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Wang Y, Sedikides C, Wildschut T, Yang Y, Cai H. Distress prospectively predicts higher nostalgia, and nostalgia prospectively predicts lower distress. J Pers 2023; 91:1478-1492. [PMID: 36805555 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We were concerned with the relation between distress and nostalgia. At the state level, extensive research has established that momentary nostalgia is evoked by (experimentally manipulated) distress. However, at the trait level, the directionality of this relation is unclear. We conducted a longitudinal study to clarify the directional relation between these two constructs. METHOD We surveyed first-year university students (N = 3167) twice across six months. We assessed nostalgia, psychological distress (depression), and physical distress (somatization) at both timepoints. We also assessed Big Five personality at the first timepoint. RESULTS Initial distress prospectively predicted increased nostalgia, and initial nostalgia prospectively predicted reduced distress, six months later and independently of the Big Five. CONCLUSIONS Habitual nostalgia follows rather than precedes naturalistically occurring distress and serves to relieve it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- School of Business Administration, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Tim Wildschut
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ying Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huajian Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Zou X, Petkanopoulou K. Nostalgia and acculturation. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 49:101553. [PMID: 36696865 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We identify three themes in the current research on nostalgia and acculturation. First, different types of nostalgia (i.e., home-culture and host-culture nostalgia) have distinct effects on immigrants' and sojourners' identification with home or host culture, affecting the integration of home and host cultural identities. Second, nostalgia during acculturation plays a crucial role in facilitating self-continuity among immigrants and sojourners moving across different cultures. Third, nostalgia affects the majority-group members' attitude towards immigrants and sojourners in the host culture. We conclude by highlighting three challenges for future research on nostalgia and acculturation: the content of types of nostalgia, the moderating role of individual differences, and the functions of nostalgia at various acculturation stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zou
- Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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3
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van Dijke M, Leunissen JM. Nostalgia in organizations. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 49:101540. [PMID: 36592561 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Scholars have proposed that nostalgia plays various important roles in organizations. At present, there is no comprehensive overview of the role of nostalgia in this context. To help develop such an overview, we review research on personal nostalgia, insofar as it includes outcomes that are organizationally relevant, and research on organizational nostalgia. We propose a model that summarizes the processes through which nostalgia operates in organizations. In this model, we propose that threatening circumstances such as injustice or organizational change evoke organizational (and possibly personal) nostalgia, this evoked nostalgia subsequently counteracts the negative effects of threat on outcomes such as organizational identification and experienced work meaningfulness. We end by discussing implications and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius van Dijke
- Erasmus University Rotterdam and Nottingham Trent University, UK.
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4
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Abstract
Self-continuity is the subjective sense of connection between one's past and present selves (past-present self-continuity), between one's present and future selves (present-future self-continuity), or among one's past, present, and future selves (global self-continuity). We consider the motivational character of the three forms of self-continuity, their regulatory properties, and the internal or external factors that consolidate them. We also review their consequences for attitudes and judgments or decisions, motivation, intentions and behavior, and psychological and physical health. We further detail the psychological and behavioral benefits of self-discontinuity (i.e., a sense of disconnect among temporal selves). We next turn to the brain regions that are activated synchronously with self-continuity. We consider developmental perspectives on self-continuity, discuss collective self-continuity (along with its consequences and regulatory properties), and elaborate on cultural differences in self-continuity. This inaugural Annual Reviews chapter demonstrates the breadth, excitement, and sense of synergy among self-continuity researchers and points to promising research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine Sedikides
- Centre for Research on Self and Identity, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; , ,
| | - Emily K Hong
- Centre for Research on Self and Identity, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; , ,
| | - Tim Wildschut
- Centre for Research on Self and Identity, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; , ,
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5
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Colman RD, Vione KC, Kotera Y. Psychological risk factors for depression in the UK general population: derailment, self-criticism and self-reassurance. BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2022.2110214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rory D. Colman
- Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Katia C. Vione
- Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Yasuhiro Kotera
- Institute of Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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6
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Izadifar M. The Neurobiological Basis of the Conundrum of Self-continuity: A Hypothesis. Front Psychol 2022; 13:740542. [PMID: 35664197 PMCID: PMC9159515 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.740542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Life, whatsoever it is, is a temporal flux. Everything is doomed to change often apparently beyond our awareness. My body appears totally different now, so does my mind. I have gained new attitudes and new ambitions, and a substantial number of old ones have been discarded. But, I am still the same person in an ongoing manner. Besides, recent neuroscientific and psychological evidence has shown that our conscious perception happens as a series of discrete or bounded instants-it emerges in temporally scattered, gappy, and discrete forms. But, if it is so, how does the brain persevere our self-continuity (or continuity of identity) in this gappy setting? How is it possible that despite moment-to-moment changes in my appearance and mind, I am still feeling that I am that person? How can we tackle with this second by second gap and resurrection in our existence which leads to a foundation of wholeness and continuity of our self? How is continuity of self (collective set of our connected experiences in the vessel of time) that results in a feeling that one's life has purpose and meaning preserved? To answer these questions, the problem has been comprehended from a philosophical, psychological, and neuroscientific perspective. I realize that first and foremost fact lies in the temporal nature of identity. Having equipped with these thoughts, in this article, it is hypothesized that according to two principles (the principle of reafference or corollary discharge and the principle of a time theory) self-continuity is maintained. It is supposed that there should be a precise temporal integration mechanism in the CNS with the outside world that provides us this smooth, ungappy flow of the Self. However, we are often taken for granted the importance of self-continuity, but it can be challenged by life transitions such as entering adulthood, retirement, senility, emigration, and societal changes such as immigration, globalization, and in much unfortunate and extreme cases of mental illnesses such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Izadifar
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Human Science Center, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
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7
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Abstract
Nostalgia, a sentimental longing for one's past, has been garnering keen empirical attention in the psychological literature over the last two decades. After providing a historical overview, we place the emotion in cross-cultural context. Laypeople in many cultures conceptualize nostalgia similarly: as a past-oriented, social, self-relevant, and bittersweet emotion, but more sweet (positively toned) than bitter (negatively toned). That is, the nostalgizer reflects on a fond and personally important event—often their childhood or valued relationships—relives the event through rose-colored glasses, yearns for that time or relationship, and may even wish to return briefly to the past. Also, triggers of nostalgia (e.g., adverts, food, cold temperatures, loneliness) are similar across cultures. Moreover, across cultures nostalgia serves three key functions: it elevates social connectedness (a sense of belongingness or acceptance), meaning in life (a sense that one's life is significant, purposeful, and coherent), and self-continuity (a sense of connection between one's past and present self). Further, nostalgia acts as a buffer against discomforting psychological states (e.g., loneliness) similarly in varied cultural contexts. For example, (1) loneliness is positively related to, or intensifies, nostalgia; (2) loneliness is related to, or intensifies, adverse outcomes such as unhappiness or perceived lack of social support; and (3) nostalgia suppresses the relation between loneliness and adverse outcomes. Additionally, nostalgia facilitates one's acculturation to a host culture. Specifically, (1) nostalgia (vs. control) elicits a positive acculturation orientation toward a host culture; (2) nostalgia (vs. control) amplifies bicultural identity integration; and (3) positive acculturation orientation mediates the effect of host-culture nostalgia on bicultural identity integration. We conclude by identifying lacunae in the literature and calling for follow-up research.
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Wildschut T, Sedikides C. Benefits of nostalgia in vulnerable populations. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2022.2036005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Wildschut
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, U.K.
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Hong EK, Sedikides C, Wildschut T. How Does Nostalgia Conduce to Global Self-Continuity? The Roles of Identity Narrative, Associative Links, and Stability. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2021; 48:735-749. [PMID: 34151655 PMCID: PMC9066684 DOI: 10.1177/01461672211024889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In five studies (N = 1,074), we examined the relation-both correlational and causal-between nostalgia, a sentimental longing for one's past, and global self-continuity (GSC), a sense of connection among past, present, and future selves. Furthermore, we addressed mechanisms underlying this relation. We asked, in particular, whether nostalgic individuals might achieve GSC by constructing a narrative to give meaning to life transitions (narrative), connecting to the past (associative links), or believing in a self that is resistant to change (stability). Nostalgia predicted (Studies 1-3) and caused (Studies 4 and 5) GSC. The relation between nostalgia and GSC was consistently mediated by narrative, sporadically mediated by associative links, and unmediated by stability. The robust indirect effect via narrative remained significant when controlling for rumination (Study 3). We discuss theoretical and practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. Hong
- University of Southampton, UK
- Emily K. Hong, Center for Research on Self and Identity, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, 4001 B44, University Rd, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Sedikides C, Wildschut T. The sociality of personal and collective nostalgia. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2019.1630098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Wildschut
- Psychology Department, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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11
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Wildschut T, Sedikides C, Alowidy D. Hanin
: Nostalgia among Syrian refugees. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Wildschut
- Psychology Department University of Southampton Southampton UK
| | | | - Dalal Alowidy
- Psychology Department University of Southampton Southampton UK
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12
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Matic D, Russell GM. How Do I Go Back? Psychotherapy with International Students Who Face Stigma upon Their Return Home. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE STUDENT PSYCHOTHERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87568225.2019.1574216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Glenda M. Russell
- Ethnography and Evaluation Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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van Dijke M, Leunissen JM, Wildschut T, Sedikides C. Nostalgia promotes intrinsic motivation and effort in the presence of low interactional justice. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Tilburg WAP, Sedikides C, Wildschut T, Vingerhoets AJJM. How nostalgia infuses life with meaning: From social connectedness to self‐continuity. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Constantine Sedikides
- Psychology Department Center for Research on Self and Identity University of Southampton Southampton UK
| | - Tim Wildschut
- Psychology Department Center for Research on Self and Identity University of Southampton Southampton UK
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16
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Luo YLL, Welker KM, Way B, DeWall N, Bushman BJ, Wildschut T, Sedikides C. 5-HTTLPR polymorphism is associated with nostalgia proneness: The role of neuroticism. Soc Neurosci 2017; 14:183-190. [PMID: 29210327 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2017.1414717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nostalgia, a sentimental longing for the past, is a self-relevant and social emotion. Nostalgia proneness is associated with alleviation of distress or instability (e.g., neuroticism). Although nostalgia proneness is heritable, the specific molecular contributors to this heritability are unknown. We focused on a polymorphism in the promoter of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) as a possible biological basis of nostalgia proneness, because the serotonin system has been associated with sensitivity to negative experience. Participants (N = 397 adults) who had reported levels of nostalgia proneness were genotyped. A subsample also completed a measure of neuroticism. Participants with the 5-HTTLPR short allele were higher on nostalgia proneness than those without this allele. Neuroticism mediated the relation between 5-HTTLPR and nostalgia proneness. These findings enrich our understanding of the genetic and personality underpinnings of nostalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu L L Luo
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science , Institute of Psychology , Beijing , China
| | - Keith M Welker
- b Department of Psychology , University of Massachusetts Boston , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Baldwin Way
- c Department of Psychology , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Nathan DeWall
- d Department of Psychology , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Brad J Bushman
- e School of Communication and Department of Psychology , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Tim Wildschut
- f Center for Research on Self and Identity, Psychology Department , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
| | - Constantine Sedikides
- f Center for Research on Self and Identity, Psychology Department , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
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