findings that HASE is not related to HA skills, bringing into question whether improving HASE will also improve HA outcomes. However, for experienced participants, aspects of personality and cognition might play a role in mediating the association between HASE and HA skills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lipika Sarangi
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jani Johnson
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen Y, Wong LLN, Chan SS, Yu J. Speech Perception in Noise Is Associated With Different Cognitive Abilities in Chinese-Speaking Older Adults With and Without Hearing Aids. Front Psychol 2022; 12:640300. [PMID: 35058826 PMCID: PMC8764161 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.640300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese-speaking older adults usually do not perceive a hearing problem until audiometric thresholds exceed 45 dB HL, and the audiometric thresholds of the average hearing-aid (HA) user often exceed 60 dB HL. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between cognitive and hearing functions (measured as audiometric or speech reception thresholds) in older Chinese adults with HAs and with untreated hearing loss (HL). Participants were 49 Chinese older adults who used HAs and had moderate to severe HL (HA group), and 46 older Chinese who had mild to moderately severe HL but did not use HAs (untreated; or UT group). Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to evaluate how well age, education level, audiometric thresholds, and speech perception in noise were related to performance on general cognitive function, working memory, executive function, attention, and verbal learning tests. Results showed that speech perception in noise alone accounted for 13–25% of the variance in general cognitive function, working memory, and executive function in the UT group, and 9–21% of the variance in general cognitive function and verbal learning in the HA group (i.e., medium effect sizes). Audiometric thresholds did not explain any proportion of the variance in cognitive functioning in the HA or UT group. Thus, speech perception in noise accounts for more variance in cognitive performance than audiometric thresholds, and is significantly associated with different cognitive functions in older Chinese adults with HAs and with untreated HL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Department of Special Education and Counseling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lena L N Wong
- Clinical Hearing Sciences (CHearS) Laboratory, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shaina Shing Chan
- Clinical Hearing Sciences (CHearS) Laboratory, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joannie Yu
- Audiology Centre, Union Hospital, Tai Wai, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Micula A, Rönnberg J, Książek P, Murmu Nielsen R, Wendt D, Fiedler L, Ng EHN. A Glimpse of Memory Through the Eyes: Pupillary Responses Measured During Encoding Reflect the Likelihood of Subsequent Memory Recall in an Auditory Free Recall Test. Trends Hear 2022; 26:23312165221130581. [PMID: 36305085 PMCID: PMC9620000 DOI: 10.1177/23312165221130581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate whether task-evoked pupillary responses measured during encoding, individual working memory capacity and noise reduction in hearing aids were associated with the likelihood of subsequently recalling an item in an auditory free recall test combined with pupillometry. Participants with mild to moderately severe symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss (n = 21) were included. The Sentence-final Word Identification and Recall (SWIR) test was administered in a background noise composed of sixteen talkers with noise reduction in hearing aids activated and deactivated. The task-evoked peak pupil dilation (PPD) was measured. The Reading Span (RS) test was used as a measure of individual working memory capacity. Larger PPD at a single trial level was significantly associated with higher likelihood of subsequently recalling a word, presumably reflecting the intensity of attention devoted during encoding. There was no clear evidence of a significant relationship between working memory capacity and subsequent memory recall, which may be attributed to the SWIR test and RS test being administered in different modalities, as well as differences in task characteristics. Noise reduction did not have a significant effect on subsequent memory recall. This may be due to the background noise not having a detrimental effect on attentional processing at the favorable signal-to-noise ratio levels at which the test was conducted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Micula
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linnaeus Centre
HEAD, Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linköping
University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jerker Rönnberg
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linnaeus Centre
HEAD, Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linköping
University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Patrycja Książek
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology-Head and
Neck Surgery, Ear and Hearing, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Eriksholm Research Centre, Snekkersten, Denmark
| | | | - Dorothea Wendt
- Eriksholm Research Centre, Snekkersten, Denmark
- Hearing Systems, Hearing Systems Group, Department of Electrical
Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Elaine Hoi Ning Ng
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linnaeus Centre
HEAD, Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linköping
University, Linköping, Sweden
- Oticon
A/S, Smørum, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bosen AK, Sevich VA, Cannon SA. Forward Digit Span and Word Familiarity Do Not Correlate With Differences in Speech Recognition in Individuals With Cochlear Implants After Accounting for Auditory Resolution. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2021; 64:3330-3342. [PMID: 34251908 PMCID: PMC8740688 DOI: 10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose In individuals with cochlear implants, speech recognition is not associated with tests of working memory that primarily reflect storage, such as forward digit span. In contrast, our previous work found that vocoded speech recognition in individuals with normal hearing was correlated with performance on a forward digit span task. A possible explanation for this difference across groups is that variability in auditory resolution across individuals with cochlear implants could conceal the true relationship between speech and memory tasks. Here, our goal was to determine if performance on forward digit span and speech recognition tasks are correlated in individuals with cochlear implants after controlling for individual differences in auditory resolution. Method We measured sentence recognition ability in 20 individuals with cochlear implants with Perceptually Robust English Sentence Test Open-set sentences. Spectral and temporal modulation detection tasks were used to assess individual differences in auditory resolution, auditory forward digit span was used to assess working memory storage, and self-reported word familiarity was used to assess vocabulary. Results Individual differences in speech recognition were predicted by spectral and temporal resolution. A correlation was found between forward digit span and speech recognition, but this correlation was not significant after controlling for spectral and temporal resolution. No relationship was found between word familiarity and speech recognition. Forward digit span performance was not associated with individual differences in auditory resolution. Conclusions Our findings support the idea that sentence recognition in individuals with cochlear implants is primarily limited by individual differences in working memory processing, not storage. Studies examining the relationship between speech and memory should control for individual differences in auditory resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria A. Sevich
- Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE
- The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lunner T, Alickovic E, Graversen C, Ng EHN, Wendt D, Keidser G. Three New Outcome Measures That Tap Into Cognitive Processes Required for Real-Life Communication. Ear Hear 2021; 41 Suppl 1:39S-47S. [PMID: 33105258 PMCID: PMC7676869 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000000941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To increase the ecological validity of outcomes from laboratory evaluations of hearing and hearing devices, it is desirable to introduce more realistic outcome measures in the laboratory. This article presents and discusses three outcome measures that have been designed to go beyond traditional speech-in-noise measures to better reflect realistic everyday challenges. The outcome measures reviewed are: the Sentence-final Word Identification and Recall (SWIR) test that measures working memory performance while listening to speech in noise at ceiling performance; a neural tracking method that produces a quantitative measure of selective speech attention in noise; and pupillometry that measures changes in pupil dilation to assess listening effort while listening to speech in noise. According to evaluation data, the SWIR test provides a sensitive measure in situations where speech perception performance might be unaffected. Similarly, pupil dilation has also shown sensitivity in situations where traditional speech-in-noise measures are insensitive. Changes in working memory capacity and effort mobilization were found at positive signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), that is, at SNRs that might reflect everyday situations. Using stimulus reconstruction, it has been demonstrated that neural tracking is a robust method at determining to what degree a listener is attending to a specific talker in a typical cocktail party situation. Using both established and commercially available noise reduction schemes, data have further shown that all three measures are sensitive to variation in SNR. In summary, the new outcome measures seem suitable for testing hearing and hearing devices under more realistic and demanding everyday conditions than traditional speech-in-noise tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lunner
- Eriksholm Research Centre, Oticon A/S, Snekkersten, Denmark
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linnaeus Centre HEAD, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Division Automatic Control, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Health Technology, Hearing Systems, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Emina Alickovic
- Eriksholm Research Centre, Oticon A/S, Snekkersten, Denmark
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Division Automatic Control, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Elaine Hoi Ning Ng
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linnaeus Centre HEAD, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Oticon A/S, Kongebakken, Denmark
| | - Dorothea Wendt
- Eriksholm Research Centre, Oticon A/S, Snekkersten, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Hearing Systems, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gitte Keidser
- Eriksholm Research Centre, Oticon A/S, Snekkersten, Denmark
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linnaeus Centre HEAD, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen Y, Wong LLN, Kuehnel V, Qian J, Voss SC, Shangqiguo W. Can Dual Compression Offer Better Mandarin Speech Intelligibility and Sound Quality Than Fast-Acting Compression? Trends Hear 2021; 25:2331216521997610. [PMID: 33710928 PMCID: PMC7958173 DOI: 10.1177/2331216521997610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dual compression
for Mandarin-speaking hearing aid users. Dual compression combines
fast and slow compressors operating simultaneously across all
frequency channels. The study participants were 31 hearing aid users
with symmetrical moderate-to-severe hearing loss, with a mean age of
67 years. A new pair of 20-channel behind-the-ear hearing aids (i.e.,
Phonak Bolero B90-P) was used during the testing. The results revealed
a significant improvement in speech reception thresholds in noise when
switching from fast-acting compression to dual compression. The sound
quality ratings revealed that most listeners preferred dual
compression to fast-acting compression for listening effort, listening
comfort, speech clarity, and overall sound quality at +4 dB
signal-to-noise ratio. These results are consistent with predictions
based on the theoretical understanding of dual and fast-acting
compression. However, whether these results can be generalized to
other languages or other dual compression systems should be verified
by future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lena L N Wong
- Clinical Hearing Sciences (CHearS) Laboratory, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Jinyu Qian
- Innovation Center Toronto, Sonova Canada, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | | | - Wang Shangqiguo
- Clinical Hearing Sciences (CHearS) Laboratory, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pinkl J, Cash EK, Evans TC, Neijman T, Hamilton JW, Ferguson SD, Martinez JL, Rumley J, Hunter LL, Moore DR, Stewart HJ. Short-Term Pediatric Acclimatization to Adaptive Hearing Aid Technology. Am J Audiol 2021; 30:76-92. [PMID: 33351648 DOI: 10.1044/2020_aja-20-00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This exploratory study assessed the perceptual, cognitive, and academic learning effects of an adaptive, integrated, directionality, and noise reduction hearing aid program in pediatric users. Method Fifteen pediatric hearing aid users (6-12 years old) received new bilateral, individually fitted Oticon Opn hearing aids programmed with OpenSound Navigator (OSN) processing. Word recognition in noise, sentence repetition in quiet, nonword repetition, vocabulary learning, selective attention, executive function, memory, and reading and mathematical abilities were measured within 1 week of the initial hearing aid fitting and 2 months post fit. Caregivers completed questionnaires assessing their child's listening and communication abilities prior to study enrollment and after 2 months of using the study hearing aids. Results Caregiver reporting indicated significant improvements in speech and sound perception, spatial sound awareness, and the ability to participate in conversations. However, there was no positive change in performance in any of the measured skills. Mathematical scores significantly declined after 2 months. Conclusions OSN provided a perceived improvement in functional benefit, compared to their previous hearing aids, as reported by caregivers. However, there was no positive change in listening skills, cognition, and academic success after 2 months of using OSN. Findings may have been impacted by reporter bias, limited sample size, and a relatively short trial period. This study took place during the summer when participants were out of school, which may have influenced the decline in mathematical scores. The results support further exploration with age- and audiogram-matched controls, larger sample sizes, and longer test-retest intervals that correspond to the academic school year.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Pinkl
- Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Erin K. Cash
- Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Tommy C. Evans
- Division of Audiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Timothy Neijman
- Division of Audiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Jean W. Hamilton
- Division of Audiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Sarah D. Ferguson
- Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jasmin L. Martinez
- Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Johanne Rumley
- Oticon A/S, Kongebakken, Denmark
- Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisa L. Hunter
- Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - David R. Moore
- Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah J. Stewart
- Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rönnberg J, Holmer E, Rudner M. Cognitive Hearing Science: Three Memory Systems, Two Approaches, and the Ease of Language Understanding Model. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2021; 64:359-370. [PMID: 33439747 DOI: 10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to conceptualize the subtle balancing act between language input and prediction (cognitive priming of future input) to achieve understanding of communicated content. When understanding fails, reconstructive postdiction is initiated. Three memory systems play important roles: working memory (WM), episodic long-term memory (ELTM), and semantic long-term memory (SLTM). The axiom of the Ease of Language Understanding (ELU) model is that explicit WM resources are invoked by a mismatch between language input-in the form of rapid automatic multimodal binding of phonology-and multimodal phonological and lexical representations in SLTM. However, if there is a match between rapid automatic multimodal binding of phonology output and SLTM/ELTM representations, language processing continues rapidly and implicitly. Method and Results In our first ELU approach, we focused on experimental manipulations of signal processing in hearing aids and background noise to cause a mismatch with LTM representations; both resulted in increased dependence on WM. Our second-and main approach relevant for this review article-focuses on the relative effects of age-related hearing loss on the three memory systems. According to the ELU, WM is predicted to be frequently occupied with reconstruction of what was actually heard, resulting in a relative disuse of phonological/lexical representations in the ELTM and SLTM systems. The prediction and results do not depend on test modality per se but rather on the particular memory system. This will be further discussed. Conclusions Related to the literature on ELTM decline as precursors of dementia and the fact that the risk for Alzheimer's disease increases substantially over time due to hearing loss, there is a possibility that lowered ELTM due to hearing loss and disuse may be part of the causal chain linking hearing loss and dementia. Future ELU research will focus on this possibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerker Rönnberg
- Linnaeus Centre HEAD, Swedish Institute for Disability Research Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Emil Holmer
- Linnaeus Centre HEAD, Swedish Institute for Disability Research Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Mary Rudner
- Linnaeus Centre HEAD, Swedish Institute for Disability Research Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous research has shown that the association between hearing aid-processed speech recognition and individual working memory ability becomes stronger in more challenging conditions (e.g., higher background noise levels) and with stronger hearing aid processing (e.g., fast-acting wide dynamic range compression, WDRC). To date, studies have assumed omnidirectional microphone settings and collocated speech and noise conditions to study such relationships. Such conditions fail to recognize that most hearing aids are fit with directional processing that may improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and speech recognition in spatially separated speech and noise conditions. Here, we considered the possibility that directional processing may reduce the signal distortion arising from fast-acting WDRC and in turn influence the relationship between working memory ability and speech recognition with WDRC processing. The combined effects of hearing aid processing (WDRC and directionality) and SNR were quantified using a signal modification metric (cepstral correlation), which measures temporal envelope changes in the processed signal with respect to a linearly amplified reference. It was hypothesized that there will be a weaker association between working memory ability and speech recognition for hearing aid processing conditions that result in overall less signal modification (i.e., fewer changes to the processed envelope). DESIGN Twenty-three individuals with bilateral, mild to moderately severe sensorineural hearing loss participated in the study. Participants were fit with a commercially available hearing aid, and signal processing was varied in two dimensions: (1) Directionality (omnidirectional [OMNI] versus fixed-directional [DIR]), and (2) WDRC speed (fast-acting [FAST] versus slow-acting [SLOW]). Sentence recognition in spatially separated multi-talker babble was measured across a range of SNRs: 0 dB, 5 dB, 10 dB, and quiet. Cumulative signal modification was measured with individualized hearing aid settings, for all experimental conditions. A linear mixed-effects model was used to determine the relationship between speech recognition, working memory ability, and cumulative signal modification. RESULTS Signal modification results showed a complex relationship between directionality and WDRC speed, which varied by SNR. At 0 and 5 dB SNRs, signal modification was lower for SLOW than FAST regardless of directionality. However, at 10 dB SNR and in the DIR listening condition, there was no signal modification difference between FAST and SLOW. Consistent with previous studies, the association of speech recognition in noise with working memory ability depended on the level of signal modification. Contrary to the hypothesis above, however, there was a significant association of speech recognition with working memory only at lower levels of signal modification, and speech recognition increased at a faster rate for individuals with better working memory as signal modification decreased with DIR and SLOW. CONCLUSIONS This research suggests that working memory ability remains a significant predictor of speech recognition when WDRC and directionality are applied. Our findings revealed that directional processing can reduce the detrimental effect of fast-acting WDRC on speech cues at higher SNRs, which affects speech recognition ability. Contrary to some previous research, this study showed that individuals with better working memory ability benefitted more from a decrease in signal modification than individuals with poorer working memory ability.
Collapse
|
20
|
Micula A, Ning Ng EH, El-Azm F, Rönnberg J. The effects of task difficulty, background noise and noise reduction on recall. Int J Audiol 2020; 59:792-800. [PMID: 32564633 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2020.1771441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present study, we investigated whether varying the task difficulty of the Sentence-Final Word Identification and Recall (SWIR) Test has an effect on the benefit of noise reduction, as well as whether task difficulty predictability affects recall. The relationship between working memory and recall was examined. DESIGN Task difficulty was manipulated by varying the list length with noise reduction on and off in competing speech and speech-shaped noise. Half of the participants were informed about list length in advance. Working memory capacity was measured using the Reading Span. STUDY SAMPLE Thirty-two experienced hearing aid users with moderate sensorineural hearing loss. RESULTS Task difficulty did not affect the noise reduction benefit and task difficulty predictability did not affect recall. Participants may have employed a different recall strategy when task difficulty was unpredictable and noise reduction off. Reading Span scores positively correlated with the SWIR test. Noise reduction improved recall in competing speech. CONCLUSIONS The SWIR test with varying list length is suitable for detecting the benefit of noise reduction. The correlation with working memory suggests that the SWIR test could be modified to be adaptive to individual cognitive capacity. The results on noise and noise reduction replicate previous findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Micula
- Oticon A/S, Smørum, Denmark.,Linnaeus Centre HEAD, Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elaine Hoi Ning Ng
- Oticon A/S, Smørum, Denmark.,Linnaeus Centre HEAD, Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Jerker Rönnberg
- Linnaeus Centre HEAD, Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rönnberg J, Holmer E, Rudner M. Cognitive hearing science and ease of language understanding. Int J Audiol 2019; 58:247-261. [DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2018.1551631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerker Rönnberg
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linnaeus Centre HEAD, The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Emil Holmer
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linnaeus Centre HEAD, The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mary Rudner
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linnaeus Centre HEAD, The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|