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Mohammadian Y, Nasirzadeh N. Toxicity risks of occupational exposure in 3D printing and bioprinting industries: A systematic review. Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 37:573-584. [PMID: 34399648 DOI: 10.1177/07482337211031691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
3-Dimensional (3D) printing and bioprinting are the new technologies. In 3D printing, synthetic polymers such as acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene, polylactic acid, nylon, and some metals are used as feedstocks. During 3D printing, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nanoparticles can be released. In the bioprinting process, natural polymers are most commonly used. All of these materials have direct and indirect toxic effects in exposed people. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of toxicity risks due to occupational exposure to pollutants in the 3D printing and bioprinting industries. The Cochrane review method was used as a guideline for systematic review. Articles were searched in the databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. This systematic review showed that VOCs and ultra-fine particles are often released in fused deposition modeling and selective laser sintering, respectively. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, allergic rhinitis, and DNA damage were observed in occupational exposure to synthetic polymers. Metal nanoparticles can induce adverse health effects on the respiratory and nervous systems. This study emphasized the need to further study the toxicity of 3D printing and bioprinting-induced air pollutants. Also, consideration of safety and health principles is necessary in 3D printing and bioprinting workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Mohammadian
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, 48432Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Nasirzadeh
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, 48439Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Akbari-Alavijeh S, Shaddel R, Jafari SM. In vivo assessments for predicting the bioavailability of nanoencapsulated food bioactives and the safety of nanomaterials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7460-7478. [PMID: 33938781 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1915239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Use of nano-sized materials to design novel delivery systems is actually a double-edged sword regarding the enhancement of absorption and bioavailability of encapsulated bioactives as well as the unpredictable phenomena inside the living cells causing health concerns. So, comprehensive investigations on the use of nanomaterials in foods and their biological fate are needed. To reach this goal, both in vitro and in vivo techniques have been extensively applied. Besides the in vitro models such as cell culture and yeast/bacteria, different live animal models like mice, rat, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Zebrafish and dog can be applied to study bioavailability and safety of nanodelivery systems. However, considering the low correlation between the achieved results of in vitro and in vivo assays, in vivo tests are the first priority due to providing a real physiological condition. On the other hand, uncorrelated results by in vivo assays represent a serious problem to compare them. To defeat the issues in setting an in vivo research for the nanodelivery systems, all restrictions and FDA regulations is likely to be considered to improve the assays authenticity. This review takes a comprehensive look at the different types of in vivo assays and model organisms that has been utilized for the investigation of bioavailability, release profile and possible toxicity of food-based nanomaterials so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoura Akbari-Alavijeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Rezvan Shaddel
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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Huang Y, Dan N, Dan W, Zhao W. Reinforcement of Polycaprolactone/Chitosan with Nanoclay and Controlled Release of Curcumin for Wound Dressing. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:22292-22301. [PMID: 31909312 PMCID: PMC6941175 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel clay-reinforced polycaprolactone/chitosan/curcumin (PCl/CS/Clay/Cur) composite film was fabricated in this study. The prepared Cur-loading composite films were characterized with attenuated total reflection Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, water contact angle, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction, and the results showed good dispersion of clay in the composite films. The addition of nanoclay was found to significantly increase the tensile strength. Also, the clay-enhanced drug-loading films exhibited better controlled-release profiles of Cur than those membranes without clay. Skin disinfection test demonstrated that the curcumin-loaded film could protect wound from bacterial infection. Cytotoxicity analysis proved the good biocompatibility of the composite films. The clay-enhanced Cur-loading films might be promising candidates for wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Huang
- College
of Biomass Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Leather
Chemistry and Engineering of the Education Ministry, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, and College of Polymer
Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Nianhua Dan
- College
of Biomass Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Leather
Chemistry and Engineering of the Education Ministry, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, and College of Polymer
Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Weihua Dan
- College
of Biomass Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Leather
Chemistry and Engineering of the Education Ministry, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, and College of Polymer
Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- College
of Biomass Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Leather
Chemistry and Engineering of the Education Ministry, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, and College of Polymer
Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Bhuyan D, Greene GW, Das RK. Prospects and application of nanobiotechnology in food preservation: molecular perspectives. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:759-778. [PMID: 31167574 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1616668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Applications of biotechnological tools in food preservation have shown promising results in minimizing food spoilage. Design and development of highly efficient food preservatives are one of the key success factors in this application field. However, due to the inherent shortcomings of the bulk forms of such preservatives, research was in progress to find suitable alternatives to replace conventional modalities. The intervention of nanotechnology has made this approach feasible in almost every aspect of food preservation. This interface domain of nanobiotechnology has been very well explored in the last few decades and vast literature has been reported. Researchers have developed efficient nanopreservatives (NPRs) for diverse applications. However, the literature available on nano-based food preservation is not inclusive of molecular perspectives involved in food preservation. There is a large knowledge gap in the interface domain concerning the physics of intermolecular and interfacial forces and nanotechnology which play decisive roles in designing edible coatings (ECs). There is an urgent need for identifying the nano and molecular level contributing factors for developing efficient NPRs. Moreover, it is imperative to understand the possible health impact of NPRs in public interest and concern. This review revisits the fundamental aspects of food preservation and navigates through the applicability, safety, molecular aspects and future direction of NPRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devangana Bhuyan
- a TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre , The Energy and Resources Institute , Gual Pahari , Haryana , India.,b Institute for Frontier Materials , Deakin University , Melbourne , Australia
| | | | - Ratul Kumar Das
- a TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre , The Energy and Resources Institute , Gual Pahari , Haryana , India
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Bandyopadhyay J, Ray SS. Are nanoclay-containing polymer composites safe for food packaging applications?-An overview. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayita Bandyopadhyay
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research; Pretoria 0001 South Africa
| | - Suprakas Sinha Ray
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research; Pretoria 0001 South Africa
- Department of Applied Chemistry; University of Johannesburg; Doornfontein 2028 South Africa
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Wagner A, White AP, Tang MC, Agarwal S, Stueckle TA, Rojanasakul Y, Gupta RK, Dinu CZ. Incineration of Nanoclay Composites Leads to Byproducts with Reduced Cellular Reactivity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10709. [PMID: 30013129 PMCID: PMC6048035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Addition of nanoclays into a polymer matrix leads to nanocomposites with enhanced properties to be used in plastics for food packaging applications. Because of the plastics' high stored energy value, such nanocomposites make good candidates for disposal via municipal solid waste plants. However, upon disposal, increased concerns related to nanocomposites' byproducts potential toxicity arise, especially considering that such byproducts could escape disposal filters to cause inhalation hazards. Herein, we investigated the effects that byproducts of a polymer polylactic acid-based nanocomposite containing a functionalized montmorillonite nanoclay (Cloisite 30B) could pose to human lung epithelial cells, used as a model for inhalation exposure. Analysis showed that the byproducts induced toxic responses, including reductions in cellular viability, changes in cellular morphology, and cytoskeletal alterations, however only at high doses of exposure. The degree of dispersion of nanoclays in the polymer matrix appeared to influence the material characteristics, degradation, and ultimately toxicity. With toxicity of the byproduct occurring at high doses, safety protocols should be considered, along with deleterious effects investigations to thus help aid in safer, yet still effective products and disposal strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alixandra Wagner
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Andrew P White
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Man Chio Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Sushant Agarwal
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Todd A Stueckle
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Rakesh K Gupta
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Cerasela Zoica Dinu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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Correa JP, Molina V, Sanchez M, Kainz C, Eisenberg P, Massani MB. Improving ham shelf life with a polyhydroxybutyrate/polycaprolactone biodegradable film activated with nisin. Food Packag Shelf Life 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Mellado-García P, Puerto M, Prieto AI, Pichardo S, Martín-Cameán A, Moyano R, Blanco A, Cameán AM. Genotoxicity of a thiosulfonate compound derived from Allium sp. intended to be used in active food packaging: In vivo comet assay and micronucleus test. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 800-801:1-11. [PMID: 27085469 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Components of Allium species have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. A commercial Allium sp. extract (Proallium AP(®)), of which the main constituent is propyl thiosulphinate oxide (PTSO), is being used in the development of active food packaging. In previous in vitro genotoxicity studies, PTSO, in the presence of metabolic activation, increased the appearance of micronuclei (MN). We assessed the genotoxicity PTSO in rats following oral administration (doses: 5.5, 17.4, and 55mg/kg). The comet assay in liver and stomach (OECD 489) and the MN assay in bone marrow (OECD 474) were carried out. After necropsy, histopathological examinations of the liver and the stomach were performed. The results revealed no in vivo genotoxicity and the histopathological analysis showed only slight modifications, such as increased glycogen storage in the liver and a degenerative process in stomach, with vacuolization of cell membranes, only at the highest dose. Therefore, the present work confirms that this compound is not genotoxic and could be considered as a natural alternative to synthetic preservatives used in the food packaging industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Mellado-García
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - María Puerto
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Ana I Prieto
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Silvia Pichardo
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Martín-Cameán
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Rosario Moyano
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alfonso Blanco
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Anatomy, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana M Cameán
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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10
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Maisanaba S, Pichardo S, Puerto M, Gutiérrez-Praena D, Cameán AM, Jos A. Toxicological evaluation of clay minerals and derived nanocomposites: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 138:233-254. [PMID: 25732897 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Clays and clay minerals are widely used in many facets of our society. This review addresses the main clays of each phyllosilicate groups, namely, kaolinite, montmorillonite (Mt) and sepiolite, placing special emphasis on Mt and kaolinite, which are the clays that are more frequently used in food packaging, one of the applications that are currently exhibiting higher development. The improvements in the composite materials obtained from clays and polymeric matrices are remarkable and well known, but the potential toxicological effects of unmodified or modified clay minerals and derived nanocomposites are currently being investigated with increased interest. In this sense, this work focused on a review of the published reports related to the analysis of the toxicological profile of commercial and novel modified clays and derived nanocomposites. An exhaustive review of the main in vitro and in vivo toxicological studies, antimicrobial activity assessments, and the human and environmental impacts of clays and derived nanocomposites was performed. From the analysis of the scientific literature different conclusions can be derived. Thus, in vitro studies suggest that clays in general induce cytotoxicity (with dependence on the clay, concentration, experimental system, etc.) with different underlying mechanisms such as necrosis/apoptosis, oxidative stress or genotoxicity. However, most of in vivo experiments performed in rodents showed no clear evidences of systemic toxicity even at doses of 5000mg/kg. Regarding to humans, pulmonary exposure is the most frequent, and although clays are usually mixed with other minerals, they have been reported to induce pneumoconiosis per se. Oral exposure is also common both intentionally and unintentionally. Although they do not show a high toxicity through this pathway, toxic effects could be induced due to the increased or reduced exposure to mineral elements. Finally, there are few studies about the effects of clay minerals on wildlife, with laboratory trials showing contradictory outcomes. Clay minerals have different applications in the environment, thus with a strict control of the concentrations used, they can provide beneficial uses. Despite the extensive number of reports available, there is also a need of systematic in vitro-in vivo extrapolation studies, with still scarce information on toxicity biomarkers such as inmunomodulatory effects or alteration of the genetic expression. In conclusion, a case by case toxicological evaluation is required taking into account that different clays have their own toxicological profiles, their modification can change this profile, and the potential increase of the human/environmental exposure to clay minerals due to their novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Maisanaba
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Silvia Pichardo
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Puerto
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana M Cameán
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Angeles Jos
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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