1
|
Lash LH. Renal Glutathione: Dual roles as antioxidant protector and bioactivation promoter. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116181. [PMID: 38556029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The tripeptide glutathione (GSH) possesses two key structural features, namely the nucleophilic sulfur and the γ-glutamyl isopeptide bond. The former allows GSH to serve as a critical antioxidant and anti-electrophile. The latter allows GSH to translocate throughout the systemic circulation without being degraded. The kidneys exhibit several unique processes for handling GSH. This includes the extraction of 80% of plasma GSH, in part by glomerular filtration but mostly by transport across the basolateral plasma membrane. Studies on the protective effect of exogenous GSH are summarized, showing the different inherent susceptibility of proximal tubular and distal tubular cells and the impact on pathological or disease states, including hypoxia, diabetic nephropathy, and compensatory renal growth associated with uninephrectomy. Studies on mitochondrial GSH transport show the coordination between the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation in generating driving forces for both plasma membrane and mitochondrial carriers. The strong protective effects of increasing expression and activity of these carriers against oxidants and mitochondrial toxicants are summarized. Although GSH plays a cytoprotective role in most situations, two distinct exceptions to this are presented. In contrast to expectations, overexpression of the mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate carrier markedly increased cell death from exposure to the nephrotoxic chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin (CDDP). Another key example of GSH serving a bioactivation role in the kidneys, rather than a detoxification role, is the metabolism of halogenated alkenes such as trichloroethylene (TCE). Although considerable research has gone into this topic, unanswered questions and emerging topics remain and are discussed.
Collapse
|
2
|
Model systems and organisms for addressing inter- and intra-species variability in risk assessment. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 132:105197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
3
|
Boysen G, Rusyn I, Chiu WA, Wright FA. Characterization of population variability of 1,3-butadiene derived protein adducts in humans and mice. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 132:105171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
4
|
De Miranda BR, Greenamyre JT. Trichloroethylene, a ubiquitous environmental contaminant in the risk for Parkinson's disease. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:543-554. [PMID: 31996877 PMCID: PMC7941732 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00578a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic solvents are common chemicals used in industry throughout the world, however, there is evidence for adverse health effects from exposure to these compounds. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a halogenated solvent that has been used as a degreasing agent since the early 20th century. Due to its widespread use, TCE remains one of the most significant environmental contaminants in the US, and extensive research suggests TCE is a causative factor in a number of diseases, including cancer, fetal cardiac development, and neurotoxicity. TCE has also been implicated as a possible risk factor in the development of the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, Parkinson's disease (PD). However, there is variable concordance across multiple occupational epidemiological studies assessing TCE (or solvent) exposure and risk for PD. In addition, there remains a degree of uncertainty about how TCE elicits toxicity to the dopaminergic system. To this end, we review the specific neurotoxic mechanisms of TCE in the context of selective vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons. In addition, we consider the complexity of combined risk factors that ultimately contribute to neurodegeneration and discuss the limitations of single-factor exposure assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Briana R De Miranda
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, BST-7045, Pittsburgh, 15260, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Axelrad DA, Setzer RW, Bateson TF, DeVito M, Dzubow RC, Fitzpatrick JW, Frame AM, Hogan KA, Houck K, Stewart M. Methods for evaluating variability in human health dose-response characterization. HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT : HERA 2019; 25:1-24. [PMID: 31404325 PMCID: PMC6688638 DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2019.1615828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The Reference Dose (RfD) and Reference Concentration (RfC) are human health reference values (RfVs) representing exposure concentrations at or below which there is presumed to be little risk of adverse effects in the general human population. The 2009 National Research Council report Science and Decisions recommended redefining RfVs as "a risk-specific dose (for example, the dose associated with a 1 in 100,000 risk of a particular end point)." Distributions representing variability in human response to environmental contaminant exposures are critical for deriving risk-specific doses. Existing distributions estimating the extent of human toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic variability are based largely on controlled human exposure studies of pharmaceuticals. New data and methods have been developed that are designed to improve estimation of the quantitative variability in human response to environmental chemical exposures. Categories of research with potential to provide new database useful for developing updated human variability distributions include controlled human experiments, human epidemiology, animal models of genetic variability, in vitro estimates of toxicodynamic variability, and in vitro-based models of toxicokinetic variability. In vitro approaches, with further development including studies of different cell types and endpoints, and approaches to incorporate non-genetic sources of variability, appear to provide the greatest opportunity for substantial near-term advances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Axelrad
- Office of Policy, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - R. Woodrow Setzer
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Thomas F. Bateson
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael DeVito
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C. Dzubow
- Office of Children’s Health Protection, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Julie W. Fitzpatrick
- Office of the Science Advisor, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alicia M. Frame
- Office of Land and Emergency Management, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Karen A. Hogan
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Keith Houck
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Michael Stewart
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luo YS, Furuya S, Soldatov VY, Kosyk O, Yoo HS, Fukushima H, Lewis L, Iwata Y, Rusyn I. Metabolism and Toxicity of Trichloroethylene and Tetrachloroethylene in Cytochrome P450 2E1 Knockout and Humanized Transgenic Mice. Toxicol Sci 2019; 164:489-500. [PMID: 29897530 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) are structurally similar olefins that can cause liver and kidney toxicity. Adverse effects of these chemicals are associated with metabolism to oxidative and glutathione conjugation moieties. It is thought that CYP2E1 is crucial to the oxidative metabolism of TCE and PCE, and may also play a role in formation of nephrotoxic metabolites; however, inter-species and inter-individual differences in contribution of CYP2E1 to metabolism and toxicity are not well understood. Therefore, the role of CYP2E1 in metabolism and toxic effects of TCE and PCE was investigated using male and female wild-type [129S1/SvlmJ], Cyp2e1(-/-), and humanized Cyp2e1 [hCYP2E1] mice. To fill in existing gaps in our knowledge, we conducted a toxicokinetic study of TCE (600 mg/kg, single dose, i.g.) and a subacute study of PCE (500 mg/kg/day, 5 days, i.g.) in 3 strains. Liver and kidney tissues were subject to profiling of oxidative and glutathione conjugation metabolites of TCE and PCE, as well as toxicity endpoints. The amounts of trichloroacetic acid formed in the liver was hCYP2E1≈ 129S1/SvlmJ > Cyp2e1(-/-) for both TCE and PCE; levels in males were about 2-fold higher than in females. Interestingly, 2- to 3-fold higher levels of conjugation metabolites were observed in TCE-treated Cyp2e1(-/-) mice. PCE induced lipid accumulation only in liver of 129S1/SvlmJ mice. In the kidney, PCE exposure resulted in acute proximal tubule injury in both sexes in all strains (hCYP2E1 ≈ 129S1/SvlmJ > Cyp2e1(-/-)). In conclusion, our results demonstrate that CYP2E1 is an important, but not exclusive actor in the oxidative metabolism and toxicity of TCE and PCE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Syuan Luo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Shinji Furuya
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Valerie Y Soldatov
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Oksana Kosyk
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Hong Sik Yoo
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Hisataka Fukushima
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Lauren Lewis
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Yasuhiro Iwata
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Luo YS, Cichocki JA, Hsieh NH, Lewis L, Wright FA, Threadgill DW, Chiu WA, Rusyn I. Using Collaborative Cross Mouse Population to Fill Data Gaps in Risk Assessment: A Case Study of Population-Based Analysis of Toxicokinetics and Kidney Toxicodynamics of Tetrachloroethylene. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:67011. [PMID: 31246107 PMCID: PMC6792382 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interindividual variability in susceptibility remains poorly characterized for environmental chemicals such as tetrachloroethylene (PERC). Development of population-based experimental models provide a potential approach to fill this critical need in human health risk assessment. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to better characterize the contribution of glutathione (GSH) conjugation to kidney toxicity of PERC and the degree of associated interindividual toxicokinetic (TK) and toxicodynamic (TD) variability by using the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse population. METHODS Male mice from 45 strains were intragastrically dosed with PERC ([Formula: see text]) or vehicle (5% Alkamuls EL-620 in saline), and time-course samples were collected for up to 24 h. Population variability in TK of S-(1,2,2-trichlorovinyl)GSH (TCVG), S-(1,2,2-trichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (TCVC), and N-acetyl-S-(1,2,2-trichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (NAcTCVC) was quantified in serum, liver, and kidney, and analyzed using a toxicokinetic model. Effects of PERC on kidney weight, fatty acid metabolism-associated genes [ Acot1 (Acyl-CoA thioesterase 1), Fabp1 (fatty acid-binding protein 1), and Ehhadh (enoyl-coenzyme A, hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase)], and a marker of proximal tubular injury [KIM-1 (kidney injury molecule-1)/Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 ( Havcr1)] were evaluated. Finally, quantitative data on interstrain variability in both formation of GSH conjugation metabolites of PERC and its kidney effects was used to calculate adjustment factors for the interindividual variability in both TK and TD. RESULTS Mice treated with PERC had significantly lower kidney weight, higher kidney-to-body weight (BW) ratio, and higher expression of fatty acid metabolism-associated genes ( Acot1, Fabp1, and Ehhadh) and a marker of proximal tubular injury (KIM-1/ Havcr1). Liver levels of TCVG were significantly correlated with KIM-1/ Havcr1 in kidney, consistent with kidney injury being associated with GSH conjugation. We found that the default uncertainty factor for human variability may be marginally adequate to protect 95%, but not more, of the population for kidney toxicity mediated by PERC. DISCUSSION Overall, this study demonstrates the utility of the CC mouse population in characterizing metabolism-toxicity interactions and quantifying interindividual variability. Further refinement of the characterization of interindividual variability can be accomplished by incorporating these data into in silico population models both for TK (such as a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model), as well as for toxicodynamic responses. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5105.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Syuan Luo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph A. Cichocki
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Nan-Hung Hsieh
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren Lewis
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Fred A. Wright
- Bioinformatics Research Center and Departments of Statistics and Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - David W. Threadgill
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Weihsueh A. Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wolf VL, Taylor EB, Ryan MJ. Cyclophosphamide treatment for hypertension and renal injury in an experimental model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14059. [PMID: 31124322 PMCID: PMC6533177 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of mortality among patients with the autoimmune disorder systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our laboratory previously reported that immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil, a common therapy in patients with SLE, attenuates the development of hypertension in an experimental model of SLE. Cyclophosphamide (CYC) is another common therapy for patients with SLE that has contributed to improved disease management; however, its impact on the development of hypertension associated with SLE is not clear. We tested whether treatment with CYC (25 mg/kg, once/week, IP injection) for 4 weeks would attenuate hypertension in an established female mouse model of SLE with hypertension (30-week-old NZBWF1 females). Plasma anti-dsDNA IgG levels, pathogenic for the disease, were lower in CYC-treated SLE mice compared to vehicle-treated SLE mice, suggesting efficacy of the therapy to suppress aberrant immune system function. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was assessed by carotid artery catheters in conscious mice. Treatment did not attenuate the development of hypertension when compared to vehicle-treated SLE mice; however, urinary albumin excretion was lower in CYC-treated animals. Corresponding with the reduction in autoantibodies, data suggest that CYC treatment lowered circulating CD45R+ B cells. Paradoxically, circulating CD11b+ Ly6G+ neutrophils were increased in CYC-treated SLE mice compared to vehicle treated. Estrus cycling data also suggest that CYC treatment had an impact on ovarian function that may be consistent with reduced circulating estrogen levels. Taken together, these data suggest that CYC treatment attenuates autoantibody production and renal disease during SLE, but that the potential to affect MAP may be blunted by the increase in circulating neutrophils and CYC's impact on ovarian function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L. Wolf
- Department of Physiology & BiophysicsUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Erin B. Taylor
- Department of Physiology & BiophysicsUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Michael J. Ryan
- Department of Physiology & BiophysicsUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
- G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Luo YS, Hsieh NH, Soldatow VY, Chiu WA, Rusyn I. Comparative analysis of metabolism of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene among mouse tissues and strains. Toxicology 2018; 409:33-43. [PMID: 30053492 PMCID: PMC6186498 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) are structurally similar chemicals that are metabolized through oxidation and glutathione conjugation pathways. Both chemicals have been shown to elicit liver and kidney toxicity in rodents and humans; however, TCE has been studied much more extensively in terms of both metabolism and toxicity. Despite their qualitative similarities, quantitative comparison of tissue- and strain-specific metabolism of TCE and PCE has not been performed. To fill this gap, we conducted a comparative toxicokinetic study where equimolar single oral doses of TCE (800 mg/kg) or PCE (1000 mg/kg) were administered to male mice of C57BL/6J, B6C3F1/J, and NZW/LacJ strains. Samples of liver, kidney, serum, brain, and lung were obtained for up to 36 h after dosing. For each tissue, concentrations of parent compounds, as well as their oxidative and glutathione conjugation metabolites were measured and concentration-time profiles constructed. A multi-compartment toxicokinetic model was developed to quantitatively compare TCE and PCE metabolism. As expected, the flux through oxidation metabolism pathway predominated over that through conjugation across all mouse strains examined, it is 1,200-3,800 fold higher for TCE and 26-34 fold higher for PCE. However, the flux through glutathione conjugation, albeit a minor metabolic pathway, was 21-fold higher for PCE as compared to TCE. The degree of inter-strain variability was greatest for oxidative metabolites in TCE-treated and for glutathione conjugation metabolites in PCE-treated mice. This study provides critical data for quantitative comparisons of TCE and PCE metabolism, and may explain the differences in organ-specific toxicity between these structurally similar chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Syuan Luo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Nan-Hung Hsieh
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Valerie Y Soldatow
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Venkatratnam A, Furuya S, Kosyk O, Gold A, Bodnar W, Konganti K, Threadgill DW, Gillespie KM, Aylor DL, Wright FA, Chiu WA, Rusyn I. Editor's Highlight: Collaborative Cross Mouse Population Enables Refinements to Characterization of the Variability in Toxicokinetics of Trichloroethylene and Provides Genetic Evidence for the Role of PPAR Pathway in Its Oxidative Metabolism. Toxicol Sci 2018; 158:48-62. [PMID: 28369613 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a known carcinogen in humans and rodents. Previous studies of inter-strain variability in TCE metabolism were conducted in multi-strain panels of classical inbred mice with limited genetic diversity to identify gene-environment interactions associated with chemical exposure. Objectives To evaluate inter-strain variability in TCE metabolism and identify genetic determinants that are associated with TCE metabolism and effects using Collaborative Cross (CC), a large panel of genetically diverse strains of mice. Methods We administered a single oral dose of 0, 24, 80, 240, or 800 mg/kg of TCE to mice from 50 CC strains, and collected organs 24 h post-dosing. Levels of trichloroacetic acid (TCA), a major oxidative metabolite of TCE were measured in multiple tissues. Protein expression and activity levels of TCE-metabolizing enzymes were evaluated in the liver. Liver transcript levels of known genes perturbed by TCE exposure were also quantified. Genetic association mapping was performed on the acquired phenotypes. Results TCA levels varied in a dose- and strain-dependent manner in liver, kidney, and serum. The variability in TCA levels among strains did not correlate with expression or activity of a number of enzymes known to be involved in TCE oxidation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα)-responsive genes were found to be associated with strain-specific differences in TCE metabolism. Conclusions This study shows that CC mouse population is a valuable tool to quantitatively evaluate inter-individual variability in chemical metabolism and to identify genes and pathways that may underpin population differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Venkatratnam
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.,Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Shinji Furuya
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Oksana Kosyk
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Wanda Bodnar
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Kranti Konganti
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - David W Threadgill
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Kevin M Gillespie
- Bioinformatics Research Center and Departments of Statistics and Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - David L Aylor
- Bioinformatics Research Center and Departments of Statistics and Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Fred A Wright
- Bioinformatics Research Center and Departments of Statistics and Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Luo YS, Furuya S, Chiu W, Rusyn I. Characterization of inter-tissue and inter-strain variability of TCE glutathione conjugation metabolites DCVG, DCVC, and NAcDCVC in the mouse. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 81:37-52. [PMID: 29190187 PMCID: PMC6088749 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1408512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant that is a liver and kidney carcinogen. Conjugation of TCE with glutathione (GSH) leads to formation of nepthrotoxic and mutagenic metabolites postulated to be critical for kidney cancerdevelopment; however, relatively little is known regarding their tissue levels as previous analytical methods for their detection lacked sensitivity. Here, an LC-MS/MS-based method for simultaneous detection of S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-glutathione (DCVG), S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVC), and N-acetyl-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (NAcDCVC) in multiple mouse tissues was developed. This analytical method is rapid, sensitive (limits of detection (LOD) 3-30 fmol across metabolites and tissues), and robust to quantify all three metabolites in liver, kidneys, and serum. The method was used to characterize inter-tissue and inter-strain variability in formation of conjugative metabolites of TCE. Single oral dose of TCE (24, 240 or 800 mg/kg) was administered to male mice from 20 inbred strains of Collaborative Cross. Inter-strain variability in the levels of DCVG, DCVC, and NAcDCVC (GSD = 1.6-2.9) was observed. Whereas NAcDCVC was distributed equally among analyzed tissues, highest levels of DCVG were detected in liver and DCVC in kidneys. Evidence indicated that inter-strain variability in conjugative metabolite formation of TCE might affect susceptibility to adverse health effects and that this method might aid in filling data gaps in human health assessment of TCE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ivan Rusyn
- Corresponding author: Ivan Rusyn, Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; ; (979)-458-9866
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhou YH, Cichocki JA, Soldatow VY, Scholl EH, Gallins PJ, Jima D, Yoo HS, Chiu WA, Wright FA, Rusyn I. Editor's Highlight: Comparative Dose-Response Analysis of Liver and Kidney Transcriptomic Effects of Trichloroethylene and Tetrachloroethylene in B6C3F1 Mouse. Toxicol Sci 2017; 160:95-110. [PMID: 28973375 PMCID: PMC5837274 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants and occupational health hazards. Recent health assessments of these agents identified several critical data gaps, including lack of comparative analysis of their effects. This study examined liver and kidney effects of TCE and PCE in a dose-response study design. Equimolar doses of TCE (24, 80, 240, and 800 mg/kg) or PCE (30, 100, 300, and 1000 mg/kg) were administered by gavage in aqueous vehicle to male B6C3F1/J mice. Tissues were collected 24 h after exposure. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), a major oxidative metabolite of both compounds, was measured and RNA sequencing was performed. PCE had a stronger effect on liver and kidney transcriptomes, as well as greater concentrations of TCA. Most dose-responsive pathways were common among chemicals/tissues, with the strongest effect on peroxisomal β-oxidation. Effects on liver and kidney mitochondria-related pathways were notably unique to PCE. We performed dose-response modeling of the transcriptomic data and compared the resulting points of departure (PODs) to those for apical endpoints derived from long-term studies with these chemicals in rats, mice, and humans, converting to human equivalent doses using tissue-specific dosimetry models. Tissue-specific acute transcriptional effects of TCE and PCE occurred at human equivalent doses comparable to those for apical effects. These data are relevant for human health assessments of TCE and PCE as they provide data for dose-response analysis of the toxicity mechanisms. Additionally, they provide further evidence that transcriptomic data can be useful surrogates for in vivo PODs, especially when toxicokinetic differences are taken into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Joseph A. Cichocki
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Valerie Y. Soldatow
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth H. Scholl
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Paul J. Gallins
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Dereje Jima
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Hong-Sik Yoo
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Weihsueh A. Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Fred A. Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang JX, Li N, Wang H, Shen T, Zhu QX. The immune response in trichloroethylene hypersensitivity syndrome: A review. Toxicol Ind Health 2017; 33:876-883. [PMID: 29020883 DOI: 10.1177/0748233717731213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) has been used for a variety of industrial and consumer cleaning purposes because of its ability to dissolve organic substances. The multisystem injuries include those of skin, liver, and kidney, which are defined as TCE hypersensitivity syndrome (THS). THS is a serious occupational health issue. However, the mechanism of immune dysfunction leading to organ injury is poorly understood. Many studies reveal that skin lesions and organ injury caused by TCE are consistent with type IV hypersensitivity, also called delayed hypersensitivity, mediated by T cells. However, many researchers found T cell-mediated type IV hypersensitivity could not account for the pathogenesis of THS fully. Humoral immunity, including immunoglobulins and complement activation, may also play a possible role in THS pathogenesis. This review will describe the history, current understanding, and future research directions of the mechanism of THS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xiang Zhang
- 1 Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China.,2 Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Na Li
- 2 Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Wang
- 3 Department of Nutrition, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Tong Shen
- 2 Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Qi-Xing Zhu
- 1 Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Harrill AH, McAllister KA. New Rodent Population Models May Inform Human Health Risk Assessment and Identification of Genetic Susceptibility to Environmental Exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:086002. [PMID: 28886592 PMCID: PMC5783628 DOI: 10.1289/ehp1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper provides an introduction for environmental health scientists to emerging population-based rodent resources. Mouse reference populations provide an opportunity to model environmental exposures and gene-environment interactions in human disease and to inform human health risk assessment. OBJECTIVES This review will describe several mouse populations for toxicity assessment, including older models such as the Mouse Diversity Panel (MDP), and newer models that include the Collaborative Cross (CC) and Diversity Outbred (DO) models. METHODS This review will outline the features of the MDP, CC, and DO mouse models and will discuss published case studies investigating the use of these mouse population resources in each step of the risk assessment paradigm. DISCUSSION These unique resources have the potential to be powerful tools for generating hypotheses related to gene-environment interplay in human disease, performing controlled exposure studies to understand the differential responses in humans for susceptibility or resistance to environmental exposures, and identifying gene variants that influence sensitivity to toxicity and disease states. CONCLUSIONS These new resources offer substantial advances to classical toxicity testing paradigms by including genetically sensitive individuals that may inform toxicity risks for sensitive subpopulations. Both in vivo and complementary in vitro resources provide platforms with which to reduce uncertainty by providing population-level data around biological variability. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1274.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison H Harrill
- Biomolecular Screening Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kimberly A McAllister
- Genes, Environment, and Health Branch, Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Luo YS, Cichocki JA, McDonald TJ, Rusyn I. Simultaneous detection of the tetrachloroethylene metabolites S-(1,2,2-trichlorovinyl) glutathione, S-(1,2,2-trichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine, and N-acetyl-S-(1,2,2-trichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine in multiple mouse tissues via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:513-524. [PMID: 28696834 PMCID: PMC5749336 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1330585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene; PERC) is a high-production volume chemical and ubiquitous environmental contaminant that is hazardous to human health. Toxicity attributed to PERC is mediated through oxidative and glutathione (GSH) conjugation metabolites. The conjugation of PERC by glutathione-s-transferase to generate S-(1,2,2-trichlorovinyl) glutathione (TCVG), which is subsequently metabolized to form S-(1,2,2-trichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (TCVC) is of special importance to human health. Specifically, TCVC may be metabolized to N-acetyl-S-(1,2,2-trichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (NAcTCVC) which is excreted through urine, or to electrophilic metabolites that are nephrotoxic and mutagenic. Little is known regarding toxicokinetics of TCVG, TCVC, and NAcTCVC as analytical methods for simultaneous determination of these metabolites in tissues have not yet been reported. Hence, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry-based method was developed for analysis of TCVG, TCVC, and NAcTCVC in liver, kidneys, serum, and urine. The method is rapid, sensitive, robust, and selective for detection all three analytes in every tissue examined, with limits of detection (LOD) ranging from 1.8 to 68.2 femtomoles on column, depending on the analyte and tissue matrix. This method was applied to quantify levels of TCVG, TCVC, and NAcTCVC in tissues from mice treated with PERC (10 to 1000 mg/kg, orally) with limits of quantitation (LOQ) of 1-2.5 pmol/g in liver, 1-10 pmol/g in kidney, 1-2.5 pmol/ml in serum, and 2.5-5 pmol/ml in urine. This method is useful for further characterization of the GSH conjugative pathway of PERC in vivo and improved understanding of PERC toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Syuan Luo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Joseph A. Cichocki
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Thomas J. McDonald
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Frye RE, Rose S, Wynne R, Bennuri SC, Blossom S, Gilbert KM, Heilbrun L, Palmer RF. Oxidative Stress Challenge Uncovers Trichloroacetaldehyde Hydrate-Induced Mitoplasticity in Autistic and Control Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4478. [PMID: 28667285 PMCID: PMC5493637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitoplasticity occurs when mitochondria adapt to tolerate stressors. Previously we hypothesized that a subset of lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from children with autistic disorder (AD) show mitoplasticity (AD-A), presumably due to previous environmental exposures; another subset of AD LCLs demonstrated normal mitochondrial activity (AD-N). To better understand mitoplasticity in the AD-A LCLs we examined changes in mitochondrial function using the Seahorse XF96 analyzer in AD and Control LCLs after exposure to trichloroacetaldehyde hydrate (TCAH), an in vivo metabolite of the environmental toxicant and common environmental pollutant trichloroethylene. To better understand the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitoplasticity, TCAH exposure was followed by acute exposure to 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-napthoquinone (DMNQ), an agent that increases ROS. TCAH exposure by itself resulted in a decline in mitochondrial respiration in all LCL groups. This effect was mitigated when TCAH was followed by acute DMNQ exposure but this varied across LCL groups. DMNQ did not affect AD-N LCLs, while it neutralized the detrimental effect of TCAH in Control LCLs and resulted in a increase in mitochondrial respiration in AD-A LCLs. These data suggest that acute increases in ROS can activate mitochondrial protective pathways and that AD-A LCLs are better able to activate these protective pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Eugene Frye
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Shannon Rose
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Rebecca Wynne
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sirish C Bennuri
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sarah Blossom
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Kathleen M Gilbert
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Lynne Heilbrun
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Raymond F Palmer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nachshon A, Abu-Toamih Atamni HJ, Steuerman Y, Sheikh-Hamed R, Dorman A, Mott R, Dohm JC, Lehrach H, Sultan M, Shamir R, Sauer S, Himmelbauer H, Iraqi FA, Gat-Viks I. Dissecting the Effect of Genetic Variation on the Hepatic Expression of Drug Disposition Genes across the Collaborative Cross Mouse Strains. Front Genet 2016; 7:172. [PMID: 27761138 PMCID: PMC5050206 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A central challenge in pharmaceutical research is to investigate genetic variation in response to drugs. The Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse reference population is a promising model for pharmacogenomic studies because of its large amount of genetic variation, genetic reproducibility, and dense recombination sites. While the CC lines are phenotypically diverse, their genetic diversity in drug disposition processes, such as detoxification reactions, is still largely uncharacterized. Here we systematically measured RNA-sequencing expression profiles from livers of 29 CC lines under baseline conditions. We then leveraged a reference collection of metabolic biotransformation pathways to map potential relations between drugs and their underlying expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). By applying this approach on proximal eQTLs, including eQTLs acting on the overall expression of genes and on the expression of particular transcript isoforms, we were able to construct the organization of hepatic eQTL-drug connectivity across the CC population. The analysis revealed a substantial impact of genetic variation acting on drug biotransformation, allowed mapping of potential joint genetic effects in the context of individual drugs, and demonstrated crosstalk between drug metabolism and lipid metabolism. Our findings provide a resource for investigating drug disposition in the CC strains, and offer a new paradigm for integrating biotransformation reactions to corresponding variations in DNA sequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aharon Nachshon
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Hanifa J Abu-Toamih Atamni
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel- Aviv University Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Steuerman
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Roa'a Sheikh-Hamed
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel- Aviv University Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Alexandra Dorman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel- Aviv University Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Richard Mott
- Genetics Institute, University College of London London, UK
| | - Juliane C Dohm
- Genomics Unit, Center for Genomic RegulationBarcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu FabraBarcelona, Spain; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU)Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Lehrach
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Sultan
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics Berlin, Germany
| | - Ron Shamir
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sascha Sauer
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular GeneticsBerlin, Germany; CU Systems Medicine, University of WürzburgWürzburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Himmelbauer
- Genomics Unit, Center for Genomic RegulationBarcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu FabraBarcelona, Spain; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU)Vienna, Austria
| | - Fuad A Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel- Aviv University Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Irit Gat-Viks
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University Tel-Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cichocki JA, Guyton KZ, Guha N, Chiu WA, Rusyn I, Lash LH. Target Organ Metabolism, Toxicity, and Mechanisms of Trichloroethylene and Perchloroethylene: Key Similarities, Differences, and Data Gaps. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 359:110-23. [PMID: 27511820 PMCID: PMC5034707 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.232629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene or tetrachloroethylene (PCE) are high-production volume chemicals with numerous industrial applications. As a consequence of their widespread use, these chemicals are ubiquitous environmental contaminants to which the general population is commonly exposed. It is widely assumed that TCE and PCE are toxicologically similar; both are simple olefins with three (TCE) or four (PCE) chlorines. Nonetheless, despite decades of research on the adverse health effects of TCE or PCE, few studies have directly compared these two toxicants. Although the metabolic pathways are qualitatively similar, quantitative differences in the flux and yield of metabolites exist. Recent human health assessments have uncovered some overlap in target organs that are affected by exposure to TCE or PCE, and divergent species- and sex-specificity with regard to cancer and noncancer hazards. The objective of this minireview is to highlight key similarities, differences, and data gaps in target organ metabolism and mechanism of toxicity. The main anticipated outcome of this review is to encourage research to 1) directly compare the responses to TCE and PCE using more sensitive biochemical techniques and robust statistical comparisons; 2) more closely examine interindividual variability in the relationship between toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics for TCE and PCE; 3) elucidate the effect of coexposure to these two toxicants; and 4) explore new mechanisms for target organ toxicity associated with TCE and/or PCE exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Cichocki
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.A.C., W.A.C., I.R.); International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (K.Z.G., N.G.); Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan (L.H.L.)
| | - Kathryn Z Guyton
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.A.C., W.A.C., I.R.); International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (K.Z.G., N.G.); Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan (L.H.L.)
| | - Neela Guha
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.A.C., W.A.C., I.R.); International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (K.Z.G., N.G.); Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan (L.H.L.)
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.A.C., W.A.C., I.R.); International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (K.Z.G., N.G.); Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan (L.H.L.)
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.A.C., W.A.C., I.R.); International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (K.Z.G., N.G.); Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan (L.H.L.)
| | - Lawrence H Lash
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (J.A.C., W.A.C., I.R.); International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (K.Z.G., N.G.); Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan (L.H.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yoo HS, Cichocki JA, Kim S, Venkatratnam A, Iwata Y, Kosyk O, Bodnar W, Sweet S, Knap A, Wade T, Campbell J, Clewell HJ, Melnyk SB, Chiu WA, Rusyn I. The Contribution of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha to the Relationship Between Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics of Trichloroethylene. Toxicol Sci 2015; 147:339-49. [PMID: 26136231 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to the ubiquitous environmental contaminant trichloroethylene (TCE) is associated with cancer and non-cancer toxicity in both humans and rodents. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) is thought to be playing a role in liver toxicity in rodents through activation of the receptor by the TCE metabolite trichloroacetic acid (TCA). However, most studies using genetically altered mice have not assessed the potential for PPARα to alter TCE toxicokinetics, which may lead to differences in TCA internal doses and hence confound inferences as to the role of PPARα in TCE toxicity. To address this gap, male and female wild type (129S1/SvImJ), Pparα-null, and humanized PPARα (hPPARα) mice were exposed intragastrically to 400 mg/kg TCE in single-dose (2, 5 and 12 h) and repeat-dose (5 days/week, 4 weeks) studies. Interestingly, following either a single- or repeat-dose exposure to TCE, levels of TCA in liver and kidney were lower in Pparα-null and hPPARα mice as compared with those in wild type mice. Levels of trichloroethanol (TCOH) were similar in all strains. TCE-exposed male mice consistently had higher levels of TCA and TCOH in all tissues compared with females. Additionally, in both single- and repeat-dose studies, a similar degree of induction of PPARα-responsive genes was observed in liver and kidney of hPPARα and wild type mice, despite the difference in hepatic and renal TCA levels. Additional sex- and strain-dependent effects were observed in the liver, including hepatocyte proliferation and oxidative stress, which were not dependent on TCA or TCOH levels. These data demonstrate that PPARα status affects the levels of the putative PPARα agonist TCA following TCE exposure. Therefore, interpretations of studies using Pparα-null and hPPARα mice need to consider the potential contribution of genotype-dependent toxicokinetics to observed differences in toxicity, rather than attributing such differences only to receptor-mediated toxicodynamic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sik Yoo
- *Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Joseph A Cichocki
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Abhishek Venkatratnam
- *Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Iwata
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Oksana Kosyk
- *Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Wanda Bodnar
- *Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Stephen Sweet
- Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Anthony Knap
- Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Terry Wade
- Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jerry Campbell
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; and
| | - Harvey J Clewell
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; and
| | - Stepan B Melnyk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA;
| |
Collapse
|