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Munir R, Muneer A, Sadia B, Younas F, Zahid M, Yaseen M, Noreen S. Biochar imparted constructed wetlands (CWs) for enhanced biodegradation of organic and inorganic pollutants along with its limitation. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:425. [PMID: 38573498 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The remediation of polluted soil and water stands as a paramount task in safeguarding environmental sustainability and ensuring a dependable water source. Biochar, celebrated for its capacity to enhance soil quality, stimulate plant growth, and adsorb a wide spectrum of contaminants, including organic and inorganic pollutants, within constructed wetlands, emerges as a promising solution. This review article is dedicated to examining the effects of biochar amendments on the efficiency of wastewater purification within constructed wetlands. This comprehensive review entails an extensive investigation of biochar's feedstock selection, production processes, characterization methods, and its application within constructed wetlands. It also encompasses an exploration of the design criteria necessary for the integration of biochar into constructed wetland systems. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis of recent research findings pertains to the role of biochar-based wetlands in the removal of both organic and inorganic pollutants. The principal objectives of this review are to provide novel and thorough perspectives on the conceptualization and implementation of biochar-based constructed wetlands for the treatment of organic and inorganic pollutants. Additionally, it seeks to identify potential directions for future research and application while addressing prevailing gaps in knowledge and limitations. Furthermore, the study delves into the potential limitations and risks associated with employing biochar in environmental remediation. Nevertheless, it is crucial to highlight that there is a significant paucity of data regarding the influence of biochar on the efficiency of wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands, with particular regard to its impact on the removal of both organic and inorganic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Munir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Amna Muneer
- Department of Physics, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Sadia
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fazila Younas
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Muhammad Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Noreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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Munir R, Muneer A, Younas F, Sayed M, Sardar MF, Albasher G, Noreen S. Actas Pink-2B dye removal in biochar nanocomposites augmented vertical flow constructed wetland (VF-CWs). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024; 26:1392-1409. [PMID: 38441053 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2324360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Industries generate hazardous dye wastewater, posing significant threats to public health and the environment. Removing dyes before discharge is crucial. The ongoing study primarily focused on synthesizing, applying, and understanding the mechanism of green nano-biochar composites. These composites, including zinc oxide/biochar, copper oxide/biochar, magnesium oxide/biochar, and manganese oxide/biochar, are designed to effectively remove Actas Pink-2B (Direct Red-31) in conjunction with constructed wetlands. Constructed wetland maintained pH 6.0-7.9. At the 10th week, the copper oxide/biochar treatment demonstrated the highest removal efficiency of total suspended solids (72%), dissolved oxygen (7.2 mg/L), and total dissolved solids (79.90%), followed by other biochar composites. The maximum removal efficiency for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color was observed at a retention time of 60 days. The electrical conductivity also followed the same order, with a decrease observed up to the 8th week before becoming constant. A comprehensive statistical analysis was conducted, encompassing various techniques including variance analysis, regression analysis, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis. The rate of color and COD removal followed a second-order and first-order kinetics, respectively. A significant negative relationship was observed between dissolved oxygen and COD. The study indicates that employing biochar composites in constructed wetlands improves textile dye removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Munir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amna Muneer
- Department of Physics, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fazila Younas
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Murtaza Sayed
- National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fahad Sardar
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection and Restoration, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Gadah Albasher
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saima Noreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Sharma M, Sharma NR, Kanwar RS. Assessment of agriwaste derived substrates to grow ornamental plants for constructed wetland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:84645-84662. [PMID: 37369896 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Burning of surplus residues in agricultural fields is a common practice in many countries of the world. This practice adds emissions into the atmosphere and results in the loss of essential plant nutrients, hence, there is a need for developing technologies for the sustainable management of agri-residues. Constructed wetlands offer excellent nature-based, low-cost green technologies for the treatment of wastewater using surplus agricultural residues as wetland substrates to grow ornamental plants as a source of income. This study was conducted to investigate the use of agricultural residues and biochar as substrates to grow ornamental plants in constructed wetlands. Four ornamental plants (Canna Indica, Gerbera jamesonii, Liliumwallichianum, and Tagetes erecta) were grown in six different substrate combinations for 120 days. Data on plant growth parameters were collected for each plant and compared to select the best substrate combination. Canna Indica and Lilium wallichianum resulted in significantly higher growth and nutrient uptake (P<0.001) with the substrate of 15% rice straw, 80% soil, 5% biochar (T4), and 25% sugarcane bagasse, 70% soil, 5% biochar (T5) compared to other plants. The result concluded that agricultural waste-derived substrates are viable alternatives having fertilizing effects with the potential for nutrient recovery. The present study provides an alternative approach to utilize agricultural waste sustainably to grow ornamental plants in the constructed wetland which reduces the overall cost of the wetland unit making it more cost-efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Sharma
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Neeta Raj Sharma
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India.
| | - Rameshwar S Kanwar
- Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
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Munir R, Ali K, Naqvi SAZ, Muneer A, Bashir MZ, Maqsood MA, Noreen S. Green metal oxides coated biochar nanocomposites preparation and its utilization in vertical flow constructed wetlands for reactive dye removal: Performance and kinetics studies. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2023; 256:104167. [PMID: 36906994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Major causes of water pollution in the ecosystem are pollutants such as dyes which are noxious. The present study was based on the synthesis of the green nano-biochar composites from cornstalk and green metal oxide resulting in Copper oxide/biochar, Zinc oxide /biochar, Magnesium oxide/biochar, Manganese oxide/biochar, biochar for removal of dyes combined with the constructed wetland (CW). Biochar Augmentation in constructed wetland systems has improved dye removal efficiency to 95% in order of copper oxide/biochar > Magnesium oxide/biochar > Zinc oxide/biochar > Manganese oxide/biochar > biochar > control (without biochar) respectively in wetlands. It has increased the efficiency of pH by maintaining pH 6.9-7.4, while Total Suspended Solids (TSS) removal efficiency and Dissolved oxygen (DO) increased with the hydraulic retention time of about 7 days for 10 weeks. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour removal efficiency increased with the hydraulic retention time of 12 days for 2 months and there was a low removal efficiency for total dissolved solids (TDS) from control (10.11%) to Copper oxide /biochar (64.44%) and Electrical conductivity (EC) from control (8%) to Copper oxide /biochar (68%) with the hydraulic retention time of about 7 days for 10 weeks. Colour and chemical oxygen demand removal kinetics followed second and first-order kinetic. A significant growth in the plants were also observed. These results proposed the use of agricultural waste-based biochar as part of a constructed wetland substratum can provide enhanced removal of textile dyes. That can be reused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Munir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Khuram Ali
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Amna Muneer
- Department of Physics, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Aamer Maqsood
- Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Noreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
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Saba B, Bharathidasan AK, Ezeji TC, Cornish K. Characterization and potential valorization of industrial food processing wastes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161550. [PMID: 36652966 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Valorization and utilization of industrial food processing waste as value added products, platform chemicals and biofuels, are needed to improve sustainability and reduce waste management costs. Various industrial food waste stream samples were characterized with respect to their physico-chemical characteristics and elemental composition. A subset of starchy food wastes and milk dust powder were evaluated in batch fermentation to acetone, a useful platform chemical. Production levels were similar to acetone produced from glucose but were achieved more quickly. Lactose concentration negatively affected fermentation and led to 50 % lower acetone concentration from milk dust powder than from starchy wastes. Uncooked starch waste can produce 20 % more acetone than cooked and modified starch waste. Fatty waste and mineral waste can be digested anaerobically generating biogas. Calorific value of soybean waste was 40 MJ/kg sufficiently high for biodiesel production. Low C/N ratios of wastewater and solids from food processing waste makes them unsuitable for anaerobic digestion but these waste types can be converted thermochemically to hydrochar and used as soil amendments. Low calorific content (10-15 MJ/kg) vegetable wastes also are not ideal for energy production, but are rich in flavonoids, antioxidants and pigments which can be extracted as valuable products. A model mapping food waste characteristics to best valorization pathway was developed to guide waste management and future cost and environmental impact analyses. These findings will help advance food industry knowledge and improve sustainable food production through valorized processing waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beenish Saba
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, 590 Woody Hayes Drive, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ashok K Bharathidasan
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, 590 Woody Hayes Drive, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Thaddeus C Ezeji
- Department of Animal Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, CFAES Wooster Campus, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Katrina Cornish
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, 590 Woody Hayes Drive, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
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Dhruv Patel D, Bhatt S. Environmental pollution, toxicity profile, and physico-chemical and biotechnological approaches for treatment of textile wastewater. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022; 38:33-86. [PMID: 35297320 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2048434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Textile industries discharges a huge quantity of unused synthetic dyes in wastewater leading to increased environmental pollution and pose a great risk to human health. Thus, a significant improvement in effluent quality is required before it is discharged into the environment. Although, several physicochemical methods have been practiced for the efficient color and dyes removal from textile effluents, these approaches have some drawbacks of greater use of expensive chemicals, low sensitivity, formation of excess sludge which also have secondary disposal problem. Thus, there is still a need for energy efficient, affordable, effective, and environmentally friendly treatment technologies. Bioremediation has been considered as a promising an upcoming active field of research for the treatment of unwanted color and target compounds from the contaminated environment. In order to efficient treatment of textile effluent, the main objective of the present study was to isolate and characterize the indigenous microbial isolates from textile industry effluents and sludge samples and investigate their dye removal and decolorization ability along with the influence of various process parameters on effluents decolorization that draining into the open environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhara Dhruv Patel
- Department of Life Science, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, India
| | - Shreyas Bhatt
- Department of Life Science, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, India
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Karić N, Maia AS, Teodorović A, Atanasova N, Langergraber G, Crini G, Ribeiro AR, Đolić M. Bio-waste valorisation: Agricultural wastes as biosorbents for removal of (in)organic pollutants in wastewater treatment. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Preliminary Studies of Methylene Blue Remotion from Aqueous Solutions by Ocimum basilicum. ENVIRONMENTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/environments9020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The continuous expansion in the textile industry results in high loads of coloured wastewaters that heavily pollute the limited freshwater sources. Therefore, a wide array of treatment methods has been used to remediate water/wastewater from dyes. One common practice is the use of plants to degrade, absorb, metabolise, and detoxify different types of pollutants, including dyes. This study employs sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) as a phytoremediation model herb to remove different concentrations (5–25 mg/L) of methylene blue (MB) dye from synthetic water, taking into account the effects of the MB dye concentration (5–25 mg/L) and contact time (up to 10 days). The results showed that the ability of Ocimum basilicum to absorb MB dye decreased with the increase of the MB dye concentration and increased with the increase of the contact time. The best removal of the MB dye was 93% when the concentration of the MB dye was 25 mg/L and the contact time was 10 days. Additionally, it was noticed that the relative growth rate (RGR) of the herbs was adversely influenced by increasing MB dye concentrations and that the best RGR value was 2.2 g/day when the MB dye concentration was 5 mg/L.
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Wang Y, Cai Z, Sheng S, Pan F, Chen F, Fu J. Comprehensive evaluation of substrate materials for contaminants removal in constructed wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 701:134736. [PMID: 31715485 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Considerable number of studies have been carried out to develop and apply various substrate materials for constructed wetlands (CWs), however, there is a lack of method and model for comprehensive evaluation of different types of CWs substrates. To this end, this article summarized nearly all the substrate materials of CWs available in the literatures, including natural materials, agricultural/industrial wastes and artificial materials. The sources and physicochemical properties of various substrate materials, as well as their removal capacities for main water contaminants including nutrients, heavy metals, surfactants, pesticides/herbicides, emerging contaminants and fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) were comprehensively described. Further, a scoring model for the substrate evaluation was constructed based on likely cost, availability, permeability, reuse and contaminant removal capacities, which can be used to select the most suitable substrate material for different considerations. The provided information and constructed model contribute to better understanding of CWs substrate for readers, and help solve practical problems on substrates selection and CWs construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhengqing Cai
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Sheng Sheng
- Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou 311122, China
| | - Fei Pan
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Fenfei Chen
- Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou 311122, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Treesubsuntorn C, Chaiworn W, Surareungchai W, Thiravetyan P. Increasing of electricity production from Echinodosus cordifolius-microbial fuel cell by inoculating Bacillus thuringiensis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 686:538-545. [PMID: 31185401 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The wetland-microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a novel electricity generating technology. However, these systems can generate only limited electric energy. Since nitrification is a key mechanism driving electrical power in wetland-MFC systems, an effective nitrifying bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis, was used to inoculate a wetland-MFC to enhance the maximum power density of the system. B. thuringiensis effectively enhanced the maximum power density, producing about 20-35 mW m-2 of maximum power density. Interestingly, over the first 120 days of operation, the wetland-MFC system with only B. thuringiensis generated more power than a system containing an Echinodosus cordifolius plant in addition to B. thuringiensis, because E. cordifolius can took up nitrate (NO3-) and phosphate (PO43-) in system's solution. Nitrate and PO43- act as important anions driving electric current in the system. After 120 days of operation though, the combined E. cordifolius and B. thuringiensis system maintained 20-35 mW m-2 maximum power density and the maximum power density of the system only inoculated with B. thuringiensis decreased continuously. Gene (16S rRNA) copy numbers for B. thuringiensis showed that when E. cordifolius was presented, the bacterium was able to continue growing after 120 days of operation. B. thuringiensis did not grow as well after 120 days in the system that did not contain a plant. This study presents a strategy for enhancing electric power output from a wetland-MFC by inoculating the system with B. thuringiensis and maintaining the bacterium's population with the support of an E. cordifolius plant. The result clearly show that B. thuringiensis can enhance electric power generation in the presence of the plant and the system can self-sustain for longer than 180 days of operation while producing 20-35 mW m-2 maximum power density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chairat Treesubsuntorn
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand.
| | - Wachira Chaiworn
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Werasak Surareungchai
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Paitip Thiravetyan
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
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Saba B, Khan M, Christy AD, Kjellerup BV. Microbial phyto-power systems – A sustainable integration of phytoremediation and microbial fuel cells. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 127:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Saba B, Christy AD, Park T, Yu Z, Li K, Tuovinen OH. Decolorization of Reactive Black 5 and Reactive Blue 4 Dyes in Microbial Fuel Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 186:1017-1033. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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