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Liu X, Peng Y, Chen R, Zhou Y, Zou X, Xia M, Wu X, Yu M. Transcriptomic analysis reveals transcription factors implicated in radon-induced lung carcinogenesis. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae161. [PMID: 39371682 PMCID: PMC11447380 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Radon, a potent carcinogen, is a significant catalyst for lung cancer development. However, the molecular mechanisms triggering radon-induced lung cancer remain elusive. Methods Utilizing a radon exposure concentration of 20,000 Bq/m3 for 20 min/session, malignant transformation was induced in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Results Radon-exposed cells derived from passage 25 (BEAS-2B-Rn) exhibited enhanced proliferation and increased colony formation. Analysis of differential gene expression (DEG) through transcription factors revealed 663 up-regulated and 894 down-regulated genes in radon-exposed cells. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed significant alterations in the malignant transformation pathway of cells, including those related to cancer and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. A PPI network analysis indicated a significant association of oncogenes, such as CCND1, KIT, and GATA3, with lung cancer among differentially expressed genes. In addition, the stability of the housekeeping gene was determined through RT-qPCR analysis, which also confirmed the results of transcriptome analysis. Conclusions The results suggest that transcription factors may play a pivotal role in conferring a survival advantage to radon-exposed cells. This is achieved by malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells into lung carcinogenesis cell phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- School of public health, Yangzhou University, No. 136, Jiangyang Middle Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuting Peng
- School of public health, Yangzhou University, No. 136, Jiangyang Middle Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ruobing Chen
- School of public health, Yangzhou University, No. 136, Jiangyang Middle Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yueyue Zhou
- School of public health, Yangzhou University, No. 136, Jiangyang Middle Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xihuan Zou
- School of public health, Yangzhou University, No. 136, Jiangyang Middle Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mingzhu Xia
- School of public health, Yangzhou University, No. 136, Jiangyang Middle Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinyi Wu
- School of public health, Yangzhou University, No. 136, Jiangyang Middle Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, No. 368, hanjiang Middle Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou 225009, China
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2
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Feng Y, Feng Y, Gu L, Mo W, Wang X, Song B, Hong M, Geng F, Huang P, Yang H, Zhu W, Jiao Y, Zhang Q, Ding WQ, Cao J, Zhang S. Tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism attenuates ROS generation and radiosensitivity through LDHA S-nitrosylation: novel insight into radiogenic lung injury. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1107-1122. [PMID: 38689083 PMCID: PMC11148139 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Genotoxic therapy triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative tissue injury. S-nitrosylation is a selective and reversible posttranslational modification of protein thiols by nitric oxide (NO), and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor for NO synthesis. However, the mechanism by which BH4 affects protein S-nitrosylation and ROS generation has not been determined. Here, we showed that ionizing radiation disrupted the structural integrity of BH4 and downregulated GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH1), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in BH4 biosynthesis, resulting in deficiency in overall protein S-nitrosylation. GCH1-mediated BH4 synthesis significantly reduced radiation-induced ROS production and fueled the global protein S-nitrosylation that was disrupted by radiation. Likewise, GCH1 overexpression or the administration of exogenous BH4 protected against radiation-induced oxidative injury in vitro and in vivo. Conditional pulmonary Gch1 knockout in mice (Gch1fl/fl; Sftpa1-Cre+/- mice) aggravated lung injury following irradiation, whereas Gch1 knock-in mice (Gch1lsl/lsl; Sftpa1-Cre+/- mice) exhibited attenuated radiation-induced pulmonary toxicity. Mechanistically, lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA) mediated ROS generation downstream of the BH4/NO axis, as determined by iodoacetyl tandem mass tag (iodoTMT)-based protein quantification. Notably, S-nitrosylation of LDHA at Cys163 and Cys293 was regulated by BH4 availability and could restrict ROS generation. The loss of S-nitrosylation in LDHA after irradiation increased radiosensitivity. Overall, the results of the present study showed that GCH1-mediated BH4 biosynthesis played a key role in the ROS cascade and radiosensitivity through LDHA S-nitrosylation, identifying novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of radiation-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Jiangnan University Medical Center, 214002, Wuxi, China
| | - Yahui Feng
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, 610051, Chengdu, China
| | - Liming Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Song
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Fenghao Geng
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Jiangnan University Medical Center, 214002, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei-Qun Ding
- Department of Pathology, Stephenson Cancer Centre, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jianping Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China.
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, 610051, Chengdu, China.
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), 621099, Mianyang, China.
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Dang X, Lin H, Li Y, Guo X, Yuan Y, Zhang R, Li X, Chai D, Zuo Y. MicroRNA profiling in BEAS-2B cells exposed to alpha radiation reveals potential biomarkers for malignant cellular transformation. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:834-844. [PMID: 33447367 PMCID: PMC7786174 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The carcinogenicity of radon has been convincingly documented through epidemiological studies of underground miners. The risk of lung cancer from radon exposure is due to the continuous radioactive decay of this gas and subsequent emission of high-energy alpha decay particles. And the bronchial epithelial cells are the main targets of radon exposure. However, there is a lack of early warning indicators of lung cancer caused by radon in the physical examination of populations involved in occupations with higher exposure to radon. To assess the potential of a molecular-based marker approach for the early detection of human lung cancer induced by radon, human bronchial epithelial cell injury models induced by alpha-particle irradiation were constructed. The results of transwell migration assay, transwell invasion assay, and the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins showed that malignant cell transformation could be triggered by alpha irradiation. Potential microRNAs (miRNAs) (hsa-miR-3907, hsa-miR-6732-3p, hsa-miR-4788, hsa-miR-5001-5p, and hsa-miR-4257) were screened using miRNA chips in cell models. The pathway analyses of miRNAs selected using DIANA-miRPath v3.0 showed that miRNAs involved in malignant cell transformation were associated with cell adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix receptor interaction, and proteoglycans in cancer, among others, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of carcinogenesis. Reverse Transcription Quantitative Real-Time PCR (RT-qPCR) assay showed that five screened miRNAs were up-regulated in five lung cancer tissue samples. In conclusion, the results indicated that hsa-miR-3907, hsa-miR-6732-3p, hsa-miR-4788, hsa-miR-5001-5p, and hsa-miR-4257 may be potential early markers of the malignant transformation of bronchial epithelial cells induced by alpha-particle irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Dang
- Division of Radiology and Environmental Medicine, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Haipeng Lin
- Division of Radiology and Environmental Medicine, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Youchen Li
- Division of Radiology and Environmental Medicine, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiuli Guo
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan 030013, China
| | - Yayi Yuan
- Division of Radiology and Environmental Medicine, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ruifeng Zhang
- Division of Radiology and Environmental Medicine, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiaozhen Li
- Division of Radiology and Environmental Medicine, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Dongliang Chai
- Division of Radiology and Environmental Medicine, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yahui Zuo
- Division of Radiology and Environmental Medicine, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Yan Y, Zhang K, Zhou G, Hu W. MicroRNAs Responding to Space Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186603. [PMID: 32917057 PMCID: PMC7555309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High-energy and high-atom-number (HZE) space radiation poses an inevitable potential threat to astronauts on deep space exploration missions. Compared with low-LET radiation, high-energy and high-LET radiation in space is more efficient in inducing clustered DNA damage with more serious biological consequences, such as carcinogenesis, central nervous system injury and degenerative disease. Space radiation also causes epigenetic changes in addition to inducing damage at the DNA level. Considering the important roles of microRNAs in the regulation of biological responses of radiation, we systematically reviewed both expression profiling and functional studies relating to microRNAs responding to space radiation as well as to space compound environment. Finally, the directions for improvement of the research related to microRNAs responding to space radiation are proposed. A better understanding of the functions and underlying mechanisms of the microRNAs responding to space radiation is of significance to both space radiation risk assessment and therapy development for lesions caused by space radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guangming Zhou
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (W.H.); Tel.: +86-512-65884829 (G.Z.); +86-512-65882451 (W.H.)
| | - Wentao Hu
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (W.H.); Tel.: +86-512-65884829 (G.Z.); +86-512-65882451 (W.H.)
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Sima M, Vrbova K, Zavodna T, Honkova K, Chvojkova I, Ambroz A, Klema J, Rossnerova A, Polakova K, Malina T, Belza J, Topinka J, Rossner P. The Differential Effect of Carbon Dots on Gene Expression and DNA Methylation of Human Embryonic Lung Fibroblasts as a Function of Surface Charge and Dose. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4763. [PMID: 32635498 PMCID: PMC7369946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents a toxicological evaluation of two types of carbon dots (CD), similar in size (<10 nm) but differing in surface charge. Whole-genome mRNA and miRNA expression (RNAseq), as well as gene-specific DNA methylation changes, were analyzed in human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HEL 12469) after 4 h and 24 h exposure to concentrations of 10 and 50 µg/mL (for positive charged CD; pCD) or 10 and 100 µg/mL (for negative charged CD, nCD). The results showed a distinct response for the tested nanomaterials (NMs). The exposure to pCD induced the expression of a substantially lower number of mRNAs than those to nCD, with few commonly differentially expressed genes between the two CDs. For both CDs, the number of deregulated mRNAs increased with the dose and exposure time. The pathway analysis revealed a deregulation of processes associated with immune response, tumorigenesis and cell cycle regulation, after exposure to pCD. For nCD treatment, pathways relating to cell proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, gene expression, and cycle regulation were detected. The expression of miRNAs followed a similar pattern: more pronounced changes after nCD exposure and few commonly differentially expressed miRNAs between the two CDs. For both CDs the pathway analysis based on miRNA-mRNA interactions, showed a deregulation of cancer-related pathways, immune processes and processes involved in extracellular matrix interactions. DNA methylation was not affected by exposure to any of the two CDs. In summary, although the tested CDs induced distinct responses on the level of mRNA and miRNA expression, pathway analyses revealed a potential common biological impact of both NMs independent of their surface charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Sima
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (K.V.); (A.A.)
| | - Kristyna Vrbova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (K.V.); (A.A.)
| | - Tana Zavodna
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.Z.); (K.H.); (I.C.); (A.R.); (J.T.)
| | - Katerina Honkova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.Z.); (K.H.); (I.C.); (A.R.); (J.T.)
| | - Irena Chvojkova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.Z.); (K.H.); (I.C.); (A.R.); (J.T.)
| | - Antonin Ambroz
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (K.V.); (A.A.)
| | - Jiri Klema
- Department of Computer Science, Czech Technical University in Prague, 12135 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Andrea Rossnerova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.Z.); (K.H.); (I.C.); (A.R.); (J.T.)
| | - Katerina Polakova
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.P.); (T.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Tomas Malina
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.P.); (T.M.); (J.B.)
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Belza
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.P.); (T.M.); (J.B.)
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.Z.); (K.H.); (I.C.); (A.R.); (J.T.)
| | - Pavel Rossner
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (K.V.); (A.A.)
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Liu XD, Xie DF, Wang YL, Guan H, Huang RX, Zhou PK. Integrated analysis of lncRNA–mRNA co-expression networks in the α-particle induced carcinogenesis of human branchial epithelial cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 95:144-155. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1539880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Liu
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, PR China
| | - Da-Fei Xie
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yi-Long Wang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hua Guan
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, PR China
| | - Rui-Xue Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Heath, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory, School of Public Health, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Kim JN, Lee BM. Risk management of free radicals involved in air travel syndromes by antioxidants. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2018; 21:47-60. [PMID: 29341860 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2018.1427914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Frequent air travelers and airplane pilots may develop various types of illnesses. The environmental risk factors associated with air travel syndromes (ATS) or air travel-related adverse health outcomes raised concerns and need to be assessed in the context of risk management and public health. Accordingly, the aim of the present review was to determine ATS, risk factors, and mechanisms underlying ATS using scientific data and information obtained from Medline, Toxline, and regulatory agencies. Additional information was also extracted from websites of organizations, such as the International Air Transport Association (IATA), International Association for Medical Assistance to Travelers (IAMAT), and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Air travelers are known to be exposed to environmental risk factors, including circadian rhythm disruption, poor cabin air quality, mental stress, high altitude conditions, hormonal dysregulation, physical inactivity, fatigue, biological infections, and alcoholic beverage consumption. Consequences of ATS attributed to air travel include sleep disturbances (e.g., insomnia), mental/physical stress, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory diseases, circulatory-related dysfunction, such as cardiac arrest and thrombosis and, at worst, mechanical and terrorism-related airplane crashes. Thus safety measures in the cabin before or after takeoff are undertaken to prevent illnesses or accidents related to flight. In addition, airport quarantine systems are strongly recommended to prepare for any ultimate adverse circumstances. Routine monitoring of environmental risk factors also needs to be considered. Frequently, the mechanisms underlying these adverse manifestations involve free radical generation. Therefore, antioxidant supplementation may help to reduce or prevent adverse outcomes by mitigating health risk factors associated with free radical generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeum-Nam Kim
- a Department of Airline Service , Howon University , Gunsan-si , South Korea
| | - Byung-Mu Lee
- b Division of Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Seobu-ro 2066, Suwon , South Korea
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