1
|
Besaratinia A, Blumenfeld H, Tommasi S. Exploring the Utility of Long Non-Coding RNAs for Assessing the Health Consequences of Vaping. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8554. [PMID: 39126120 PMCID: PMC11313266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarette (e-cig) use, otherwise known as "vaping", is widespread among adolescent never-smokers and adult smokers seeking a less-harmful alternative to combustible tobacco products. To date, however, the long-term health consequences of vaping are largely unknown. Many toxicants and carcinogens present in e-cig vapor and tobacco smoke exert their biological effects through epigenetic changes that can cause dysregulation of disease-related genes. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as prime regulators of gene expression in health and disease states. A large body of research has shown that lncRNAs regulate genes involved in the pathogenesis of smoking-associated diseases; however, the utility of lncRNAs for assessing the disease-causing potential of vaping remains to be fully determined. A limited but growing number of studies has shown that lncRNAs mediate dysregulation of disease-related genes in cells and tissues of vapers as well as cells treated in vitro with e-cig aerosol extract. This review article provides an overview of the evolution of e-cig technology, trends in use, and controversies on the safety, efficacy, and health risks or potential benefits of vaping relative to smoking. While highlighting the importance of lncRNAs in cell biology and disease, it summarizes the current and ongoing research on the modulatory effects of lncRNAs on gene regulation and disease pathogenesis in e-cig users and in vitro experimental settings. The gaps in knowledge are identified, priorities for future research are highlighted, and the importance of empirical data for tobacco products regulation and public health is underscored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Besaratinia
- Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, M/C 9603, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (H.B.); (S.T.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alabi OA, Adeoluwa YM, Bakare AA. Elevated Serum Pb, Ni, Cd, and Cr Levels and DNA Damage in Exfoliated Buccal Cells of Teenage Scavengers at a Major Electronic Waste Dumpsite in Lagos, Nigeria. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 194:24-33. [PMID: 31104299 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01745-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the levels of Pb, Ni, Cd, and Cr in the blood, and DNA damage in exfoliated buccal cavity of scavenging teenagers at Alaba International electronic market, Nigeria. One hundred and ninety-nine blood samples were collected from scavenging teenagers in Alaba International market (n = 95) and the control group (n = 104). Blood Pb, Ni, Cd, and Cr concentrations were analyzed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Genotoxicity assessment was through exfoliated buccal cell micronucleus assay, while questionnaire was used to collect data on factors that can contribute to the blood heavy metal levels. The blood Pb of scavenging teenagers from Alaba International market varied from 2.84 to 189.44 μg/L compared to the control group with a range of 0.01 to 4.21 μg/L. The blood Cd (range = 0.38-12.35 μg/L), Cr (range = 0.20-19.03 μg/L), and Ni (range = 0.24-21.01 μg/L) were higher significantly in the Alaba group compared to the control group (Cd: range = 0.00-0.96 μg/L; Cr: range = 0.01-0.72 μg/L; and Ni: range = 0.00-0.28 μg/L). Frequencies of micronucleus, karyolysis, and pycnosis in the exfoliated buccal cells in Alaba group also increased significantly compared with the control group. Spearman correlation analyses indicated a positive correlation between the blood Pb, Ni, Cd, and Cr and induced micronucleus in the buccal exfoliated cells. Furthermore, data showed a positive correlation between Pb, Ni, Cd, and Cr and the duration of scavenging of the teenagers. However, a negative correlation was observed between educational status and Pb, Ni, Cd, and Cr. E-waste indiscriminate disposal and primitive recycling processes may be responsible for the high blood heavy metal levels, and consequently an increased DNA damage in exfoliated buccal cells in scavenging teenagers at Alaba International market. Graphical Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Okunola A Alabi
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
| | - Yetunde M Adeoluwa
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Adekunle A Bakare
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alp G, Çakmak G, Sert M, Burgaz Y. Corrosion potential in artificial saliva and possible genotoxic and cytotoxic damage in buccal epithelial cells of patients who underwent Ni-Cr based porcelain-fused-to-metal fixed dental prostheses. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 827:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
4
|
Benvindo-Souza M, Assis RA, Oliveira EAS, Borges RE, Santos LRDS. The micronucleus test for the oral mucosa: global trends and new questions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:27724-27730. [PMID: 29152700 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study reviews global trends in the publication of papers on the micronucleus test of the exfoliated cells of the oral mucosa in mammals as an approach for environmental biomonitoring. This test has been widely used due to its precision for the detection of chromosome damage. Our temporal analysis showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the publication of papers on the oral mucosa over the past 33 years. Brazil was the country that published most papers (24% of the total), followed by India (16%), the USA (10%), Mexico (7%), and Turkey (6%). A further 30 countries contributed the other 37% of the papers. Overall, 99% of the micronucleus studies involved human subjects, and only 1% involved other mammals. As many wild mammals are subject to the same environmental pressures as humans, in particular chemical pollution, it seems likely that many species are equally susceptible to genotoxicogical damage. We emphasize the importance of applying this technique to the analysis of the oral mucosa of wild mammals, as well as the evaluation of its effectiveness, as observed in humans, and the expansion of the available approaches to the monitoring of environmental quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelino Benvindo-Souza
- Laboratório de Biologia Animal, Instituto Federal Goiano, IF Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Rhayane Alves Assis
- Laboratório de Biologia Animal, Instituto Federal Goiano, IF Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Eliane Andreia Santos Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Animal, Instituto Federal Goiano, IF Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Rinneu Elias Borges
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Rio Verde, UniRV, Fazenda Fontes do Saber, Rio Verde, GO, CEP: 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Lia Raquel de Souza Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Animal, Instituto Federal Goiano, IF Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Derici Eker E, Koyuncu H, Şahin NÖ, Yüksel A, Berköz M, Budak Diler S, Altan Akgül S. Determination of Genotoxic Effects of Hookah Smoking by Micronucleus and Chromosome Aberration Methods. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:4490-4494. [PMID: 27869111 PMCID: PMC5120646 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of a hookah (a type of water pipe) is a traditional way of smoking tobacco, particularly in the Middle East. In Turkey, its popularity has been growing in recent years, especially among young people. It is known that cigarette smoking has genotoxic effects and causes mutations, but no comprehensive study has been done on the genotoxic effects of hookah usage, particularly in Turkey. MATERIAL AND METHODS We collected peripheral blood/buccal smear samples from 30 subjects who did not smoke cigarettes but who regularly smoke a hookah an average of 2 times per week, and from 30 control subjects who had never smoked cigarettes or a hookah. Chromosome analyses were performed on the samples obtained from peripheral blood of each individual, 25 metaphase plaques were counted for each, and chromosome/chromatid breakage/gap parameters were evaluated. Micronucleus analysis was done on buccal smear samples and micronucleus/binucleus parameters were investigated by counting 2000 cells of each individual. RESULTS Chromosome breakage ratios were found to be 0.64±0.86 and 0.46±0.71 in the study and control groups, respectively, while chromatid breakage ratios were 0.53±0.83 and 0.53±0.71; fragment ratios were 0.82±1.24 and 0.21±0.49 (p<0.05); and gap ratios were 0.57±0.83 and 0.18±0.53 (p<0.05), respectively. Micronucleus ratio was 6.03±2.06 and 4.43±2.27 (p<0.05) in the study and control groups, respectively, and binucleus ratios were 8.53±3.23 and 12.15±5.18, respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Results of our study reveal significant statistical differences between the individuals who smoked hookah and those who did not in terms of fragment, gap, micronucleus, and binucleus parameters, suggesting that smoking a hookah may cause genotoxic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Derici Eker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Hayri Koyuncu
- Pharmacy of Hayribey, Tozkoparan Street, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Nefise Özlen Şahin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Altan Yüksel
- Pharmacy of Bilgi, Cumhuriyet Street, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Berköz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yüzüncüyıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Songul Budak Diler
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Niğde University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Sema Altan Akgül
- Boehringer Ingelheim Site Coordinator, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Can SS, Selek S. The effect of smokeless tobacco “Maras powder” on treatment outcomes of anxiety disorder: a longitudinal study. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/14659891.2014.916355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
7
|
Bakan B, Özkan F, Sucakli MH, Bilal Ö, Gümüsalan Y. The Osteoporotic Effect of Maras Powder (Turkish Smokeless Tobacco) Consumption in Healthy Males. J Phys Ther Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1589/jpts.24.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Betül Bakan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Sütçü Imam University
| | - Fuat Özkan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Sütçü Imam University
| | | | - Ökkes Bilal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Sütçü Imam University
| | - Yakup Gümüsalan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Sütçü Imam University
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cytogenetic alterations in buccal mucosa cells of chewers of areca nut and tobacco. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 56:63-7. [PMID: 20863483 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE the rationale of the study was to evaluate the cytological alterations especially micronucleus (MN) and other nuclear anomalies in buccal mucosa cells of chewers to understand the genotoxic and clastogenic potential of chewing mixture (containing areca nut and tobacco as main ingredients). METHODS the buccal cytome assay involves the examination of epithelial smear to determine micronucleated cell and other nuclear anomalies after the Feulgen plus light green staining. The assay was applied to exfoliated buccal mucosa cells of 262 subjects [non-chewers - 161 and chewers - 101 (includes 20 subjects with OSMF)] and 1000 cells per individual were examined microscopically. Nuclear anomalies were compared among chewers, non-chewers and OSMF subjects and correlated with consumption of quids per day and duration of chewing in years. RESULTS MN cells were found significantly (p<0.0001) higher among chewers and OSMF subjects as compared to non-chewers. Further analysis indicated that MN was significantly higher in OSMF subjects with respect to even chewers. Nuclear buds were significantly higher (p<0.0001) in OSMF subjects as compared to chewers as well as non-chewers. Nuclear anomalies viz. binucleated, karyorrhexis and karyolysis were also considerably higher in OSMF subjects as compared to non-chewers. CONCLUSION the MN and other nuclear anomalies reflected genetic damage and cytotoxicity, associated with tobacco and areca nut consumption. Further, these data reveal a risk for development of OSMF among chewers of mixture containing areca nut and/or tobacco, as all the OSMF subjects were chewers.
Collapse
|
9
|
Micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations in healthy tobacco chewers and controls: A study from Gujarat, India. ARCHIVE OF ONCOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.2298/aoo0902007p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tobacco chewing is attributed to oral cancer. Prediction of cancer development by genotoxicity analysis is a major challenge to identify tobacco users at greater risk. Therefore, present study aimed to analyze tobacco related genotoxic effects in chewers monitoring micronuclei (MN) and chromosome aberrations (CA). The biomarkers were compared with non chewer to (i) predict risk for genotoxicity, (ii) estimate synergistic effect of tobacco exposure with level of biomarkers, and (iii) identify best cellular site of measurements for genotoxicity assessment. Methods: Healthy tobacco chewers (n=47); and controls (n=48) were enrolled in the study. The peripheral blood lymphocyte and exfoliated buccal mucosa cells were studied for CA and micro nucleated cell count (MNC) respectively. An arbitrary unit was obtained for Lifetime Tobacco Exposure (LTE) using frequency/day multiplied by duration of years of tobacco use. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Results: MNC was significantly higher (p=0.001) in chewers than controls. CA was higher in chewers than controls. MNC can differentiate higher tobacco exposure in chewers than CA. Controls having MNC above cutoff level have greater risk of genotoxic exposition (95% C.I.; 1.462-23.26, p=0.012). Conclusion: The present study concludes that MNC is a better surrogate biomarker to predict genotoxicity than CA for tobacco exposure and DNA damage index in tobacco chewers.
Collapse
|