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Du M, Yin Z, Xu K, Huang Y, Xu Y, Wen W, Zhang Z, Xu H, Wu X. Integrated mass spectrometry imaging and metabolomics reveals sublethal effects of indoxacarb on the red fire ant Solenopsis invicta. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3122-3132. [PMID: 37013793 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoxacarb, representing an efficient insecticide, is normally made into a bait to spread the poison among red fire ants so that it can be widely applied in the prevention and control of Solenopsis invicta. However, the potential toxicity mechanism of S. invicta in response to indoxacarb remains to be explored. In this study, we integrated mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and untargeted metabolomics methods to reveal disturbed metabolic expression levels and spatial distribution within the whole-body tissue of S. invicta treated with indoxacarb. RESULTS Metabolomics results showed a significantly altered level of metabolites after indoxacarb treatment, such as carbohydrates, amino acids and pyrimidine and derivatives. Additionally, the spatial distribution and regulation of several crucial metabolites resulting from the metabolic pathway and lipids can be visualized using label-free MSI methods. Specifically, xylitol, aspartate, and uracil were distributed throughout the whole body of S. invicta, while sucrose-6'-phosphate and glycerol were mainly distributed in the abdomen of S. invicta, and thymine was distributed in the head and chest of S. invicta. Taken together, the integrated MSI and metabolomics results indicated that the toxicity mechanism of indoxacarb in S. invicta is closely associated with the disturbance in several key metabolic pathways, such as pyrimidine metabolism, aspartate metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and inhibited energy synthesis. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings provide a new perspective for the understanding of toxicity assessment between targeted organisms S. invicta and pesticides. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Du
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application of Guangdong Province, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Yin
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaijie Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yudi Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhu Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlin Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanhong Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinzhou Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Sufianova GZ, Shapkin AG, Khlestkina MS, Maslov LN, Mukhomedzyanov AV, Voronkov NS, Sufianov AA. The Role of P 2Y 6 Receptors in the Mechanisms of the Neuroprotective Effect of Citicoline. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023:10.1007/s10517-023-05808-z. [PMID: 37338760 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous bioelectrical activity of the brain and the duration of gasping were recorded in mice during modeling of global strangulation ischemia of the brain against the background of preventive administration of citicoline. The maximum neuroprotective effect of citicoline was observed when it was administered 60 min before the simulation of ischemia and was completely prevented by preliminary administration of a selective P2Y6 receptor antagonist MRS2578. The obtained experimental data attest to the leading role of receptor mechanisms in the implementation of neuroprotective activity of citicoline.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Z Sufianova
- Department of Pharmacology, Tyumen State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tyumen, Russia
- Federal Center of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tyumen, Russia
| | - A G Shapkin
- Department of Pharmacology, Tyumen State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tyumen, Russia
- Federal Center of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tyumen, Russia
| | - M S Khlestkina
- Department of Pharmacology, Tyumen State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tyumen, Russia
- Federal Center of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tyumen, Russia
| | - L N Maslov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A V Mukhomedzyanov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - N S Voronkov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A A Sufianov
- Federal Center of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tyumen, Russia
- Department of Neurosurgery, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Carneiro TJ, Vojtek M, Gonçalves-Monteiro S, Batista de Carvalho ALM, Marques MPM, Diniz C, Gil AM. Effect of Pd 2Spermine on Mice Brain-Liver Axis Metabolism Assessed by NMR Metabolomics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213773. [PMID: 36430252 PMCID: PMC9693583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (cDDP)-based chemotherapy is often limited by severe deleterious effects (nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity). The polynuclear palladium(II) compound Pd2Spermine (Pd2Spm) has emerged as a potential alternative drug, with favorable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties. This paper reports on a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance metabolomics study to (i) characterize the response of mice brain and liver to Pd2Spm, compared to cDDP, and (ii) correlate brain-liver metabolic variations. Multivariate and correlation analysis of the spectra of polar and lipophilic brain and liver extracts from an MDA-MB-231 cell-derived mouse model revealed a stronger impact of Pd2Spm on brain metabolome, compared to cDDP. This was expressed by changes in amino acids, inosine, cholate, pantothenate, fatty acids, phospholipids, among other compounds. Liver was less affected than brain, with cDDP inducing more metabolite changes. Results suggest that neither drug induces neuronal damage or inflammation, and that Pd2Spm seems to lead to enhanced brain anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms, regulation of brain bioactive metabolite pools and adaptability of cell membrane characteristics. The cDDP appears to induce higher extension of liver damage and an enhanced need for liver regeneration processes. This work demonstrates the usefulness of untargeted metabolomics in evaluating drug impact on multiple organs, while confirming Pd2Spm as a promising replacement of cDDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana J. Carneiro
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Martin Vojtek
- LAQV/REQUIMTE—Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4150-755 Porto, Portugal
| | - Salomé Gonçalves-Monteiro
- LAQV/REQUIMTE—Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4150-755 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Paula M. Marques
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carmen Diniz
- LAQV/REQUIMTE—Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4150-755 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Gil
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-234-370-707
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Frisk JH, Örn S, Pejler G, Eriksson S, Wang L. Differential expression of enzymes in thymidylate biosynthesis in zebrafish at different developmental stages: implications for dtymk mutation-caused neurodegenerative disorders. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:19. [PMID: 35346037 PMCID: PMC8962455 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00704-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) is an essential building block of DNA, and defects in enzymes involved in dTTP synthesis cause neurodegenerative disorders. For instance, mutations in DTYMK, the gene coding for thymidylate kinase (TMPK), cause severe microcephaly in human. However, the mechanism behind this is not well-understood. Here we used the zebrafish model and studied (i) TMPK, an enzyme required for both the de novo and the salvage pathways of dTTP synthesis, and (ii) thymidine kinases (TK) of the salvage pathway in order to understand their role in neuropathology. Results Our findings reveal that maternal-stored dNTPs are only sufficient for 6 cell division cycles, and the levels of dNTPs are inversely correlated to cell cycle length during early embryogenesis. TMPK and TK activities are prominent in the cytosol of embryos, larvae and adult fish and brain contains the highest TMPK activity. During early development, TMPK activity increased gradually from 6 hpf and a profound increase was observed at 72 hpf, and TMPK activity reached its maximal level at 96 hpf, and remained at high level until 144 hpf. The expression of dtymk encoded Dtymk protein correlated to its mRNA expression and neuronal development but not to the TMPK activity detected. However, despite the high TMPK activity detected at later stages of development, the Dtymk protein was undetectable. Furthermore, the TMPK enzyme detected at later stages showed similar biochemical properties as the Dtymk enzyme but was not recognized by the Dtymk specific antibody. Conclusions Our results suggest that active dNTP synthesis in early embryogenesis is vital and that Dtymk is essential for neurodevelopment, which is supported by a recent study of dtymk knockout zebrafish with neurological disorder and lethal outcomes. Furthermore, there is a novel TMPK-like enzyme expressed at later stages of development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12868-022-00704-0.
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Malla B, Liotta A, Bros H, Ulshöfer R, Paul F, Hauser AE, Niesner R, Infante-Duarte C. Teriflunomide Preserves Neuronal Activity and Protects Mitochondria in Brain Slices Exposed to Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031538. [PMID: 35163469 PMCID: PMC8835718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Teriflunomide (TFN) limits relapses in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) by reducing lymphocytic proliferation through the inhibition of the mitochondrial enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and the subsequent modulation of de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Alterations of mitochondrial function as a consequence of oxidative stress have been reported during neuroinflammation. Previously, we showed that TFN prevents alterations of mitochondrial motility caused by oxidative stress in peripheral axons. Here, we aimed to validate TFN effects on mitochondria and neuronal activity in hippocampal brain slices, in which cellular distribution and synaptic circuits are largely preserved. TFN effects on metabolism and neuronal activity were investigated by assessing oxygen partial pressure and local field potential in acute slices. Additionally, we imaged mitochondria in brain slices from the transgenic Thy1-CFP/COX8A)S2Lich/J (mitoCFP) mice using two-photon microscopy. Although TFN could not prevent oxidative stress-related depletion of ATP, it preserved oxygen consumption and neuronal activity in CNS tissue during oxidative stress. Furthermore, TFN prevented mitochondrial shortening and fragmentation of puncta-shaped and network mitochondria during oxidative stress. Regarding motility, TFN accentuated the decrease in mitochondrial displacement and increase in speed observed during oxidative stress. Importantly, these effects were not associated with neuronal viability and did not lead to axonal damage. In conclusion, during conditions of oxidative stress, TFN preserves the functionality of neurons and prevents morphological and motility alterations of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimala Malla
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (B.M.); (H.B.); (R.U.)
| | - Agustin Liotta
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie mit Schwerpunkt Operative Intensivmedizin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Helena Bros
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (B.M.); (H.B.); (R.U.)
| | - Rebecca Ulshöfer
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (B.M.); (H.B.); (R.U.)
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), MDC for Molecular Medicine and Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), MDC for Molecular Medicine and Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja E. Hauser
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.E.H.); (R.N.)
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Raluca Niesner
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.E.H.); (R.N.)
- Dynamic and Functional In Vivo Imaging, Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (B.M.); (H.B.); (R.U.)
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), MDC for Molecular Medicine and Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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Hu Frisk J, Pejler G, Eriksson S, Wang L. Structural and functional analysis of human thymidylate kinase isoforms. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 41:321-332. [PMID: 34994281 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2021.2023748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thymidylate kinase (TMPK) phosphorylates deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) and plays an important role in genome stability. Deficiency in TMPK activity due to genetic alterations of DTYMK, i.e., the gene coding for TMPK, causes severe microcephaly in humans. However, no defects were observed in other tissues, suggesting the existence of a compensatory enzyme for dTTP synthesis. In search for this compensatory enzyme we analyzed 6 isoforms of TMPK mRNA deposited in the GenBank. Of these, only isoform 1 has been characterized and represents the known human TMPK. Our results reveal that isoform 2, 3, 4 and 5 lack essential structural elements for substrate binding and, thus, they are considered as nonfunctional isoforms. Isoform 6, however, has intact catalytic centers, i.e., dTMP-binding, DRX motif, ATP-binding p-loop and lid region, which are the key structural elements of an active TMPK, suggesting that isoform 6 may function as TMPK. When isoform 6 was expressed and purified, it showed only minimal activity (<0.1%) as compared with isoform 1. A putative isoform 6 was detected in a cancer cell line, in addition to the dominant isoform 1. However, because of its low activity, isoform 6 is unlikely be able to compensate for the loss of TMPK activity caused by deletions and/or point mutations of the DTYMK gene. Thereby, future studies to identify and characterize the compensatory TMPK enzyme found in patients with DTYMK mutations may contribute to the understanding of dTTP synthesis and of the pathophysiological role of DTYMK mutations in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Hu Frisk
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Staffan Eriksson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Frisk J, Vanoevelen JM, Bierau J, Pejler G, Eriksson S, Wang L. Biochemical Characterizations of Human TMPK Mutations Identified in Patients with Severe Microcephaly: Single Amino Acid Substitutions Impair Dimerization and Abolish Their Catalytic Activity. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:33943-33952. [PMID: 34926941 PMCID: PMC8679000 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Deoxythymidylate kinase (TMPK) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP). Four TMPK variants (P81L, A99T, D128N, and a frameshift) have been identified in human patients who suffered from severe neurodegenerative diseases. However, the impact of these mutations on TMPK function has not been clarified. Here we show that in fibroblasts derived from a patient, the P81L and D128N mutations led to a complete loss of TMPK activity in mitochondria and extremely low and unstable TMPK activity in cytosol. Despite the lack of TMPK activity, the patient-derived fibroblasts apparently grew normal. To investigate the impact of the mutations on the enzyme function, the mutant TMPKs were expressed, purified, and characterized. The wild-type TMPK mainly exists as a dimer with high substrate binding affinity, that is, low K M value and high catalytic efficiency, that is, k cat/K M. In contrast, all mutants were present as monomers with dramatically reduced substrate binding affinity and catalytic efficiencies. Based on the human TMPK structure, none of the mutated amino acids interacted directly with the substrates. By structural analysis, we could explain why the respective amino acid substitutions could drastically alter the enzyme structure and catalytic function. In conclusion, TMPK mutations identified in patients represent loss of function mutations but surprisingly the proliferation rate of the patient-derived fibroblasts was normal, suggesting the existence of an alternative and hitherto unknown compensatory TMPK-like enzyme for dTTP synthesis. Further studies of the TMPK enzymes will help to elucidate the role of TMPK in neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei
Hu Frisk
- Department
of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - Jo M. Vanoevelen
- Department
of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+ and GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht 6202 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jörgen Bierau
- Department
of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University
Medical Centre+ and GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht 6202 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department
of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala SE-750 07, Sweden
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - Staffan Eriksson
- Department
of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - Liya Wang
- Department
of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala SE-750 07, Sweden
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Kundu D, Dubey VK. Purines and Pyrimidines: Metabolism, Function and Potential as Therapeutic Options in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 22:170-189. [PMID: 33292151 DOI: 10.2174/1389203721999201208200605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Various neurodegenerative disorders have various molecular origins but some common molecular mechanisms. In the current scenario, there are very few treatment regimens present for advanced neurodegenerative diseases. In this context, there is an urgent need for alternate options in the form of natural compounds with an ameliorating effect on patients. There have been individual scattered experiments trying to identify potential values of various intracellular metabolites. Purines and Pyrimidines, which are vital molecules governing various aspects of cellular biochemical reactions, have been long sought as crucial candidates for the same, but there are still many questions that go unanswered. Some critical functions of these molecules associated with neuromodulation activities have been identified. They are also known to play a role in foetal neurodevelopment, but there is a lacuna in understanding their mechanisms. In this review, we have tried to assemble and identify the importance of purines and pyrimidines, connecting them with the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases. The leading cause of this class of diseases is protein misfolding and the formation of amyloids. A direct correlation between loss of balance in cellular homeostasis and amyloidosis is yet an unexplored area. This review aims at bringing the current literature available under one umbrella serving as a foundation for further extensive research in this field of drug development in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Kundu
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi, UP - 221005, India
| | - Vikash Kumar Dubey
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi, UP - 221005, India
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Lin B, Chen R, Wang Q, Li Z, Yang S, Feng Y. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Profiling Reveals the Protective Effect of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms Combined With Gastrodia elata Blume on Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:619076. [PMID: 33935709 PMCID: PMC8085551 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.619076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of current treatment strategies used in ischemic stroke are weakened by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury. Suitable treatment regimens targeting CIR injury are still lacking. Two herbs, namely, Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms (ASE) and Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB), have been used as traditional Chinese medicine and are indicated in the treatment of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases. However, there are no studies that report the effects of ASE combined with GEB in the treatment of CIR injury. In this study, we used the Zea Longa method to induce CIR injury in male Wistar rats. Results of the pharmacodynamic studies revealed that co-administration of ASE and GEB may improve neuronal injury and prevent neuronal apoptosis by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and also help prevent CIR injury. On the basis of our hypothesis, we combined the results from transcriptomic and metabonomic analyses and found that ASE and GEB could prevent CIR injury by targeting phenylalanine, pyrimidine, methionine, and sphingolipid metabolism. Therefore, our study provides the basis for the compatibility and efficacy of ASE and GEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingfeng Lin
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Renhao Chen
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Nanchang Key Laboratory of Active Ingredients of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - ShiLin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, China
| | - YuLin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, China
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10
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Chen RH, Du WD, Wang Q, Li ZF, Wang DX, Yang SL, Feng YL. Effects of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury revealed by metabolomics and transcriptomics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113212. [PMID: 32768643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury is one of the main diseases leading to death and disability. Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms (AS), also known as Panax ginseng, has neuroprotective effects on anti-CIR injury. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of its therapeutic effects is not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY To systematically study and explore the mechanism of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms extract (ASE) in the treatment of CIR injury based on metabolomics and transcriptomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pharmacological basis of ASE in the treatment of CIR was evaluated, and samples were used in plasma metabolomics and brain tissue transcriptomics to reveal potential biomarkers. Finally, according to online database, we analyzed biomarkers identified by the two technologies, explained reasons for the therapeutic effect of ASE, and identify therapeutic targets. RESULTS A total of 53 differential metabolites (DMs) were identified in plasma and 3138 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in brain tissue from three groups of rats, including sham, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), and ASE groups. Enrichment analysis showed that Nme6, Tk1, and Pold1 that are involved in the production of deoxycytidine and thymine were significantly up-regulated and Dck was significantly down-regulated by the intervention with ASE. These findings indicated that ASE participates in the pyrimidine metabolism by significantly regulating the balance between dCTP and dTTP. In addition, ASE repaired and promoted the lipid metabolism in rats, which might be due to the significant expression of Dgkz, Chat, and Gpcpd1. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that ASE regulates the significant changes in gene expression in metabolites pyrimidine, and lipid metabolism in CIR rats and plays an active role in the treatment of CIR injury through multiple targets and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Hao Chen
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330002, China
| | - Wei-Dong Du
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330002, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Li
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330002, China; Nanchang Key Laboratory of Active Ingredients of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Dong-Xu Wang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330002, China
| | - Shi-Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yu-Lin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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11
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Khoshniazi H, Eshghi H, Tayarani-Najjaran M, Tayarani-Najaran Z, Saadat K, Shiri A. Synthesis and antiproliferative assessments of new derivatives of isothiazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine. J Sulphur Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2020.1841192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Khoshniazi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Eshghi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Tayarani-Najjaran
- Department of Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Zahra Tayarani-Najaran
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kayvan Saadat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Shiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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12
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Rymen D, Lindhout M, Spanou M, Ashrafzadeh F, Benkel I, Betzler C, Coubes C, Hartmann H, Kaplan JD, Ballhausen D, Koch J, Lotte J, Mohammadi MH, Rohrbach M, Dinopoulos A, Wermuth M, Willis D, Brugger K, Wevers RA, Boltshauser E, Bierau J, Mayr JA, Wortmann SB. Expanding the clinical and genetic spectrum of CAD deficiency: an epileptic encephalopathy treatable with uridine supplementation. Genet Med 2020; 22:1589-1597. [PMID: 32820246 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-0933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Biallelic CAD variants underlie CAD deficiency (or early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-50, [EIEE-50]), an error of pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis amenable to treatment via the uridine salvage pathway. We further define the genotype and phenotype with a focus on treatment. METHODS Retrospective case series of 20 patients. RESULTS Our study confirms CAD deficiency as a progressive EIEE with recurrent status epilepticus, loss of skills, and dyserythropoietic anemia. We further refine the phenotype by reporting a movement disorder as a frequent feature, and add that milder courses with isolated developmental delay/intellectual disability can occur as well as onset with neonatal seizures. With no biomarker available, the diagnosis relies on genetic testing and functional validation in patient-derived fibroblasts. Underlying pathogenic variants are often rated as variants of unknown significance, which could lead to underrecognition of this treatable disorder. Supplementation with uridine, uridine monophosphate, or uridine triacetate in ten patients was safe and led to significant clinical improvement in most patients. CONCLUSION We advise a trial with uridine (monophosphate) in all patients with developmental delay/intellectual disability, epilepsy, and anemia; all patients with status epilepticus; and all patients with neonatal seizures until (genetically) proven otherwise or proven unsuccessful after 6 months. CAD deficiency might represent a condition for genetic newborn screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Rymen
- Metabolic Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martijn Lindhout
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Spanou
- 3rd Paediatric Department, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Farah Ashrafzadeh
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ira Benkel
- Klinik für Kinderneurologie und Kinderneurologisches Zentrum, EEG, Sana Kliniken Düsseldorf GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Cornelia Betzler
- Clinic for Neuropediatrics and Neurological Rehabilitation, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth, Germany.,Institute for Transition, Rehabilitation and Palliation, Paracelsus Private Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christine Coubes
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Hans Hartmann
- Clinic for Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julie D Kaplan
- Nemours A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Wilmington, Delaware, DE, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Diana Ballhausen
- Pediatric unit for metabolic diseases, Woman-Mother-Child Department, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Koch
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jan Lotte
- Clinic for Neuropediatrics and Neurological Rehabilitation, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth, Germany
| | | | - Marianne Rohrbach
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Marieke Wermuth
- Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Germany
| | - Daniel Willis
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Karin Brugger
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ron A Wevers
- Department Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eugen Boltshauser
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jörgen Bierau
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Mayr
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Saskia B Wortmann
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria. .,Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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13
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Löffler M, Carrey EA, Knecht W. The pathway to pyrimidines: The essential focus on dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the mitochondrial enzyme coupled to the respiratory chain. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 39:1281-1305. [PMID: 32043431 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2020.1723625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper is based on the Anne Simmonds Memorial Lecture, given by Monika Löffler at the International Symposium on Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism in Man, Lyon 2019. It is dedicated to H. Anne Simmonds (died 2010) - a founding member of the ESSPPMM, since 2003 Purine and Pyrimidine Society - and her outstanding contributions to the identification and study of inborn errors of purine and pyrimidine metabolism. The distinctive intracellular arrangement of pyrimidine de novo synthesis in higher eukaryotes is important to cells with a high demand for nucleic acid synthesis. The proximity of the enzyme active sites and the resulting channeling in CAD and UMP synthase is of kinetic benefit. The intervening enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is located in the mitochondrion with access to the ubiquinone pool, thus ensuring efficient removal of redox equivalents through the constitutive activity of the respiratory chain, also a mechanism through which the input of 2 ATP for carbamylphosphate synthesis is balanced by Oxphos. The obligatory contribution of O2 to de novo UMP synthesis means that DHODH has a pivotal role in adapting the proliferative capacity of cells to different conditions of oxygenation, such as hypoxia in growing tumors. DHODH also is a validated drug target in inflammatory diseases. This survey of selected topics of personal interest and reflection spans some 40 years of our studies from tumor cell cultures under hypoxia to in vitro assays including purification from mitochondria, localization, cloning, expression, biochemical characterization, crystallisation, kinetics and inhibition patterns of eukaryotic DHODH enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Löffler
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Knecht
- Department of Biology & Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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14
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Ara I, Basdouri Z, Falvello LR, Graia M, Guerra P, Tomás M. Tetra- n-butyl-ammonium orotate monohydrate: knowledge-based comparison of the results of accurate and lower-resolution analyses and a non-routine disorder refinement. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2019; 75:1632-1637. [PMID: 31709081 PMCID: PMC6829738 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989019013380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The title hydrated mol-ecular salt (systematic name: tetra-n-butyl-ammonium 2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetra-hydro-pyrimidine-4-carboxyl-ate monohydrate), C16H36N+·C5H3N2O4 -·H2O, crystallizes with N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen-bonded double-stranded anti-parallel ribbons consisting of the hydro-philic orotate monoanions and water mol-ecules, separated by the bulky hydro-phobic cations. The hydro-phobic and hydro-philic regions of the structure are joined by weaker non-classical C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. An accurate structure analysis conducted at T = 100 K is compared to a lower-resolution less accurate determination using data measured at T = 295 K. The results of both analyses are evaluated using a knowledge-based approach, and it is found that the less accurate room-temperature structure analysis provides geometric data that are similar to those derived from the accurate low-temperature analysis, with both sets of results consistent with previously analyzed structures. A minor disorder of one methyl group in the cation at low temperature was found to be slightly more complex at room temperature; while still involving a minor fraction of the structure, the disorder at room temperature was found to require a non-routine treatment, which is described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ara
- Instituto de Síntesis Quimica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), C.S.I.C.-University of Zaragoza, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Zeineb Basdouri
- Laboratoire de Matériaux, Cristallochimie et Thermodynamique Appliquée, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Larry R. Falvello
- University of Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mohsen Graia
- Laboratoire de Matériaux, Cristallochimie et Thermodynamique Appliquée, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
- Université de Sfax, Faculté de Sciences de Sfax, Route de la Soukra Km 4, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Pablo Guerra
- University of Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Milagros Tomás
- Instituto de Síntesis Quimica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), C.S.I.C.-University of Zaragoza, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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15
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Kim S, Jang WJ, Yu H, Ryu IS, Jeong CH, Lee S. Integrated Non-targeted and Targeted Metabolomics Uncovers Dynamic Metabolic Effects during Short-Term Abstinence in Methamphetamine Self-Administering Rats. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3913-3925. [PMID: 31525931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Persistent neurochemical disturbances by repeating drug reward and withdrawal lead to addiction. Particularly, drug withdrawal, usually starting within hours of the last dose, is considered as a critical step in the transition to addiction and a treatment clue. The aim of this study was to uncover metabolic effects associated with methamphetamine (MA) short-term abstinence using both non-targeted and targeted metabolomics. Metabolic alterations were investigated in rat plasma collected immediately after 16 days of MA self-administration and after 12 and 24 h of abstinence. Principal component analysis revealed that the highest level of separation occurred between the 24 h and saline (control) groups based on the significantly changed ion features, 257/320/333 and 331/409/388, in the SA/12 h/24 h groups in positive and negative modes of UPLC-QTOF-ESI-MS, respectively. Targeted metabolomics revealed dynamic changes in the biosynthesis/metabolism of amino acids, including the phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis and the valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis. Integrating non-targeted and targeted metabolomics data uncovered rapid and distinct changes in the metabolic pathways involved in energy metabolism, the nervous system, and membrane lipid metabolism. These findings provide essential knowledge of the dynamic metabolic effects associated with short-term MA abstinence and may help identify early warning signs of MA dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Kim
- College of Pharmacy , Keimyung University , 1095 Dalgubeoldaero , Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601 , Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jun Jang
- College of Pharmacy , Keimyung University , 1095 Dalgubeoldaero , Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Yu
- New Drug Development Center , 123 Osongsaengmyeongro, Osong-eup , Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju , Chungcheongbuk-do 28160 , Republic of Korea
| | - In Soo Ryu
- Substance Abuse Pharmacology Group , Korea Institute of Toxicology , 141 Gajeong-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daegeon , 34114 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Jeong
- College of Pharmacy , Keimyung University , 1095 Dalgubeoldaero , Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy , Keimyung University , 1095 Dalgubeoldaero , Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601 , Republic of Korea
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16
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Pesini A, Iglesias E, Bayona-Bafaluy MP, Garrido-Pérez N, Meade P, Gaudó P, Jiménez-Salvador I, Andrés-Benito P, Montoya J, Ferrer I, Pesini P, Ruiz-Pesini E. Brain pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis and Alzheimer disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:8433-8462. [PMID: 31560653 PMCID: PMC6814620 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Many patients suffering late-onset Alzheimer disease show a deficit in respiratory complex IV activity. The de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway connects with the mitochondrial respiratory chain upstream from respiratory complex IV. We hypothesized that these patients would have decreased pyrimidine nucleotide levels. Then, different cell processes for which these compounds are essential, such as neuronal membrane generation and maintenance and synapses production, would be compromised. Using a cell model, we show that inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation function reduces neuronal differentiation. Linking these processes to pyrimidine nucleotides, uridine treatment recovers neuronal differentiation. To unmask the importance of these pathways in Alzheimer disease, we firstly confirm the existence of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway in adult human brain. Then, we report altered mRNA levels for genes from both de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and pyrimidine salvage pathways in brain from patients with Alzheimer disease. Thus, uridine supplementation might be used as a therapy for those Alzheimer disease patients with low respiratory complex IV activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Pesini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eldris Iglesias
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Pilar Bayona-Bafaluy
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Garrido-Pérez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Meade
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paula Gaudó
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Irene Jiménez-Salvador
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pol Andrés-Benito
- Departamento de Patología y Terapéutica Experimental, Universidad de Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Montoya
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Departamento de Patología y Terapéutica Experimental, Universidad de Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo Ruiz-Pesini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Fundación ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain
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