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Lindsey AR, Tennessen JM, Gelaw MA, Jones MW, Parish AJ, Newton IL, Nemkov T, D'Alessandro A, Rai M, Stark N. The intracellular symbiont Wolbachia alters Drosophila development and metabolism to buffer against nutritional stress. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.01.20.524972. [PMID: 36711506 PMCID: PMC9882369 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.20.524972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular bacterium Wolbachia is a common symbiont of many arthropods and nematodes, well studied for its impacts on host reproductive biology. However, its broad success as a vertically transmitted infection cannot be attributed to manipulations of host reproduction alone. Using the Drosophila melanogaster model and their natively associated Wolbachia strain " w Mel", we show that Wolbachia infection supports fly development and buffers against nutritional stress. Wolbachia infection across several fly genotypes and a range of nutrient conditions resulted in reduced pupal mortality, increased adult emergence, and larger size. We determined that the exogenous supplementation of pyrimidines partially rescued developmental phenotypes in the Wolbachia -free flies, and that Wolbachia titers were responsive to reduced gene expression of the fly's de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway. In parallel, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses indicated that Wolbachia impacts larval biology far beyond pyrimidine metabolism. Wolbachia -infected larvae had strong signatures of shifts in glutathione and mitochondrial metabolism, plus significant changes in the expression of key developmental regulators including Notch , the insulin receptor ( lnR ), and the juvenile hormone receptor Methoprene-tolerant ( Met ). We propose that Wolbachia acts as a beneficial symbiont to support fly development and enhance host fitness, especially during periods of nutrient stress. SIGNIFICANCE Wolbachia is a bacterial symbiont of arthropods and nematodes, well described for its manipulations of arthropod reproduction. However, many have theorized there must be more to this symbiosis, even in well-studied Wolbachia- host relationships such as with Drosophila . Reproductive impacts alone cannot explain the success and ubiquity of this bacterium. Here, we use Drosophila melanogaster and their native Wolbachia infections to show that Wolbachia supports fly development and significantly buffers flies against nutritional stress. These developmental advantages might help explain the ubiquity of Wolbachia infections.
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Marín M, López M, Gallego-Yerga L, Álvarez R, Peláez R. Experimental structure based drug design (SBDD) applications for anti-leishmanial drugs: A paradigm shift? Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1055-1120. [PMID: 38142308 DOI: 10.1002/med.22005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of neglected tropical diseases caused by at least 20 species of Leishmania protozoa, which are spread by the bite of infected sandflies. There are three main forms of the disease: cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL, the most common), visceral leishmaniasis (VL, also known as kala-azar, the most serious), and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. One billion people live in areas endemic to leishmaniasis, with an annual estimation of 30,000 new cases of VL and more than 1 million of CL. New treatments for leishmaniasis are an urgent need, as the existing ones are inefficient, toxic, and/or expensive. We have revised the experimental structure-based drug design (SBDD) efforts applied to the discovery of new drugs against leishmaniasis. We have grouped the explored targets according to the metabolic pathways they belong to, and the key achieved advances are highlighted and evaluated. In most cases, SBDD studies follow high-throughput screening campaigns and are secondary to pharmacokinetic optimization, due to the majoritarian belief that there are few validated targets for SBDD in leishmaniasis. However, some SBDD strategies have significantly contributed to new drug candidates against leishmaniasis and a bigger number holds promise for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Marín
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta López
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura Gallego-Yerga
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raquel Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rafael Peláez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
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He Y, Zhou J, Gao H, Liu C, Zhan P, Liu X. Broad-spectrum antiviral strategy: Host-targeting antivirals against emerging and re-emerging viruses. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116069. [PMID: 38160620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Viral infections are amongst the most prevalent diseases that pose a significant threat to human health. Targeting viral proteins or host factors represents two primary strategies for the development of antiviral drugs. In contrast to virus-targeting antivirals (VTAs), host-targeting antivirals (HTAs) offer advantages in terms of overcoming drug resistance and effectively combating a wide range of viruses, including newly emerging ones. Therefore, targeting host factors emerges as an extremely promising strategy with the potential to address critical challenges faced by VTAs. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the discovery and development of HTAs, leading to the approval of maraviroc, a chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) antagonist used for the treatment of HIV-1 infected individuals, with several other potential treatments in various stages of development for different viral infections. This review systematically summarizes advancements made in medicinal chemistry regarding various host targets and classifies them into four distinct catagories based on their involvement in the viral life cycle: virus attachment and entry, biosynthesis, nuclear import and export, and viral release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jiahui Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Huizhan Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Chuanfeng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Bellin L, Melzer M, Hilo A, Garza Amaya DL, Keller I, Meurer J, Möhlmann T. Nucleotide Limitation Results in Impaired Photosynthesis, Reduced Growth and Seed Yield Together with Massively Altered Gene Expression. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1494-1510. [PMID: 37329302 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide limitation and imbalance is a well-described phenomenon in animal research but understudied in the plant field. A peculiarity of pyrimidine de novo synthesis in plants is the complex subcellular organization. Here, we studied two organellar localized enzymes in the pathway, with chloroplast aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATC) and mitochondrial dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). ATC knock-downs were most severely affected, exhibiting low levels of pyrimidine nucleotides, a low energy state, reduced photosynthetic capacity and accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, altered leaf morphology and chloroplast ultrastructure were observed in ATC mutants. Although less affected, DHODH knock-down mutants showed impaired seed germination and altered mitochondrial ultrastructure. Thus, DHODH might not only be regulated by respiration but also exert a regulatory function on this process. Transcriptome analysis of an ATC-amiRNA line revealed massive alterations in gene expression with central metabolic pathways being downregulated and stress response and RNA-related pathways being upregulated. In addition, genes involved in central carbon metabolism, intracellular transport and respiration were markedly downregulated in ATC mutants, being most likely responsible for the observed impaired growth. We conclude that impairment of the first committed step in pyrimidine metabolism, catalyzed by ATC, leads to nucleotide limitation and by this has far-reaching consequences on metabolism and gene expression. DHODH might closely interact with mitochondrial respiration, as seen in delayed germination, which is the reason for its localization in this organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Bellin
- Pflanzenphysiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, Kaiserslautern D-67663, Germany
| | - Michael Melzer
- Leibniz Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, Seeland, OT Gatersleben 06466, Germany
| | - Alexander Hilo
- Leibniz Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, Seeland, OT Gatersleben 06466, Germany
| | - Diana Laura Garza Amaya
- Pflanzenphysiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, Kaiserslautern D-67663, Germany
| | - Isabel Keller
- Pflanzenphysiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, Kaiserslautern D-67663, Germany
| | - Jörg Meurer
- Plant Sciences, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Torsten Möhlmann
- Pflanzenphysiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, Kaiserslautern D-67663, Germany
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Sexauer AN, Alexe G, Gustafsson K, Zanetakos E, Milosevic J, Ayres M, Gandhi V, Pikman Y, Stegmaier K, Sykes DB. DHODH: a promising target in the treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood Adv 2023; 7:6685-6701. [PMID: 37648673 PMCID: PMC10641474 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with relapsed or refractory T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) have a poor prognosis with few therapeutic options. With the goal of identifying novel therapeutic targets, we used data from the Dependency Map project to identify dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) as one of the top metabolic dependencies in T-ALL. DHODH catalyzes the fourth step of de novo pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. Small molecule inhibition of DHODH rapidly leads to the depletion of intracellular pyrimidine pools and forces cells to rely on extracellular salvage. In the absence of sufficient salvage, this intracellular nucleotide starvation results in the inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis, cell cycle arrest, and, ultimately, death. T lymphoblasts appear to be specifically and exquisitely sensitive to nucleotide starvation after DHODH inhibition. We have confirmed this sensitivity in vitro and in vivo in 3 murine models of T-ALL. We identified that certain subsets of T-ALL seem to have an increased reliance on oxidative phosphorylation when treated with DHODH inhibitors. Through a series of metabolic assays, we show that leukemia cells, in the setting of nucleotide starvation, undergo changes in their mitochondrial membrane potential and may be more highly dependent on alternative fuel sources. The effect on normal T-cell development in young mice was also examined to show that DHODH inhibition does not permanently damage the developing thymus. These changes suggest a new metabolic vulnerability that may distinguish these cells from normal T cells and other normal hematopoietic cells and offer an exploitable therapeutic opportunity. The availability of clinical-grade DHODH inhibitors currently in human clinical trials suggests a potential for rapidly advancing this work into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy N. Sexauer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Gabriela Alexe
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Karin Gustafsson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Elizabeth Zanetakos
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jelena Milosevic
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Mary Ayres
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Varsha Gandhi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yana Pikman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - David B. Sykes
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
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Lin X, Zhou W, Liu Z, Cao W, Lin C. Targeting cellular metabolism in head and neck cancer precision medicine era: A promising strategy to overcome therapy resistance. Oral Dis 2023; 29:3101-3120. [PMID: 36263514 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is among the most prevalent cancer worldwide, with the most severe impact on quality of life of patients. Despite the development of multimodal therapeutic approaches, the clinical outcomes of HNSCC are still unsatisfactory, mainly caused by relatively low responsiveness to treatment and severe drug resistance. Metabolic reprogramming is currently considered to play a pivotal role in anticancer therapeutic resistance. This review aimed to define the specific metabolic programs and adaptations in HNSCC therapy resistance. An extensive literature review of HNSCC was conducted via the PubMed including metabolic reprogramming, chemo- or immune-therapy resistance. Glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism are closely related to the malignant biological characteristics of cancer, anti-tumor drug resistance, and adverse clinical results. For HNSCC, pyruvate, lactate and almost all lipid categories are related to the occurrence and maintenance of drug resistance, and targeting amino acid metabolism can prevent tumor development and enhance the response of drug-resistant tumors to anticancer therapy. This review will provide a better understanding of the altered metabolism in therapy resistance of HNSCC and promote the development of new therapeutic strategies against HNSCC, thereby contribute to a more efficacious precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Lin
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenkai Zhou
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheqi Liu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Nursing, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengzhong Lin
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- The 2nd Dental Center, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Luganini A, Sibille G, Pavan M, Mello Grand M, Sainas S, Boschi D, Lolli ML, Chiorino G, Gribaudo G. Mechanisms of antiviral activity of the new hDHODH inhibitor MEDS433 against respiratory syncytial virus replication. Antiviral Res 2023; 219:105734. [PMID: 37852322 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of acute lower respiratory infections, for which no effective drugs are currently available. The development of new effective anti-RSV agents is therefore an urgent priority, and Host-Targeting Antivirals (HTAs) can be considered to target RSV infections. As a contribution to this antiviral avenue, we have characterized the molecular mechanisms of the anti-RSV activity of MEDS433, a new inhibitor of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH), a key cellular enzyme of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. MEDS433 was found to exert a potent antiviral activity against RSV-A and RSV-B in the one-digit nanomolar range. Analysis of the RSV replication cycle in MEDS433-treated cells, revealed that the hDHODH inhibitor suppressed the synthesis of viral genome, consistently with its ability to specifically target hDHODH enzymatic activity. Then, the capability of MEDS433 to induce the expression of antiviral proteins encoded by Interferon-Stimulated Genes (ISGs) was identified as a second mechanism of its antiviral activity against RSV. Indeed, MEDS433 stimulated secretion of IFN-β and IFN-λ1 that, in turn, induced the expression of some ISG antiviral proteins, such as IFI6, IFITM1 and IRF7. Singly expression of these ISG proteins reduced RSV-A replication, thus likely contributing to the overall anti-RSV activity of MEDS433. Lastly, MEDS433 proved to be effective against RSV-A replication even in a primary human small airway epithelial cell model. Taken as a whole, these observations provide new insights for further development of MEDS433, as a promising candidate to develop new strategies for treatment of RSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Luganini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Sibille
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Pavan
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Sainas
- Department of Drug Sciences and Technology, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Donatella Boschi
- Department of Drug Sciences and Technology, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco L Lolli
- Department of Drug Sciences and Technology, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Gribaudo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy.
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Yang P, Yuan Y, Sun Y, Lv B, Du H, Zhou Z, Yang Z, Liu X, Duan H, Shen C. The Host Protein CAD Regulates the Replication of FMDV through the Function of Pyrimidines' De Novo Synthesis. J Virol 2023; 97:e0036923. [PMID: 37162335 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00369-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a single-stranded picornavirus that causes economically devastating disease in even-hooved animals. There has been little research on the function of host cells during FMDV infection. We aimed to shed light on key host factors associated with FMDV replication during acute infection. We found that HDAC1 overexpression in host cells induced upregulation of FMDV RNA and protein levels. Activation of the AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway using bpV(HOpic) or SC79 also promoted FMDV replication. Furthermore, short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-induced suppression of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase (CAD), a transcription factor downstream of the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, resulted in downregulation of FMDV RNA and protein levels. Coimmunoprecipitation assays showed that the ACTase domain of CAD could interact with the FMDV 2C protein, suggesting that the ACTase domain of CAD may be critical in FMDV replication. CAD proteins participate in de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Inhibition of FMDV replication by deletion of the ACTase domain of CAD in host cells could be reversed by supplementation with uracil. These results revealed that the contribution of the CAD ACTase domain to FMDV replication is dependent on de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Our research shows that HDAC1 promotes FMDV replication by regulating de novo pyrimidine synthesis from CAD via the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. IMPORTANCE Foot-and-mouth disease virus is an animal virus of the Picornaviridae family that seriously harms the development of animal husbandry and foreign trade of related products, and there is still a lack of effective means to control its harm. Replication complexes would generate during FMDV replication to ensure efficient replication cycles. 2C is a common viral protein in the replication complex of Picornaviridae virus, which is thought to be an essential component of membrane rearrangement and viral replication complex formation. The host protein CAD is a key protein in the pyrimidines de novo synthesis. In our research, the interaction of CAD and FMDV 2C was demonstrated in FMDV-infected BHK-21 cells, and it colocalized with 2C in the replication complex. The inhibition of the expression of FMDV 3D protein through interference with CAD and supplementation with exogenous pyrimidines reversed this inhibition, suggesting that FMDV might recruit CAD through the 2C protein to ensure pyrimidine supply during replication. In addition, we also found that FMDV infection decreased the expression of the host protein HDAC1 and ultimately inhibited CAD activity through the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. These results revealed a unique means of counteracting the virus in BHK-21 cells lacking the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway. In conclusion, our study provides some potential targets for the development of drugs against FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuncong Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yidan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bonan Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Du
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuang Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huimin Duan
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Sibille G, Luganini A, Sainas S, Boschi D, Lolli ML, Gribaudo G. The Novel hDHODH Inhibitor MEDS433 Prevents Influenza Virus Replication by Blocking Pyrimidine Biosynthesis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102281. [PMID: 36298835 PMCID: PMC9611833 DOI: 10.3390/v14102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological management of influenza virus (IV) infections still poses a series of challenges due to the limited anti-IV drug arsenal. Therefore, the development of new anti-influenza agents effective against antigenically different IVs is therefore an urgent priority. To meet this need, host-targeting antivirals (HTAs) can be evaluated as an alternative or complementary approach to current direct-acting agents (DAAs) for the therapy of IV infections. As a contribution to this antiviral strategy, in this study, we characterized the anti-IV activity of MEDS433, a novel small molecule inhibitor of the human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH), a key cellular enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. MEDS433 exhibited a potent antiviral activity against IAV and IBV replication, which was reversed by the addition of exogenous uridine and cytidine or the hDHODH product orotate, thus indicating that MEDS433 targets notably hDHODH activity in IV-infected cells. When MEDS433 was used in combination either with dipyridamole (DPY), an inhibitor of the pyrimidine salvage pathway, or with an anti-IV DAA, such as N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), synergistic anti-IV activities were observed. As a whole, these results indicate MEDS433 as a potential HTA candidate to develop novel anti-IV intervention approaches, either as a single agent or in combination regimens with DAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Sibille
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Anna Luganini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Sainas
- Department of Sciences and Drug Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Donatella Boschi
- Department of Sciences and Drug Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Lucio Lolli
- Department of Sciences and Drug Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gribaudo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6704648
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10
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New Insights into the Interaction of Class II Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenases with Ubiquinone in Lipid Bilayers as a Function of Lipid Composition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052437. [PMID: 35269583 PMCID: PMC8910288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The fourth enzymatic reaction in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, the oxidation of dihydroorotate to orotate, is catalyzed by dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). Enzymes belonging to the DHODH Class II are membrane-bound proteins that use ubiquinones as their electron acceptors. We have designed this study to understand the interaction of an N-terminally truncated human DHODH (HsΔ29DHODH) and the DHODH from Escherichia coli (EcDHODH) with ubiquinone (Q10) in supported lipid membranes using neutron reflectometry (NR). NR has allowed us to determine in situ, under solution conditions, how the enzymes bind to lipid membranes and to unambiguously resolve the location of Q10. Q10 is exclusively located at the center of all of the lipid bilayers investigated, and upon binding, both of the DHODHs penetrate into the hydrophobic region of the outer lipid leaflet towards the Q10. We therefore show that the interaction between the soluble enzymes and the membrane-embedded Q10 is mediated by enzyme penetration. We can also show that EcDHODH binds more efficiently to the surface of simple bilayers consisting of 1-palmitoyl, 2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine, and tetraoleoyl cardiolipin than HsΔ29DHODH, but does not penetrate into the lipids to the same degree. Our results also highlight the importance of Q10, as well as lipid composition, on enzyme binding.
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11
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Orozco Rodriguez JM, Wacklin-Knecht H, Knecht W. Protein-lipid interactions of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and three mutants associated with Miller syndrome. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 41:1337-1358. [PMID: 35184687 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2039393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the fourth step of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway and uses ubiquinone Q10, a lipophilic molecule located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), as its co-substrate. DHODH is anchored to the IMM by a single transmembrane helix located at its N-terminus. Nevertheless, how DHODH function is determined by its surrounding membrane environment and protein-lipid interactions, as well as the mechanism by which ubiquinone Q10 accesses the active site of DHODH from within the membrane are still largely unknown. Here, we describe the interaction between wild-type DHODH and three DHODH mutants associated with Miller syndrome and lipids using enzymatic assays, thermal stability assays and Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). Our results provide evidence indicating that the N-terminal part of human DHODH is not only a structural element for mitochondrial import and location of DHODH, but also influences enzymatic activity and utilization of ubiquinone Q10 and ubiquinone analogues in in vitro assays. They also support the role of tetraoleoyl cardiolipin as a lipid interacting with DHODH. Additionally, the results from QCM-D show that the Miller syndrome mutants studied differ in their interactions with supported lipid bilayers compared to wild-type DHODH. These altered interactions add another dimension to the effects of mutations found in Miller syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation of the protein-lipid interactions of DHODH variants associated with Miller syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna Wacklin-Knecht
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,European Spallation Source ERIC, Lund, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Knecht
- Department of Biology & Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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12
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Malla B, Liotta A, Bros H, Ulshöfer R, Paul F, Hauser AE, Niesner R, Infante-Duarte C. Teriflunomide Preserves Neuronal Activity and Protects Mitochondria in Brain Slices Exposed to Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031538. [PMID: 35163469 PMCID: PMC8835718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Teriflunomide (TFN) limits relapses in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) by reducing lymphocytic proliferation through the inhibition of the mitochondrial enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and the subsequent modulation of de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Alterations of mitochondrial function as a consequence of oxidative stress have been reported during neuroinflammation. Previously, we showed that TFN prevents alterations of mitochondrial motility caused by oxidative stress in peripheral axons. Here, we aimed to validate TFN effects on mitochondria and neuronal activity in hippocampal brain slices, in which cellular distribution and synaptic circuits are largely preserved. TFN effects on metabolism and neuronal activity were investigated by assessing oxygen partial pressure and local field potential in acute slices. Additionally, we imaged mitochondria in brain slices from the transgenic Thy1-CFP/COX8A)S2Lich/J (mitoCFP) mice using two-photon microscopy. Although TFN could not prevent oxidative stress-related depletion of ATP, it preserved oxygen consumption and neuronal activity in CNS tissue during oxidative stress. Furthermore, TFN prevented mitochondrial shortening and fragmentation of puncta-shaped and network mitochondria during oxidative stress. Regarding motility, TFN accentuated the decrease in mitochondrial displacement and increase in speed observed during oxidative stress. Importantly, these effects were not associated with neuronal viability and did not lead to axonal damage. In conclusion, during conditions of oxidative stress, TFN preserves the functionality of neurons and prevents morphological and motility alterations of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimala Malla
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (B.M.); (H.B.); (R.U.)
| | - Agustin Liotta
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie mit Schwerpunkt Operative Intensivmedizin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Helena Bros
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (B.M.); (H.B.); (R.U.)
| | - Rebecca Ulshöfer
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (B.M.); (H.B.); (R.U.)
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), MDC for Molecular Medicine and Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), MDC for Molecular Medicine and Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja E. Hauser
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.E.H.); (R.N.)
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Raluca Niesner
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.E.H.); (R.N.)
- Dynamic and Functional In Vivo Imaging, Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (B.M.); (H.B.); (R.U.)
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), MDC for Molecular Medicine and Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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13
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Coenzyme Q at the Hinge of Health and Metabolic Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111785. [PMID: 34829656 PMCID: PMC8615162 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q is a unique lipidic molecule highly conserved in evolution and essential to maintaining aerobic metabolism. It is endogenously synthesized in all cells by a very complex pathway involving a group of nuclear genes that share high homology among species. This pathway is tightly regulated at transcription and translation, but also by environment and energy requirements. Here, we review how coenzyme Q reacts within mitochondria to promote ATP synthesis and also integrates a plethora of metabolic pathways and regulates mitochondrial oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q is also located in all cellular membranes and plasma lipoproteins in which it exerts antioxidant function, and its reaction with different extramitochondrial oxidoreductases contributes to regulate the cellular redox homeostasis and cytosolic oxidative stress, providing a key factor in controlling various apoptosis mechanisms. Coenzyme Q levels can be decreased in humans by defects in the biosynthesis pathway or by mitochondrial or cytosolic dysfunctions, leading to a highly heterogeneous group of mitochondrial diseases included in the coenzyme Q deficiency syndrome. We also review the importance of coenzyme Q levels and its reactions involved in aging and age-associated metabolic disorders, and how the strategy of its supplementation has had benefits for combating these diseases and for physical performance in aging.
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14
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Pyrimidine Biosynthetic Enzyme CAD: Its Function, Regulation, and Diagnostic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910253. [PMID: 34638594 PMCID: PMC8508918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
CAD (Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, Aspartate transcarbamoylase, and Dihydroorotase) is a multifunctional protein that participates in the initial three speed-limiting steps of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. Over the past two decades, extensive investigations have been conducted to unmask CAD as a central player for the synthesis of nucleic acids, active intermediates, and cell membranes. Meanwhile, the important role of CAD in various physiopathological processes has also been emphasized. Deregulation of CAD-related pathways or CAD mutations cause cancer, neurological disorders, and inherited metabolic diseases. Here, we review the structure, function, and regulation of CAD in mammalian physiology as well as human diseases, and provide insights into the potential to target CAD in future clinical applications.
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15
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Reigle J, Secic D, Biesiada J, Wetzel C, Shamsaei B, Chu J, Zang Y, Zhang X, Talbot NJ, Bischoff ME, Zhang Y, Thakar CV, Gaitonde K, Sidana A, Bui H, Cunningham JT, Zhang Q, Schmidt LS, Linehan WM, Medvedovic M, Plas DR, Figueroa JAL, Meller J, Czyzyk-Krzeska MF. Tobacco smoking induces metabolic reprogramming of renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140522. [PMID: 32970633 DOI: 10.1172/jci140522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common histologically defined renal cancer. However, it is not a uniform disease and includes several genetic subtypes with different prognoses. ccRCC is also characterized by distinctive metabolic reprogramming. Tobacco smoking (TS) is an established risk factor for ccRCC, with unknown effects on tumor pathobiology.METHODSWe investigated the landscape of ccRCCs and paired normal kidney tissues using integrated transcriptomic, metabolomic, and metallomic approaches in a cohort of white males who were long-term current smokers (LTS) or were never smokers (NS).RESULTSAll 3 Omics domains consistently identified a distinct metabolic subtype of ccRCCs in LTS, characterized by activation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) coupled with reprogramming of the malate-aspartate shuttle and metabolism of aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, and histidine. Cadmium, copper, and inorganic arsenic accumulated in LTS tumors, showing redistribution among intracellular pools, including relocation of copper into the cytochrome c oxidase complex. A gene expression signature based on the LTS metabolic subtype provided prognostic stratification of The Cancer Genome Atlas ccRCC tumors that was independent of genomic alterations.CONCLUSIONThe work identified the TS-related metabolic subtype of ccRCC with vulnerabilities that can be exploited for precision medicine approaches targeting metabolic pathways. The results provided rationale for the development of metabolic biomarkers with diagnostic and prognostic applications using evaluation of OXPHOS status. The metallomic analysis revealed the role of disrupted metal homeostasis in ccRCC, highlighting the importance of studying effects of metals from e-cigarettes and environmental exposures.FUNDINGDepartment of Defense, Veteran Administration, NIH, ACS, and University of Cincinnati Cancer Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Reigle
- Department of Cancer Biology and.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Dina Secic
- Department of Cancer Biology and.,Agilent Metallomics Center of the Americas, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati College of Arts and Science, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jacek Biesiada
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Collin Wetzel
- Department of Cancer Biology and.,Rieveschl Laboratories for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati College of Arts and Science, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Behrouz Shamsaei
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Yuanwei Zang
- Department of Cancer Biology and.,Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, and
| | | | | | - Yongzhen Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology and.,Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Charuhas V Thakar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Cincinnati Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Krishnanath Gaitonde
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Abhinav Sidana
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Hai Bui
- Cincinnati Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laura S Schmidt
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Julio A Landero Figueroa
- Agilent Metallomics Center of the Americas, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati College of Arts and Science, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and System Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jarek Meller
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and System Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Maria F Czyzyk-Krzeska
- Department of Cancer Biology and.,Cincinnati Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and System Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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16
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Calistri A, Luganini A, Mognetti B, Elder E, Sibille G, Conciatori V, Del Vecchio C, Sainas S, Boschi D, Montserrat N, Mirazimi A, Lolli ML, Gribaudo G, Parolin C. The New Generation hDHODH Inhibitor MEDS433 Hinders the In Vitro Replication of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Human Coronaviruses. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081731. [PMID: 34442810 PMCID: PMC8398173 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although coronaviruses (CoVs) have long been predicted to cause zoonotic diseases and pandemics with high probability, the lack of effective anti-pan-CoVs drugs rapidly usable against the emerging SARS-CoV-2 actually prevented a promptly therapeutic intervention for COVID-19. Development of host-targeting antivirals could be an alternative strategy for the control of emerging CoVs infections, as they could be quickly repositioned from one pandemic event to another. To contribute to these pandemic preparedness efforts, here we report on the broad-spectrum CoVs antiviral activity of MEDS433, a new inhibitor of the human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH), a key cellular enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. MEDS433 inhibited the in vitro replication of hCoV-OC43 and hCoV-229E, as well as of SARS-CoV-2, at low nanomolar range. Notably, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of MEDS433 against SARS-CoV-2 was also observed in kidney organoids generated from human embryonic stem cells. Then, the antiviral activity of MEDS433 was reversed by the addition of exogenous uridine or the product of hDHODH, the orotate, thus confirming hDHODH as the specific target of MEDS433 in hCoVs-infected cells. Taken together, these findings suggest MEDS433 as a potential candidate to develop novel drugs for COVID-19, as well as broad-spectrum antiviral agents exploitable for future CoVs threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Calistri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.C.); (V.C.); (C.D.V.); (C.P.)
| | - Anna Luganini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy; (A.L.); (B.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Barbara Mognetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy; (A.L.); (B.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Elizabeth Elder
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, 17182 Solna, Sweden; (E.E.); (A.M.)
| | - Giulia Sibille
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy; (A.L.); (B.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Valeria Conciatori
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.C.); (V.C.); (C.D.V.); (C.P.)
| | - Claudia Del Vecchio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.C.); (V.C.); (C.D.V.); (C.P.)
| | - Stefano Sainas
- Department of Sciences and Drug Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (S.S.); (D.B.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Donatella Boschi
- Department of Sciences and Drug Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (S.S.); (D.B.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Nuria Montserrat
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ali Mirazimi
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, 17182 Solna, Sweden; (E.E.); (A.M.)
- Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Clinical Microbiology, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- National Veterinary Institute, 75189 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marco Lucio Lolli
- Department of Sciences and Drug Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (S.S.); (D.B.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Giorgio Gribaudo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy; (A.L.); (B.M.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6704648
| | - Cristina Parolin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.C.); (V.C.); (C.D.V.); (C.P.)
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17
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Battaglia S, De Santis S, Rutigliano M, Sallustio F, Picerno A, Frassanito MA, Schaefer I, Vacca A, Moschetta A, Seibel P, Battaglia M, Villani G. Uridine and pyruvate protect T cells' proliferative capacity from mitochondrial toxic antibiotics: a clinical pilot study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12841. [PMID: 34145306 PMCID: PMC8213784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein or nucleic acid synthesis and function can exert an off-target action on mitochondria (mitotoxic antibiotics), making actively dividing mammalian cells dependent on uridine and pyruvate supplementation. Based on this rationale, we carried out, for the first time, a randomized pilot study in 55 patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria or positive sperm culture, each treated with a single mitotoxic antibiotic with or without oral supplementation of uridine + pyruvate (Uripyr, Mitobiotix, Italy). The in vivo and ex vivo data show a a 3.4-fold higher value in the differential (before and after the antibiotic treatment) lymphocytes count and a 3.7-fold increase in the percentage of dividing T cells, respectively, in the Uripyr vs the control group. Our findings lay the groundwork to enhance the synergy between antibiotics and the immune system in order to optimize the administration protocols and widen the application potentials of antibiotic therapies as well as to re-evaluate old "forgotten" molecules to fight bacterial infections in the antibiotics resistance era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Battaglia
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy.,Department of Emergency and Organ Transplants, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania De Santis
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Rutigliano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplants, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Sallustio
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Picerno
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplants, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Antonia Frassanito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Ingo Schaefer
- Molecular Cell Therapy, BBZ, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Peter Seibel
- Molecular Cell Therapy, BBZ, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michele Battaglia
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplants, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Villani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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18
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Zhou Y, Tao L, Zhou X, Zuo Z, Gong J, Liu X, Zhou Y, Liu C, Sang N, Liu H, Zou J, Gou K, Yang X, Zhao Y. DHODH and cancer: promising prospects to be explored. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:22. [PMID: 33971967 PMCID: PMC8107416 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a flavin-dependent mitochondrial enzyme catalyzing the fourth step in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway. It is originally a target for the treatment of the non-neoplastic diseases involving in rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, and is re-emerging as a validated therapeutic target for cancer therapy. In this review, we mainly unravel the biological function of DHODH in tumor progression, including its crucial role in de novo pyrimidine synthesis and mitochondrial respiratory chain in cancer cells. Moreover, various DHODH inhibitors developing in the past decades are also been displayed, and the specific mechanism between DHODH and its additional effects are illustrated. Collectively, we detailly discuss the association between DHODH and tumors in recent years here, and believe it will provide significant evidences and potential strategies for utilizing DHODH as a potential target in preclinical and clinical cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zeping Zuo
- The Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaocong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chunqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Na Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huan Liu
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kun Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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19
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Ruggiero A, Katsenelson M, Slutsky I. Mitochondria: new players in homeostatic regulation of firing rate set points. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:605-618. [PMID: 33865626 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Neural circuit functions are stabilized by homeostatic processes at long timescales in response to changes in behavioral states, experience, and learning. However, it remains unclear which specific physiological variables are being stabilized and which cellular or neural network components compose the homeostatic machinery. At this point, most evidence suggests that the distribution of firing rates among neurons in a neuronal circuit is the key variable that is maintained around a set-point value in a process called 'firing rate homeostasis.' Here, we review recent findings that implicate mitochondria as central players in mediating firing rate homeostasis. While mitochondria are known to regulate neuronal variables such as synaptic vesicle release or intracellular calcium concentration, the mitochondrial signaling pathways that are essential for firing rate homeostasis remain largely unknown. We used basic concepts of control theory to build a framework for classifying possible components of the homeostatic machinery that stabilizes firing rate, and we particularly emphasize the potential role of sleep and wakefulness in this homeostatic process. This framework may facilitate the identification of new homeostatic pathways whose malfunctions drive instability of neural circuits in distinct brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Ruggiero
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maxim Katsenelson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inna Slutsky
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
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20
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Zhi HY, Zhao L, Lee CC, Chen CYC. A Novel Graph Neural Network Methodology to Investigate Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors in Small Cell Lung Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030477. [PMID: 33806898 PMCID: PMC8005042 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a particularly aggressive tumor subtype, and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) has been demonstrated to be a therapeutic target for SCLC. Network pharmacology analysis and virtual screening were utilized to find out related proteins and investigate candidates with high docking capacity to multiple targets. Graph neural networks (GNNs) and machine learning were used to build reliable predicted models. We proposed a novel concept of multi-GNNs, and then built three multi-GNN models called GIAN, GIAT, and SGCA, which achieved satisfactory results in our dataset containing 532 molecules with all R^2 values greater than 0.92 on the training set and higher than 0.8 on the test set. Compared with machine learning algorithms, random forest (RF), and support vector regression (SVR), multi-GNNs had a better modeling effect and higher precision. Furthermore, the long-time 300 ns molecular dynamics simulation verified the stability of the protein–ligand complexes. The result showed that ZINC8577218, ZINC95618747, and ZINC4261765 might be the potentially potent inhibitors for DHODH. Multi-GNNs show great performance in practice, making them a promising field for future research. We therefore suggest that this novel concept of multi-GNNs is a promising protocol for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yi Zhi
- Artificial Intelligence Medical Center, School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 510275, China; (H.-Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lu Zhao
- Artificial Intelligence Medical Center, School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 510275, China; (H.-Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Cheng-Chun Lee
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan;
| | - Calvin Yu-Chian Chen
- Artificial Intelligence Medical Center, School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 510275, China; (H.-Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan;
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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21
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Goodman K, Mitchell M, Evans AM, Miller LAD, Ford L, Wittmann B, Kennedy AD, Toal D. Assessment of the effects of repeated freeze thawing and extended bench top processing of plasma samples using untargeted metabolomics. Metabolomics 2021; 17:31. [PMID: 33704583 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01782-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical metabolomics has utility as a screen for inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) and variant classification in patients with rare disease. It is important to understand and characterize preanalytical factors that influence assay performance during patient sample testing. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of extended thawing of human EDTA plasma samples on ice prior to extraction as well as repeated freeze-thaw cycling of samples to identify compounds that are unstable prior to metabolomic analysis. METHODS Twenty-four (24) donor EDTA plasma samples were collected and immediately frozen at - 80 °C. Twelve samples were thawed on ice and extracted for analysis at time 0, 2, 4, and 6 h. Twelve other donor samples were repeatedly thawed and frozen up to four times and analyzed at each cycle. Compound levels at each time point/freeze-thaw cycle were compared to the control samples using matched-paired t tests to identify analytes affected by each condition. RESULTS We identified 1026 biochemicals across all samples. Incubation of thawed EDTA plasma samples on ice for up to 6 h resulted in < 1% of biochemicals changing significantly. Freeze-thaw cycles affected a greater percentage of the metabolome; ~ 2% of biochemicals changed after 3 freeze-thaw cycles. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights that the number and magnitude of these changes are not as widespread as other aspects of improper sample handling. In total, < 3% of the metabolome detected on our clinical metabolomics platform should be disqualified when multiple freeze-thaw cycles or extended thawing at 4 °C are performed on a given sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli Goodman
- Metabolon, 617 Davis Drive, Suite 100, Morrisville, NC, 27560, USA
| | - Matthew Mitchell
- Metabolon, 617 Davis Drive, Suite 100, Morrisville, NC, 27560, USA
| | - Anne M Evans
- Metabolon, 617 Davis Drive, Suite 100, Morrisville, NC, 27560, USA
| | - Luke A D Miller
- Metabolon, 617 Davis Drive, Suite 100, Morrisville, NC, 27560, USA
| | - Lisa Ford
- Metabolon, 617 Davis Drive, Suite 100, Morrisville, NC, 27560, USA
| | - Bryan Wittmann
- Metabolon, 617 Davis Drive, Suite 100, Morrisville, NC, 27560, USA
| | - Adam D Kennedy
- Metabolon, 617 Davis Drive, Suite 100, Morrisville, NC, 27560, USA
| | - Douglas Toal
- Metabolon, 617 Davis Drive, Suite 100, Morrisville, NC, 27560, USA.
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22
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Zhang Y, Luo T, Ding X, Chang Y, Liu C, Zhang Y, Hao S, Yin Q, Jiang B. Inhibition of mitochondrial complex III induces differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 547:162-168. [PMID: 33610916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Although acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous disease with diverse genetic subsets, one hallmark of AML blasts is myeloid differentiation blockade. Extensive evidence has indicated that differentiation induction therapy represents a promising treatment strategy. Here, we identified that the pharmacological inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex III by antimycin A inhibits proliferation and promotes cellular differentiation of AML cells. Mechanistically, we showed that the inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a rate-limiting enzyme in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, is involved in antimycin A-induced differentiation. The activity of antimycin A could be reversed by supplement of excessive amounts of exogenous uridine as well as orotic acid, the product of DHODH. Furthermore, we also found that complex III inhibition exerts a synergistic effect in differentiation induction combined with DHODH inhibitor brequinar as well as with the pyrimidine salvage pathway inhibitor dipyridamole. Collectively, our study uncovered the link between mitochondrial complex III and AML differentiation and may provide further insight into the potential application of mitochondrial complex III inhibitor as a mono or combination treatment in differentiation therapy of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ting Luo
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xinyu Ding
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - YungTing Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Chuanxu Liu
- Department of Hematology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Siguo Hao
- Department of Hematology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Qianqian Yin
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Biao Jiang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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23
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Qiu X, Jiang S, Xiao Y, He Y, Ren T, Jiang L, Liu R, Chen Q. SOX2-dependent expression of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase regulates oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation. Int J Oral Sci 2021; 13:3. [PMID: 33510132 PMCID: PMC7844284 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-00109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) become a heavy burden of public health, with approximately 300 000 newly diagnosed cases and 145 000 deaths worldwide per year. Nucleotide metabolism fuel DNA replication and RNA synthesis, which is indispensable for cell proliferation. But how tumor cells orchestrate nucleotide metabolic enzymes to support their rapid growth is largely unknown. Here we show that expression of pyrimidine metabolic enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is upregulated in OSCC tissues, compared to non-cancerous adjacent tissues. Enhanced expression of DHODH is correlated with a shortened patient survival time. Inhibition of DHODH by either shRNA or selective inhibitors impairs proliferation of OSCC cells and growth of tumor xenograft. Further, loss of functional DHODH imped de novo pyrimidine synthesis, and disrupt mitochondrial respiration probably through destabilizing the MICOS complex. Mechanistic study shows that transcriptional factor SOX2 plays an important role in the upregulation of DHODH in OSCC. Our findings add to the knowledge of how cancer cells co-opt nucleotide metabolism to support their rapid growth, and thereby highlight DHODH as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- Ministry of science and technology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital), Chengdu, China
| | - Yanxuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumin He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Oncology Department, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
| | - Lu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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24
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Cuthbertson CR, Guo H, Kyani A, Madak JT, Arabzada Z, Neamati N. The Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Brequinar Is Synergistic with ENT1/2 Inhibitors. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:1242-1252. [PMID: 33344900 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor brequinar failed all clinical trials for solid tumors. To investigate mechanisms to increase brequinar's efficacy, we employed a combination strategy to simultaneously inhibit the nucleotide salvage pathways. Brequinar is synergistic with the equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT) inhibitor dipyridamole, but not the concentrative nucleoside transporter inhibitor phlorizin. This synergy carries over to ENT1/2 inhibition, but not ENT4. Our previously described brequinar analogue 41 was also synergistic with dipyridamole as were the FDA-approved DHODH inhibitors leflunomide and teriflunomide but the latter required much higher concentrations than brequinar. Therefore, a combination of brequinar and ENT inhibitors presents a potential anti-cancer strategy in select tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine R Cuthbertson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Armita Kyani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Joseph T Madak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zahra Arabzada
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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