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Zhai Y, Chen Z, Malik K, Wei X, Li C, Chen T. Regulation of mineral elements in Hordeum brevisubulatum by Epichloë bromicola under Cd stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024; 26:1253-1268. [PMID: 38305734 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2307901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
In this study, wild barley (Hordeum brevisubulatum) infected (E+) and uninfected (E-) by Epichloë bromicola were used for hydroponic experiments during the seedling stage. Various attributes, such as the effect of fungal endophyte on the growth and development of wild barley, the absorption of cadmium (Cd) and mineral elements (Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn), subcellular distribution, and chemical forms were investigated under CdCl2 stress. The results showed that the fungal endophy significantly reduced the Ca content and percentage of plant roots under Cd stress. The Fe and Mn content of roots, the mineral element content of soluble fractions, and the stems in the pectin acid or protein-chelated state increased significantly in response to fungal endophy. Epichloë endophyte helped Cd2+ to enter into plants; and reduced the positive correlation of Ca-Fe and Ca-Mn in roots. In addition, it also decreased the correlation of soluble components Cd-Cu, Cd-Ca, Cd-Mg in roots, and the negative correlation between pectin acid or protein-chelated Cd in stems and mineral elements, to increase the absorbance of host for mineral elements. In conclusion, fungal endophy regulated the concentration and distribution of mineral elements, while storing more Cd2+ to resist the damage caused by Cd stress. The study could provide a ground for revealing the Cd tolerance mechanism of endophytic fungal symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurun Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry (Ministry of Education), Gansu Tech Innovation Centre of Western China Grassland Industry, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhenjiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry (Ministry of Education), Gansu Tech Innovation Centre of Western China Grassland Industry, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kamran Malik
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry (Ministry of Education), Gansu Tech Innovation Centre of Western China Grassland Industry, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuekai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry (Ministry of Education), Gansu Tech Innovation Centre of Western China Grassland Industry, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry (Ministry of Education), Gansu Tech Innovation Centre of Western China Grassland Industry, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Taixiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry (Ministry of Education), Gansu Tech Innovation Centre of Western China Grassland Industry, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Zamani N, Sabzalian MR, Afyuni M. Elevated atmospheric CO 2 combined with Epichloë endophyte may improve growth and Cd phytoremediation potential of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:8164-8185. [PMID: 38172319 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Complex environmental conditions like heavy metal contamination and elevated CO2 concentration may cause numerous plant stresses and lead to considerable crop losses worldwide. Cadmium is a non-essential element and potentially highly toxic soil metal pollution, causing oxidative stress in plants and human toxicity. In order to assess a combination of complex factors on the responses of two genotypes of Festuca arundinacea (75B and 75C), a greenhouse experiment was conducted on plants grown in two Cd-contaminated soil conditions and two soil textures under combined effects of elevated ambient CO2 (700 ppm) and Epichloë endophyte infection. Plant biomass, Cd, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn concentrations in the plant shoots and roots, Fv/Fm, chlorophyll (a & b), and carotenoid contents were measured after 7 months of growth in pots. Our results showed that endophyte-infected plants (E+) grown in elevated CO2 atmosphere (CO2+), clay-loam soil texture (H) with no Cd amendment (Cd-) in the genotype 75B had significantly greater shoot and root biomass than non-infected plants (E-) grown in ambient CO2 concentration (CO2-), sandy-loam soil texture (L) with amended Cd (Cd+) in the genotype 75C. Increased CO2 concentration and endophyte infection, especially in the genotype 75B, enabled Festuca for greater phytoremediation of Cd because of higher tolerance to Cd stress and higher biomass accumulation in the plant genotype. However, CO2 enrichment negatively influenced the plant mineral absorption due to the inhibitory effects of high Cd concentration in shoots and roots. It is concluded that Cd phytoremediation can be positively affected by the increased atmospheric CO2 concentration, tolerant plant genotype, heavy soil texture, and Epichloë endophyte. Using Taguchi and AIC design methodologies, it was also predicted that the most critical factors affecting Cd phytoremediation potential were CO2 concentration and plant genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Zamani
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156 83111, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Sabzalian
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156 83111, Iran.
| | - Majid Afyuni
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156 83111, Iran
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Effect of Fungal Endophyte Epichloë bromicola Infection on Cd Tolerance in Wild Barley ( Hordeum brevisubulatum). J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040366. [PMID: 35448597 PMCID: PMC9026929 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroponic Hordeum brevisubulatum (wild barley) was used as material in the greenhouse to study the effects of endophyte infection on plant growth, Cd absorption and transport, subcellular distribution, and Cd chemical forms under CdCl2 stress. Endophytic fungi respond positively to chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency under Cd stress. The order of Cd absorption in different parts of the plant was: roots > stems > leaves. Endophyte infection increased the plant’s absorption and transport of Cd while causing a significant difference in the stem, which was associated with the distribution density of endophyte hyphae. The proportion of organelle Cd in endophyte-infected wild barley was significantly higher, which facilitated more Cd transport to aboveground. Cd stress showed a slight effect on the chemical forms of Cd in leaves. The proportion of phosphate, oxalate, and residual Cd increased in the stem. Cd existed in the form of inorganic salt, organic acid, pectin, and protein in roots. Endophyte infection reduced the Cd content of the more toxic chemical forms to protect the normal progress of plant physiological functions. Therefore, the isolation of cell walls and vacuoles is a key mechanism for plant Cd tolerance and detoxification. As endophyte infections have more ability to absorb Cd in plants, H. brevisubulatum−Epichloë bromicola symbionts can improve heavy metal contaminated soil and water.
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Rodrigo S, García-Latorre C, Santamaria O. Metabolites Produced by Fungi against Fungal Phytopathogens: Review, Implementation and Perspectives. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:81. [PMID: 35009084 PMCID: PMC8747711 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Many fungi, especially endophytes, have been found to produce multiple benefits in their plant hosts, with many of these benefits associated with the protection of plants against fungal diseases. This fact could be used in the development of new bio-products that could gradually reduce the need for chemical fungicides, which have been associated with multiple health and environmental problems. However, the utilization of the living organism may present several issues, such as an inconsistency in the results obtained and more complicated management and application, as fungal species are highly influenced by environmental conditions, the type of relationship with the plant host and interaction with other microorganisms. These issues could be addressed by using the bioactive compounds produced by the fungus, in cases where they were responsible for positive effects, instead of the living organism. Multiple bioactive compounds produced by fungal species, especially endophytes, with antifungal properties have been previously reported in the literature. However, despite the large amount of these metabolites and their potential, extensive in-field application on a large scale has not yet been implemented. In the present review, the main aspects explaining this limited implementation are analyzed, and the present and future perspectives for its development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rodrigo
- Department of Agronomy and Forest Environment Engineering, University of Extremadura, Avda, Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain; (S.R.); (C.G.-L.)
| | - Carlos García-Latorre
- Department of Agronomy and Forest Environment Engineering, University of Extremadura, Avda, Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain; (S.R.); (C.G.-L.)
| | - Oscar Santamaria
- Department of Construction and Agronomy, University of Salamanca, Avda, Cardenal Cisneros 34, 49029 Zamora, Spain
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Wiewióra B, Żurek G. The Response of the Associations of Grass and Epichloë Endophytes to the Increased Content of Heavy Metals in the Soil. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:429. [PMID: 33668289 PMCID: PMC7996287 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of civilization increases the area of land exposed to the accumulation of toxic compounds, including heavy metals, both in water and soil. Endophytic fungi associated with many species of grasses are related to the resistance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses, which include heavy metals. This paper reviews different aspects of symbiotic interactions between grass species and fungal endophytes from the genera Epichloë with special attention paid to the elevated concentration of heavy metals in growing substrates. The evidence shows the high resistance variation of plant endophyte symbiosis on the heavy metals in soil outcome. The fungal endophytes confer high heavy metal tolerance, which is the key feature in its practical application with their host plants, i.e., grasses in phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Wiewióra
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-NRI, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Żurek
- Department of Grasses, Legumes and Energy Plants, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-NRI, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland;
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Gholinejad B, Khashij S, Ghorbani F, Bandak I, Farajollahi A. Effects of lead ions on germination, initial growth, and physiological characteristics of Lolium perenne L. species and its bioaccumulation potential. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:11155-11163. [PMID: 31960238 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the responses of Lolium perenne L. species to lead ions. To do this, the effects of lead ions at five levels: control (blank), 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg or mg/L (depending on germination in the soil or petri dish) on the germination, initial growth, and physiological characteristics of Lolium perenne were investigated. The results showed that the difference between various lead concentrations was statistically significant at 1% confidence level in all of the germination, vegetative, and physiological characteristics. In addition, the results of translocation and stress factors indicated that there was a significant difference between the control treatment and the concentrations of 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/L of lead ions. Results show that the mean value of stress, which was 0.3196 in the control value, reached 0.4154 at the concentrations 1000 mg/L. Different levels of lead ions had significant effect on the estimated characteristics including germination percentage, seed vigor, germination index, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, root, and shoot. The average germination percentage in the control was 46.66%, which decreased by 5% at the highest lead concentration. In addition, the average of seed vigor, which was 34.06 in the control conditions, decreased to 0.72 at the highest lead concentration. Also, the chlorophyll a dropped from 0.5261 mg/g in the control conditions to 0.3149 mg/g. On the other hand, increase in lead ion concentration affected the physiological characteristics of Lolium perenne species. Results suggest that Lolium perenne is capable of accumulating lead and is well tolerant to lead in soil. Therefore, it is concluded that it can be used for sowing on lands which are polluted to this heavy metal (up to the concentration of 1000 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Gholinejad
- Department of Rangeland & Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Shima Khashij
- Rangeland Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Farshid Ghorbani
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Isa Bandak
- Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Asghar Farajollahi
- Faculty of Natural Resources, Gorgan University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Golestan, Iran
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Jia Q, Qu J, Mu H, Sun H, Wu C. Foliar endophytic fungi: diversity in species and functions in forest ecosystems. Symbiosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-019-00663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Jia T, Wang RH, Chai BF. Various Phyllosphere and Soil Bacterial Communities of Natural Grasses and the Impact Factors in a Copper Tailings Dam. Curr Microbiol 2018; 76:7-14. [PMID: 30310969 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Copper mining caused severe damage to the ecological environment of mining areas. The combination of microbe and plant remediation has an application potential in improving the absorption and transformation efficiency of heavy metals. The phyllosphere is the largest biointerface on the planet, and bacteria are the dominant microbial inhabitants of the phyllosphere, believed to be critical to plant growth and health. This study investigated the phyllospheric and soil bacteria communities using high-throughput sequencing, and endophyte infection statuses of four natural grasses by toluidine blue heparin assay. Results showed variation in phyllospheric bacterial community structure. Gammaproteobacteria were the most abundant bacterial population. Bacilli were found in the phyllosphere of Bothriochloa ischaemum and Imperata cylindrica, while Clostridia were only found in Calamagrostis epigejos. Alphaproteobacteria were the dominant bacteria in soil. In addition, bacterial communities were influenced by endophytic infection statuses. Oxalobacteraceae was associated with soil carbon and sulfur. Enterobacteriaceae had negative correlation with the ratio of soil carbon and nitrogen, and had positive correlation with Cd content. These results offer useful insights into phyllospheric bacterial community variance in four different natural grasses in a copper tailings dam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Jia
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Rui-Hong Wang
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Bao-Feng Chai
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
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Hammami H, Alaie E, Dastgheib SMM. The ability of Silybum marianum to phytoremediate cadmium and/or diesel oil from the soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2018; 20:756-763. [PMID: 29775104 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2018.1425664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is a new ecological and cost-effective technology applied for cleaning heavy metals and total petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated (TPH-contaminated) soils. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) to phytoremediate cadmium (Cd (II)) from contaminated soils. To this end, the investigators applied a completely randomized design with the factorial arrangement and four replications. The results indicated that all the evaluated parameters of S. Marianum, including shoot and root fresh and dry weight, as well as shoot and root Cd, were significantly influenced by Cd (II) concentration and diesel oil (DO). The Cd-contaminated soil showed minor declining effects on the produced plant biomass, whereas the DO-contaminated soil had more inhibitory effects. Moreover, the soil contaminated with both Cd and DO led to adverse effects on the plant biomass. The shoot and root Cd concentration had an increasing trend in the presence of DO as the bioconcentration factor (BCF) by 1.740 (+90.78%), 1.410 (+36.89%), 2.050 (+31.41%), 1.68 (+32.28%), and 1.371 (+22.41%) compared to the soil without DO at Cd (II) concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/kg, respectively. Biological accumulation coefficient also showed the same trend as the BCF. In all the treatments, the translocation factor was >1. Therefore, it was demonstrated that milk thistle had high potential for transferring Cd from root to shoot and reducing its concentration in the soil. Moreover, the study revealed that milk thistle had high potential for absorbing Cd in the soil contaminated with Cd and DO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hammami
- a Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture , University of Birjand , Birjand , Iran
| | - Ebrahim Alaie
- b Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Environment and Biotechnology Research Division , Tehran , Iran
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Damian G, Andráš P, Damian F, Turisová I, Iepure G. The role of organo-zeolitic material in supporting phytoremediation of a copper mining waste dump. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2018; 20:1307-1316. [PMID: 30666893 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2018.1474440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of applying organo-zeolitic (OZ) amendment in supporting phytoremediation of a copper mine waste dump, using a substrate obtained from Ľubietová, Central Slovakia, was studied. Three plant growth substrates were prepared: (i) the untreated substrate sample from the contaminated site (D-O), (ii) the contaminated sample treated with OZ material, with 82% D-O and 18% OZ (DO + OZ), (iii) the soil from a reference site (R). The largest amount of dry biomass was obtained from the DO + OZ sample. Whole plants grown on the original substrate (D-O) were accumulating a high concentration of Cu (3057 mg kg-1). The plants root grown on DO + OZ sample accumulated highest Cu concentrations (3127 mg kg-1), but in their aerial part, only 83.54 mg kg-1 was accumulated. The translocation factor's lower than the unit values prove that these plant species do not transfer heavy metals from root to shoot, this is why their heavy metal excluder role is evident. The value of the bioconcentration factor of the DO + OZ root/substrate obtained to be greater than the unit for Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Co, Ni, and Mn, suggests the OZ material's positive contribution in the phytoremediation process that can be applied for these waste dumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghe Damian
- a Technical University of Cluj Napoca, North University Center of Baia Mare , Baia Mare , Romania
| | - Peter Andráš
- b Matej Bel University in Banska Bystrica , Banská Bystrica , Slovakia
| | - Floarea Damian
- a Technical University of Cluj Napoca, North University Center of Baia Mare , Baia Mare , Romania
| | - Ingrid Turisová
- b Matej Bel University in Banska Bystrica , Banská Bystrica , Slovakia
| | - Gheorghe Iepure
- a Technical University of Cluj Napoca, North University Center of Baia Mare , Baia Mare , Romania
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Tong J, Miaowen C, Juhui J, Jinxian L, Baofeng C. Endophytic fungi and soil microbial community characteristics over different years of phytoremediation in a copper tailings dam of Shanxi, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 574:881-888. [PMID: 27665448 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a survey of native grass species infected by endophytic fungi in a copper tailings dam over progressive years of phytoremediation. We investigated how endophytic fungi, soil microbial community structure and soil physiochemical properties and enzymatic activity varied in responses to heavy metal pollution over different stages of phytoremediation. endophyte infection frequency increased with years of phytoremediation. Rates of endophyte infection varied among different natural grass species in each sub-dam. Soil carbon content and soil enzymatic activity gradually increased through the years of phytoremediation. endophyte infection rates of Bothriochloa ischaemum and Festuca rubra were positively related to levels of cadmium (Cd) pollution levels, and fungal endophytes associated with Imperata cylindrical and Elymus dahuricus developed tolerance to lead (Pb). The structure and relative abundance of bacterial communities varied little over years of phytoremediation, but there was a pronounced variation in soil fungi types. Leotiomycetes were the dominant class of resident fungi during the initial phytoremediation period, but Pezizomycetes gradually became dominant as the phytoremediation period progressed. Fungal endophytes in native grasses as well as soil fungi and soil bacteria play different ecological roles during phytoremediation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tong
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Wucheng Road 92, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
| | - Cao Miaowen
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Wucheng Road 92, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Jing Juhui
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Liu Jinxian
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Wucheng Road 92, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Chai Baofeng
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Wucheng Road 92, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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Saghi A, Rashed Mohassel MH, Parsa M, Hammami H. Phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soil by Sinapis arvensis and Rapistrum rugosum. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2016; 18:387-392. [PMID: 26552966 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2015.1109607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, public concern relating to ecological deleterious effects of heavy metals is on the rise. To evaluate the potential of Rapistrum rugosum and Sinapis arvensis in lead- contaminate phytoremediate, a pot culture experiment was conducted. The pots were filled by soil treated with different rates of leadoxide (PbO) including 0 (control), 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg Pb per 1 kg soil. Germinated seeds were sown. Surprisingly, with increasing concentration of Pb, dry weight of R. rugosum and S. arvensis did not decrease significantly. In both of species, the concentration of Pb was higher in roots than shoots. In general, S.arvensis was absorbed more Pb compared to R. rugosum. The results revealed high potential of R. rugosum and S. arvensis in withdrawing Pb from contaminated soil. For both species, a positive linear relation was observed between Pb concentration in soil and roots. However, linear relationship was not observed between Pb concentration in the soil and shoots. Although both species test had low ability in translocation Pb from roots to shoots but they showed high ability in uptake soil Pb by roots. Apparently, these plants are proper species for using in phytoremediation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolghasem Saghi
- a Department of Agriculture , Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University , Mashhad , Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Parsa
- a Department of Agriculture , Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Hossein Hammami
- b Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding , College of Agriculture, University of Birjand , Birjand , Iran
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Hammami H, Parsa M, Mohassel MHR, Rahimi S, Mijani S. Weeds ability to phytoremediate cadmium-contaminated soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2016; 18:48-53. [PMID: 26125671 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2015.1058336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An alternative method to other technologies to clean up the soil, air and water pollution by heavy metals is phytoremediation. Therefore, a pot culture experiment was conducted at the College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran, in 2014 to determine the potential absorption of cadmium by Portulaca oleracea (Common purslane), Solanum nigrum (Black nightshade), Abutilon theophrasti (Velvetleaf) and Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion). The type of experiment was completely randomized design with factorial arrangement and four replications. The soil in pot was treated with different rates of CdCl2.H2O (0 (control), 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg Cd/kg soil) and the plants were sown. With increasing concentration levels, fresh weight and dry weight of shoots and roots of all plant species were reduced. The reduction severity was ranked according the following order, P. oleracea > A. theophrasti > S. nigrum > T. officinale. Bioconcentration factor (BCF), Translocation factor (TF) and Translocation efficiency (TE%) was ranked according the following order, T. officinale > S. nigrum > A. theophrasti > P. oleracea. The results of this study revealed that T. officinale and S. nigrum are effective species to phytoremediate Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hammami
- a Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding , College of Agriculture, University of Birjand , Birjand , Iran
| | - Mehdi Parsa
- b Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding , College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
| | | | - Salman Rahimi
- b Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding , College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
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Hume DE, Ryan GD, Gibert A, Helander M, Mirlohi A, Sabzalian MR. Epichloë Fungal Endophytes for Grassland Ecosystems. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26777-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Mirzahossini Z, Shabani L, Sabzalian MR, Sharifi-Tehrani M. ABC transporter and metallothionein expression affected by NI and Epichloe endophyte infection in tall fescue. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 120:13-19. [PMID: 26024809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Epichloe endophytes are symbiotic fungi which unlike mycorrhiza grow within aerial parts of host plants. The fungi may increase host tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, the effect of endophyte infection on growth and tolerance, carbohydrate contents and ABC (ABC transporter) and MET (metallothionein) expression in the leaves of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) plants cultivated in Ni polluted soil were evaluated. The endophyte infected (E+) and non-infected (E-) fescue plants were cultivated in soil under different Ni concentrations (30, 90 and 180mgkg(-1)). Growth parameters including root, shoot, total biomass, tiller number and total chlorophyll content of plants and H2O2 content of shoots were measured at the end of experiment. Ni translocation to the shoots, carbohydrate contents in roots and expression of ABC and MET of the leaves were also measured after 10 weeks of growth. Results demonstrated the beneficial effect of endophyte association on growth and Ni tolerance of tall fescue under Ni stress through an avoidance mechanism (reduction of Ni accumulation and translocation to the shoots). Endophyte infected plants showed less ABC and MET expression compared to the endophyte free plants. In endophyte free plants, H2O2 production had a significant positive correlation with genes expression, indicating that an increase in H2O2 might be involved in the up-regulation of ABC and MET under Ni stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mirzahossini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Leila Shabani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mohammad R Sabzalian
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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Ricachenevsky FK, Menguer PK, Sperotto RA, Fett JP. Got to hide your Zn away: Molecular control of Zn accumulation and biotechnological applications. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 236:1-17. [PMID: 26025516 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for all organisms, with key catalytic and structural functions. Zn deficiency in plants, common in alkaline soils, results in growth arrest and sterility. On the other hand, Zn can become toxic at elevated concentrations. Several studies revealed molecules involved with metal acquisition in roots, distribution within the plant and translocation to seeds. Transmembrane Zn transport proteins and Zn chelators are involved in avoiding its toxic effects. Plant species with the capacity to hyperaccumulate and hypertolerate Zn have been characterized. Plants that accumulate and tolerate high amounts of Zn and produce abundant biomass may be useful for phytoremediation, allowing cleaning of metal-contaminated soils. The study of Zn hyperaccumulators may provide indications of genes and processes useful for biofortification, for developing crops with high amounts of nutrients in edible tissues. Future research needs to focus on functional characterization of Zn transporters in planta, elucidation of Zn uptake and sensing mechanisms, and on understanding the cross-talk between Zn homeostasis and other physiological processes. For this, new research should use multidisciplinary approaches, combining traditional and emerging techniques, such as genome-encoded metal sensors and multi-element imaging, quantification and speciation using synchrotron-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Klein Ricachenevsky
- Centro de Biotecnologia & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Paloma Koprovski Menguer
- Centro de Biotecnologia & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom.
| | - Raul Antonio Sperotto
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro Universitário UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil.
| | - Janette Palma Fett
- Centro de Biotecnologia & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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