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Esterhuizen M, Pflugmacher S. Phytoremediation of diclofenac using the Green Liver System: Macrophyte screening to system optimization. N Biotechnol 2023; 76:82-89. [PMID: 37217117 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Green Liver Systems employ the ability of macrophytes to take up, detoxify (biotransform), and bioaccumulate pollutants; however, these systems require optimization to target specific pollutants. In the present study, the aim was to test the applicability of the Green Liver System for diclofenac remediation considering the effects of selected variables. As a starting point, 42 macrophyte life forms were evaluated for diclofenac uptake. With the three best performing macrophytes, the system efficiency was evaluated at two diclofenac concentrations, one environmentally relevant and that other significantly higher (10µg/L and 150µg/L) and in two system sizes (60L and 1000L) as well as at three flow rates (3, 7, and 15L/min). The effect of single species and combinations on removal efficiency was also considered. The highest internalization percentage was recorded in Ceratophyllum spp., Myriophyllum spp., and Egeria densa. Phytoremediation efficiency with species combinations was far superior to utilizing only a single macrophyte type. Furthermore, the results indicate that the flow rate significantly affected the removal efficiency of the pharmaceutical tested, with the highest remediation efficiency obtained with the highest flow rate. System size did not significantly affect phytoremediation; however, increase diclofenac concentration reduced the systems performance significantly. When planning the setup of a Green Liver System for wastewater remediation, basic knowledge about the water, i.e., pollutant types and flow, must be utilized during planning to optimize remediation. Various macrophytes show diverse uptake efficiencies for different contaminants and should be selected based on the pollutant composition of the wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maranda Esterhuizen
- Ecosystem and Environmental Research Program Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, Fabianinkatu 33, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST EU), Joint Laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Campus 7.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Clayton H. Riddell Faculty of Environment, Earth, and Resources, University of Manitoba, Wallace Bldg, 125 Dysart Rd, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Stephan Pflugmacher
- Clayton H. Riddell Faculty of Environment, Earth, and Resources, University of Manitoba, Wallace Bldg, 125 Dysart Rd, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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Esterhuizen M, Lutsko M, Kim Y, Yoon H, Park CB, Kim YJ, Pflugmacher S. Titanium (IV) oxide anatase nanoparticles as vectors for diclofenac: assessing the antioxidative responses to single and combined exposures in the aquatic macrophyte Egeria densa. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:394-402. [PMID: 37000303 PMCID: PMC10102128 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02646-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide, frequently used in commonplace products, is now regularly detected in aquatic environments. Understanding its toxic effects on native biota is essential. However, combined toxicity with commonly occurring pollutants, such as the pharmaceutical diclofenac, may provide more insight into environmental situations. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of titanium dioxide and diclofenac, individually and combined, on the macrophyte Egeria densa. Diclofenac uptake and removal by the macrophyte were assessed. Diclofenac and titanium dioxide were mixed prior to exposure to allow binding, which was assessed. Toxicity of the individual compounds and the combination was evaluated by assaying enzymes as bioindicators of biotransformation and the antioxidative system. Cytosolic glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase activities were increased by diclofenac, titanium dioxide, and the combination. Both enzymes' activities were more significantly elevated by diclofenac and the combination than nanoparticles alone. Microsomal glutathione S-transferase was unaffected by diclofenac exposure but inhibited with titanium dioxide and the mixture. Diclofenac elicited the most significant response. Based on the data, the cytosolic enzymes effectively prevented damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maranda Esterhuizen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Niemenkatu 73, University of Helsinki, 15140, Lahti, Finland.
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Fabianinkatu 33, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Clayton H. Riddell Faculty of Environment, Earth, and Resources, University of Manitoba, Wallace Building, 125 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST Europe) Forschungsgesellschaft GmbH, Joint Laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Environmental Safety Group, Universität des Saarlandes Campus E7 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Mariia Lutsko
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Youngsam Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST Europe) Forschungsgesellschaft GmbH, Joint Laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Environmental Safety Group, Universität des Saarlandes Campus E7 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hakwon Yoon
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17, Jegok-gil, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Beom Park
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17, Jegok-gil, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST Europe) Forschungsgesellschaft GmbH, Joint Laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Environmental Safety Group, Universität des Saarlandes Campus E7 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stephan Pflugmacher
- Clayton H. Riddell Faculty of Environment, Earth, and Resources, University of Manitoba, Wallace Building, 125 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
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Kitamura RSA, Brito JCM, Silva de Assis HC, Gomes MP. Physiological responses and phytoremediation capacity of floating and submerged aquatic macrophytes exposed to ciprofloxacin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:622-639. [PMID: 35904744 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22253-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) water contamination is a global concern, having reached disturbing concentrations and threatening the aquatic ecosystems. We investigated the physiological responses and Cipro-phytoremediation capacity of one floating (Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell) and one submerged (Egeria densa Planch.) species of aquatic macrophytes. The plants were exposed to increased concentrations of Cipro (0, 1, 10, and 100 µg.Cipro.L-1) in artificially contaminated water for 96 and 168 h. Although the antibiotic affected the activities of mitochondrial electron transport chain enzymes, the resulting increases in H2O2 concentrations were not associated with oxidative damage or growth reductions, mainly due to the activation of antioxidant systems for both species. In addition to being tolerant to Cipro, after only 96 h, plants were able to reclaim more than 58% of that from the media. The phytoremediation capacity did not differ between the species, however, while S. molesta bioaccumulate, E. densa appears to metabolize Cipro in their tissues. Both macrophytes are indicated for Cipro-phytoremediation projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Shinji Akiyama Kitamura
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Plantas Sob Estresse, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. Dos Santos, 100, Centro Politécnico Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, Curitiba , Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Ambiental, Departamento de Farmacologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. Dos Santos, 100, Centro Politécnico Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, Curitiba , Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
- Ecology and Conservation Program Post-Graduation, Federal University of Paraná, Avenue Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba , Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Júlio César Moreira Brito
- Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Rua Conde Pereira Carneiro, 80, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30510-010, Brazil
| | - Helena Cristina Silva de Assis
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Ambiental, Departamento de Farmacologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. Dos Santos, 100, Centro Politécnico Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, Curitiba , Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Pedrosa Gomes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Plantas Sob Estresse, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. Dos Santos, 100, Centro Politécnico Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, Curitiba , Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil.
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Javaid A, Imran M, Latif S, Hussain N, Bilal M. Functionalized magnetic nanostructured composites and hybrids for photocatalytic elimination of pharmaceuticals and personal care products. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157683. [PMID: 35940270 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to rapid urbanization and globalization, an enormous use of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has resulted their excessive release in water bodies leading to several environmental issues. This release into the environment takes place via household sewage, hospital effluents, manufacturing units and landfill sites etc. The pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are recently listed as emerging contaminants having many adverse effects towards aquatic life, human beings, and the whole ecosystem. The alarming threats of PPCPs demand efficient methods to cope up their hazardous impacts. The conventional wastewater remediations are not specifically designed for the removal of PPCPs and hence, they require advanced technologies and materials for their elimination to ensure water safety. Among various methods employed so far, photocatalysis is considered to be one of the most cost effective and eco-friendly method but it requires a suitable candidate as a photocatalyst. Thanks to the magnetic nanocomposites which have improved the limitations (poor stability, agglomeration, and difficult separation, etc.) of classically used nanomaterials. Magnetic nanocomposites contain at least one component having magnetic properties making their separation easy from the aqueous media after the photodegradation phenomenon. These can be further functionalized with other materials to obtain maximum advantage as photocatalyst. Few examples of such functionalized nanocomposites are inorganic material based magnetic nanocomposites, carbon based magnetic nanocomposites, biomaterial based magnetic nanocomposites, metal-organic framework based magnetic nanocomposites and polymer based magnetic nanocomposites etc. This review covers the global environmental issue of water pollution especially with respect to the PPCPs, their occurrence in aqueous environment and toxic effects on living beings. A comprehensive discussion of the recently reported functionalized magnetic nanocomposites for the photocatalytic removal of PPCPs from water is the main aim of this review. The synthetic/morphological approaches of various functionalized magnetic composites and their mechanism of action are also elaborated. The possible research challenges in the field of magnetic nanocomposites and future research directions are discussed to apply magnetic nanocomposites for wastewater treatment in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Javaid
- Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Shoomaila Latif
- School of Physical Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
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Dong J, Dai D, Yang Y, Wang F, Li X, Yuan J, Chen Y, Gao Y, Zhang M, Gao X, Li M, Zhang J. Responses of submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum to the gradient concentrations of microcystin-LR (MC-LR). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:71257-71269. [PMID: 35596866 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The responses of Ceratophyllum demersum to gradient concentrations (0, 0.8, 3.2, and 10 µg/L) of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) were comprehensively investigated by laboratory simulation experiments. The high reduction and accumulation efficiency of MC-LR by C. demersum were verified in this study. Results showed that the reduction ratio of MC-LR in the cultivation medium was up to 99% after 14 days of exposure, and the accumulation of MC-LR in C. demersum was highest at an exposure concentration of 10 μg/L, the value of which was 0.9 ng/g fresh weight (FW). Meanwhile, a series of negative effects on C. demersum was detectable, accompanied by a significant biomass reduction of the plant and changes in microbial community composition. In particular, this study indicated that the amount of Flavobacteria was elevated under the stress of MC-LR, provoking great threats to aquatic ecosystems. Moreover, oxidative damage was evidenced by the changes in total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione. The results also demonstrated significant increases in sugar (0.025 mg/g FW), protein (0.3 mg/g FW), and carotenoids (0.6 mg/g FW) in C. demersum stressed by 10 μg/L of MC-LR, compared with the control without microcystins, which were among the defense strategies for dealing with adverse conditions. These results verified the good potential of submerged macrophytes as an eco-friendly strategy for controlling cyanobacterial blooms. However, the negative effects of MC-LR on the macrophytes themselves were also demonstrated, which would be considered in future practice and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China, 453007.
| | - Dujuan Dai
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China, 453007
| | - Yue Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China, 453007
| | - Feihu Wang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China, 453007
| | - Xuejun Li
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China, 453007
| | - Jie Yuan
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China, 453007
| | - Yuhuan Chen
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China, 453007
| | - Yunni Gao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China, 453007
| | - Man Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China, 453007
| | - Xiaofei Gao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China, 453007
| | - Mei Li
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China, 453007
| | - Jingxiao Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China, 453007
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Bhatt P, Ganesan S, Santhose I, Durairaj T. Phytoremediation as an effective tool to handle emerging contaminants. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Phytoremediation is a process which effectively uses plants as a tool to remove, detoxify or immobilize contaminants. It has been an eco-friendly and cost-effective technique to clean contaminated environments. The contaminants from various sources have caused an irreversible damage to all the biotic factors in the biosphere. Bioremediation has become an indispensable strategy in reclaiming or rehabilitating the environment that was damaged by the contaminants. The process of bioremediation has been extensively used for the past few decades to neutralize toxic contaminants, but the results have not been satisfactory due to the lack of cost-effectiveness, production of byproducts that are toxic and requirement of large landscape. Phytoremediation helps in treating chemical pollutants on two broad categories namely, emerging organic pollutants (EOPs) and emerging inorganic pollutants (EIOPs) under in situ conditions. The EOPs are produced from pharmaceutical, chemical and synthetic polymer industries, which have potential to pollute water and soil environments. Similarly, EIOPs are generated during mining operations, transportations and industries involved in urban development. Among the EIOPs, it has been noticed that there is pollution due to heavy metals, radioactive waste production and electronic waste in urban centers. Moreover, in recent times phytoremediation has been recognized as a feasible method to treat biological contaminants. Since remediation of soil and water is very important to preserve natural habitats and ecosystems, it is necessary to devise new strategies in using plants as a tool for remediation. In this review, we focus on recent advancements in phytoremediation strategies that could be utilized to mitigate the adverse effects of emerging contaminants without affecting the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanth Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology , College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology , SRM Nagar , Kattankulathur – 603203 , Kanchipuram , Chennai , TN , India
| | - Swamynathan Ganesan
- Department of Biotechnology , College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology , SRM Nagar , Kattankulathur – 603203 , Kanchipuram , Chennai , TN , India
| | - Infant Santhose
- Department of Biotechnology , College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology , SRM Nagar , Kattankulathur – 603203 , Kanchipuram , Chennai , TN , India
| | - Thirumurugan Durairaj
- Department of Biotechnology , College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology , SRM Nagar , Kattankulathur – 603203 , Kanchipuram , Chennai , TN , India
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Sathishkumar P, Mohan K, Meena RAA, Balasubramanian M, Chitra L, Ganesan AR, Palvannan T, Brar SK, Gu FL. Hazardous impact of diclofenac on mammalian system: Mitigation strategy through green remediation approach. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126135. [PMID: 34157463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac is an anti-inflammatory drug used as an analgesic. It is often detected in various environmental sources around the world and is considered as one of the emerging contaminants (ECs). This paper reviews the distribution of diclofenac at high concentrations in diverse environments and its adverse ecological impact. Recent studies observed strong evidence of the hazardous effect of diclofenac on mammals, including humans. Diclofenac could cause gastrointestinal complications, neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hematotoxicity, genotoxicity, teratogenicity, bone fractures, and skin allergy in mammals even at a low concentration. Collectively, this comprehensive review relates the mode of toxicity, level of exposure, and route of administration as a unique approach for addressing the destructive consequence of diclofenac in mammalian systems. Finally, the mitigation strategy to eradicate the diclofenac toxicity through green remediation is critically discussed. This review will undoubtedly shed light on the toxic effects of pseudo-persistent diclofenac on mammals as well as frame stringent guidelines against its common usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanivel Sathishkumar
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Kannan Mohan
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Sri Vasavi College, Erode, Tamil Nadu 638 316, India
| | | | - Murugesan Balasubramanian
- Department of Biotechnology, K.S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode 637 215, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Loganathan Chitra
- Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abirami Ramu Ganesan
- Group of Fermentation and Distillation, Laimburg Research Center, Vadena (BZ), Italy
| | | | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Feng Long Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Alonso FG, Mielke KC, Brochado MGDS, Mendes KF, Tornisielo VL. Potential of Egeria densa and Pistia stratiotes for the phytoremediation of water contaminated with saflufenacil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2021; 56:644-649. [PMID: 34096452 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1936386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Saflufenacil is an herbicide that is leachable in soil and has the potential to contaminate groundwater, besides having moderate toxicity to aquatic organisms. Some macrophyte species may interfere with the availability of herbicides in water, increasing dissipation in this environment. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the absorption and dissipation of 14C-saflufenacil in water by Egeria densa and Pistia stratiotes. Dissipation was performed with 14C-saflufenacil applied directly in water and quantified by liquid scintillation spectrometry (LSS). The evaluation times were 0, 3, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after application (HAA) for E. densa and 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 84 and 108 HAA for P. stratiotes. Absorption was analyzed through plant combustion in a biological oxidizer. The presence of the macrophytes increased the dissipation of 14C-saflufenacil in water. The half-life time (DT50) of the herbicide decreased by 82.6% in the presence of E. densa at 96 HAA. For P. stratiotes, the reduction in DT50 was 94.8% at 108 HAA. The absorption of 14C-saflufenacil was low for both macrophytes during the evaluated time. However, the macrophytes E. densa and P. stratiotes showed potential for the phytoremediation of water contaminated with saflufenacil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Gimenes Alonso
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamila Cabral Mielke
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Valdemar Luiz Tornisielo
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kucała M, Saładyga M, Kaminski A. Phytoremediation of CYN, MC-LR and ANTX-a from Water by the Submerged Macrophyte Lemna trisulca. Cells 2021; 10:699. [PMID: 33801135 PMCID: PMC8004190 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanotoxins are harmful to aquatic and water-related organisms. In this study, Lemna trisulca was tested as a phytoremediation agent for three common cyanotoxins produced by bloom-forming cyanobacteria. Cocultivation of L. trisulca with Dolichospermum flos-aquae in BG11 medium caused a release of the intracellular pool of anatoxin-a into the medium and the adsorption of 92% of the toxin by the plant-after 14 days, the total amount of toxin decreased 3.17 times. Cocultivation with Raphidopsis raciborskii caused a 2.77-time reduction in the concentration of cylindrospermopsin (CYN) in comparison to the control (62% of the total pool of CYN was associated with the plant). The greatest toxin limitation was noted for cocultivation with Microcystis aeruginosa. After two weeks, the microcystin-LR (MC-LR) concentration decreased more than 310 times. The macrophyte also influenced the growth and development of cyanobacteria cells. Overall, 14 days of cocultivation reduced the biomass of D. flos-aquae, M. aeruginosa, and R. raciborskii by 8, 12, and 3 times, and chlorophyll a concentration in comparison to the control decreased by 17.5, 4.3, and 32.6 times, respectively. Additionally, the macrophyte stabilized the electrical conductivity (EC) and pH values of the water and affected the even uptake of cations and anions from the medium. The obtained results indicate the biotechnological potential of L. trisulca for limiting the development of harmful cyanobacterial blooms and their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kucała
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Michał Saładyga
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Ariel Kaminski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.); (M.S.)
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Aquatic Macrophytes in Constructed Wetlands: A Fight against Water Pollution. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12219202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is growing concern among health institutions worldwide to supply clean water to their populations, especially to more vulnerable communities. Although sewage treatment systems can remove most contaminants, they are not efficient at removing certain substances that can be detected in significant quantities even after standard treatments. Considering the necessity of perfecting techniques that can remove waterborne contaminants, constructed wetland systems have emerged as an effective bioremediation solution for degrading and removing contaminants. In spite of their environmentally friendly appearance and efficiency in treating residual waters, one of the limiting factors to structure efficient artificial wetlands is the choice of plant species that can both tolerate and remove contaminants. For sometimes, the chosen plants composing a system were not shown to increase wetland performance and became a problem since the biomass produced must have appropriated destination. We provide here an overview of the use and role of aquatic macrophytes in constructed wetland systems. The ability of plants to remove metals, pharmaceutical products, pesticides, cyanotoxins and nanoparticles in constructed wetlands were compared with the removal efficiency of non-planted systems, aiming to evaluate the capacity of plants to increase the removal efficiency of the systems. Moreover, this review also focuses on the management and destination of the biomass produced through natural processes of water filtration. The use of macrophytes in constructed wetlands represents a promising technology, mainly due to their efficiency of removal and the cost advantages of their implantation. However, the choice of plant species composing constructed wetlands should not be only based on the plant removal capacity since the introduction of invasive species can become an ecological problem.
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