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Tao X, Yip T, Fisher CB. Employment, coronavirus victimization distress, and substance use disorders among black and non-Hispanic White young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2024; 23:320-339. [PMID: 35758224 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2022.2091702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Substance abuse among young adults increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although pre-pandemic data indicate non-Hispanic White adults had higher levels of substance use disorder (SUD), Black adults suffered more serious consequences. The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced new stressors that may contribute to SUD, especially among Black young adults, including employment as essential workers, which may be related to victimization distress associated with the coronavirus (i.e., coronavirus victimization distress). The current study administered an anonymous, cross-sectional, online survey to a national sample of 132 Black and 141 non-Hispanic White adults 18 - 25 years to assess the relationship between health, economic disparities, employment, coronavirus victimization distress, and substance use during the first wave of the pandemic. Controlling for COVID-19 health risks and income, structural equation models indicated that coronavirus victimization distress fully accounted for the positive association between employment and SUD risk, and this association was more pronounced among Black young adults. Findings underscore the urgency of considering disease-related victimization in SUD interventions involving employed young adults during infectious disease pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Tao
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tiffany Yip
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Celia B Fisher
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
- Center for Ethics Education, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
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2
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Monari EN, Booth R, Forchuk C, Csiernik R. Black family members' cultural beliefs and experiences regarding substance use and misuse by relatives: A focused ethnography. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2024:1-31. [PMID: 38557270 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2024.2331634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Research explored substance use in Black communities in Canada, but a gap exists about the experiences of Black family members, caring for relatives with substance misuse within the Canadian context. Black family members are defined as African Canadians, Caribbean Canadian or Caribbean Blacks. This paper explores Black family members' beliefs and experiences regarding their relatives' psychoactive substance use and misuse. A focused ethnography was conducted with 26 Black family members with 17 participants originated from various parts of Africa, and nine participants originated from parts of the Caribbean. Participants comprised of mothers (n = 5), fathers (n = 2), step-fathers (n = 1), husbands (n = 1), wives (n = 2), uncles (n = 5), aunties (n = 2), siblings (n = 5), in-laws (n = 2), and guardians (n = 1). Three themes were generated: cultural beliefs and perceptions regarding substance use and misuse of family relatives; "When he starts drinking, hell breaks loose": Perceived impact of substance misuse on family safety and stability; and, the experiences of stigma and the keeping of secrets. Prioritizing public health approaches, such as public policies and campaigns that dismantle stigma and systemic barriers, and increase awareness about substance use and harm reduction interventions among Black communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther N Monari
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
- Western University, London, Canada
| | | | - Cheryl Forchuk
- Western University, London, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
- Parkwood Institute Research, London, Canada
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3
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Bauer AG, Bellot J, Bazan C, Gilmore A, Kideys K, Cameron A. Cultural considerations for substance use and substance use disorders among Black men. Bull Menninger Clin 2024; 88:108-127. [PMID: 38836848 DOI: 10.1521/bumc.2024.88.2.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
There are complex cultural considerations for understanding, assessing, and treating substance use disorders (SUD) among Black men, from the initiation of substance use through SUD-related outcomes. This narrative review provides insight into some of these factors, including the individual, interpersonal, and community-level risk and protective factors (e.g., family and social roles, religiosity, racism and discrimination, exposure to trauma and adversity) underlying relative risk for substance use and disparities in SUD-related outcomes. This article also highlights the ways that public attitudes and policies related to substance use have contributed to ongoing inequities in SUD treatment access for Black men. Recommendations for clinical research and practice include increasing focus on measurement equivalence, creating pathways for access to community-based and specialty treatment, and providing services that are culturally affirming, relevant, and appropriate. Comprehensive efforts are needed to reduce SUD-related inequities and promote positive well-being among Black men and their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria G Bauer
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies and the Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Jahnayah Bellot
- Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Carolyn Bazan
- School of Health Professions, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Ayanna Gilmore
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Kaan Kideys
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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Everhart RS, Lohr KD, Ramos MS, Hernández Dubon RE, Heron KE, Mazzeo SE, Corona R. Perceived Stress, Religiosity, and Substance Use Among African American and Latinx College Students with Asthma in the USA. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2023; 62:1050-1069. [PMID: 36752896 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study examined associations among perceived stress, religiosity, and substance use in African American and Latinx college students with asthma. Participants included 194 college students with asthma (18-20 years, 63.4% African American, 21.1% Latinx). Eligible students completed an online questionnaire that included measures of asthma control, perceived stress, religiosity, alcohol misuse, and last 30-day tobacco use and marijuana use. Over one-quarter (25.3%) of participants reported using tobacco and 31.9% reported using marijuana in the past 30 days. Perceived stress and religiosity were each independently associated with multiple indicators of substance use. Asthma control moderated associations between religiosity and tobacco use in the past 30 days (b = - .014, p = .002), such that the association between religiosity and tobacco use was stronger among those with better asthma control. Participant gender significantly moderated the association between perceived stress and alcohol misuse (b = - .099, p = .029); a stronger, positive association between stress and alcohol misuse was found among men. Students' perceived stress levels were associated with marijuana use in the past 30 days and high alcohol misuse. Religiosity was inversely linked to substance use. There is a need for healthcare providers to recognize and focus on substance use prevention specifically among African American and Latinx college students with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin S Everhart
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 West Franklin Street, Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284-2018, USA.
| | - Katherine D Lohr
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 West Franklin Street, Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284-2018, USA
| | - Mayra S Ramos
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 West Franklin Street, Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284-2018, USA
| | | | - Kristin E Heron
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Suzanne E Mazzeo
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 West Franklin Street, Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284-2018, USA
| | - Rosalie Corona
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 West Franklin Street, Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284-2018, USA
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Córdoba-Grueso WS, Peck KR, Eddens KS, Parker MA. Investigating extra-medical opioid use and social networks among people with post-traumatic stress disorder. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS 2022; 2:100022. [PMID: 36845888 PMCID: PMC9948844 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2021.100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and extra-medical opioid Use (EMOU) frequently co-occur. Few studies have examined the relationship between EMOU and social networks among people with PTSD. Accordingly, this study examined social networks in a sample of people with PTSD in the United States by assessing the association between social network size/diversity and lifetime EMOU status. Methods Data came from a cross-sectional, nationally representative sample of adults who participated in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III) from 2012 to 2013. For people with past-year PTSD (unweighted n = 1,764), social network size and diversity were estimated by lifetime EMOU status. Multivariable logistic regression models examined the association between social network size, diversity, and EMOU adjusting for sociodemographics, cigarette use, major depression, and anxiety disorder. Results Between 2012-2013, 24% of people with PTSD had lifetime EMOU. Those with EMOU had a lower social network size and diversity than individuals without EMOU (14 vs. 17 persons, 4 vs. 5 groups, p-values < 0.05). In adjusted models, EMOU was significantly associated with social network diversity (AOR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.99), but not with social network size (AOR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.01). Conclusions Less diverse social networks were associated with lifetime EMOU among people with PTSD. Future research should examine associations between the quality of social networks and EMOU, ideally from longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney S. Córdoba-Grueso
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Kelly R. Peck
- Vermont Center on Behavior & Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Kate S. Eddens
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Maria A. Parker
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
- Corresponding author at: 809 E 9th St, Bloomington, IN, 47405 United States.
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Correlates to Lifetime Suicide Attempts, Thoughts, and Planning Behaviors Among African American Transgender Individuals. J Prim Prev 2020; 41:487-501. [DOI: 10.1007/s10935-020-00613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zapolski TCB, Yu T, Brody GH, Banks DE, Barton AW. Why now? Examining antecedents for substance use initiation among African American adolescents. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 32:719-734. [PMID: 31452473 PMCID: PMC7044022 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419000713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Current adolescent substance use risk models have inadequately predicted use for African Americans, offering limited knowledge about differential predictability as a function of developmental period. Among a sample of 500 African American youth (ages 11-21), four risk indices (i.e., social risk, attitudinal risk, intrapersonal risk, and racial discrimination risk) were examined in the prediction of alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette initiation during early (ages 11-13), mid (ages 16-18), and late (ages 19-21) adolescence. Results showed that when developmental periods were combined, racial discrimination was the only index that predicted initiation for all three substances. However, when risk models were stratified based on developmental period, variation was found within and across substance types. Results highlight the importance of racial discrimination in understanding substance use initiation among African American youth and the need for tailored interventions based on developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamika C. B. Zapolski
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 420 University Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Tianyi Yu
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, 1095 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Gene H. Brody
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, 1095 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Devin E. Banks
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 420 University Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Allen W. Barton
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, 1095 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Dickens DD, Jackman DM, Stanley LR, Swaim RC, Chavez EL. Alcohol consumption among rural African American and White adolescents: The role of religion, parents, and peers. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2018; 17:273-290. [PMID: 27247084 PMCID: PMC6167007 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2016.1179155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although studies have examined ethnic differences in psychosocial factors and adolescent alcohol use, most have not examined these relationships for rural adolescents. The Community Drug and Alcohol Survey (CDAS) was completed by 23,163 rural adolescents attending African American secondary schools. Multilevel analysis tested the hypothesis of stronger relationships of peer use and religiosity with alcohol use and a weaker relationship for parental permissiveness and alcohol use for White compared to African American adolescents. Results suggested that peer use, religiosity, and parental permissiveness were more strongly associated with changes in alcohol use for White adolescents. Findings provide insight for alcohol prevention among rural adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Linda R. Stanley
- Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research, Department of Psychology, Colorado State University
| | - Randall C. Swaim
- Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research, Department of Psychology, Colorado State University
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Zucker RA, Gonzalez R, Feldstein Ewing SW, Paulus MP, Arroyo J, Fuligni A, Morris AS, Sanchez M, Wills T. Assessment of culture and environment in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study: Rationale, description of measures, and early data. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2018; 32:107-120. [PMID: 29627333 PMCID: PMC6436615 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental maturation takes place in a social environment in addition to a neurobiological one. Characterization of social environmental factors that influence this process is therefore an essential component in developing an accurate model of adolescent brain and neurocognitive development, as well as susceptibility to change with the use of marijuana and other drugs. The creation of the Culture and Environment (CE) measurement component of the ABCD protocol was guided by this understanding. Three areas were identified by the CE Work Group as central to this process: influences relating to CE Group membership, influences created by the proximal social environment, influences stemming from social interactions. Eleven measures assess these influences, and by time of publication, will have been administered to well over 7,000 9-10 year-old children and one of their parents. Our report presents baseline data on psychometric characteristics (mean, standard deviation, range, skewness, coefficient alpha) of all measures within the battery. Effectiveness of the battery in differentiating 9-10 year olds who were classified as at higher and lower risk for marijuana use in adolescence was also evaluated. Psychometric characteristics on all measures were good to excellent; higher vs. lower risk contrasts were significant in areas where risk differentiation would be anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Zucker
- Addiction Center and Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| | - Raul Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33145, United States.
| | - Sarah W Feldstein Ewing
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, M/C DC7P, Portland, OR 97239, United States.
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK 74136-3326, United States.
| | - Judith Arroyo
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 5635 Fishers Lane Room 2011, Rockville, MD, United States.
| | - Andrew Fuligni
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
| | - Amanda Sheffield Morris
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research & Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, United States.
| | - Mariana Sanchez
- Center for Research on US Latino HIV/AIDS & Drug Abuse, Florida International University, United States.
| | - Thomas Wills
- University of Hawaii, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, United States.
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Bowie J, Juon HS, Taggart T, Thorpe RJ, Ensminger M. Predictors of Religiosity in a Cohort of African Americans. RACE AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS 2017; 9:29-41. [PMID: 36340798 PMCID: PMC9632754 DOI: 10.1007/s12552-016-9189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have considered life course predictors of religiosity. We use the Woodlawn Study of a cohort of 1242 first grade African American children followed over four time periods to age 42 to observe how early school behaviors, family characteristics and neighborhood and social resources relate to later religiosity. Past literature suggested several domains of religiosity and exploratory factor analyses supported four measures of religiosity: religiosity as a resource, youth religiosity, divine struggle, and young adult religiosity. In multivariate analyses, males rated by teachers as shy in first grade, those with more than a high school education, and females who reported higher social ties in young adulthood were more likely to report religiosity as a resource at age 42. Males with both shy and aggressive behavior in first grade and females with lower math grades in first grade reported more youth religiosity. Those who obtained more education were less likely to report divine struggle. In terms of religiosity as a young adult, females who had been rated as both shy and aggressive in first grade, those living in neighborhoods with a higher proportion of African Americans, those with higher social ties in young adulthood and those living in neighborhoods with a higher proportion of African Americans reported higher adult religiosity. Longitudinal studies offer an opportunity to examine how patterns of religiosity vary over the life course and how early family, school, and social adaptation influence later religiosity in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Bowie
- Associate Professor, Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Hee Soon Juon
- Professor, Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Population Science, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Tamara Taggart
- Doctoral Candidate, Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Associate Professor, Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Margaret Ensminger
- Professor, Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
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Grills C, Cooke D, Douglas J, Subica A, Villanueva S, Hudson B. Culture, Racial Socialization, and Positive African American Youth Development. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798415578004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Positive youth development is critical for African American youth as they negotiate a social, political, and historical landscape grounded in systemic inequities and racism. One possible, yet understudied, approach to promote positive youth development is to increase African American youth consciousness and connection to their Africentric values and culture. The primary purpose of this article was to investigate the degree to which cultural and group consciousness factors (i.e., cultural orientation, Africentric values, and racial socialization) predicted positive youth development (i.e., future orientation, prosocial behavior, political/community, and social justice/equality civic mindedness) and how these might differ by gender. This article utilized survey data from 1,930 African American youth participants of the Pen or Pencil™ mentoring program. Results generally indicated that cultural orientation, Africentric values and, to a lesser degree, racial socialization, predicted positive youth development variables, with these effects varying by gender. These findings suggest that enhancing cultural consciousness may support the positive development of African American youth, although male and female youth may respond to these efforts in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deanna Cooke
- Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Provider and state perspectives on implementing cultural-based models of care for american Indian and alaska native patients with substance use disorders. J Behav Health Serv Res 2014; 41:64-79. [PMID: 23430286 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-013-9322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) suffer disproportionate rates of substance use disorders compared to Americans overall. Providers serving AI/AN communities are drawing from a diverse toolkit of treatment strategies that incorporate Native worldviews and community-shared values in order to improve outcomes. This paper describes findings from interviews with 22 program directors and 18 representatives from Single State Authorities on substance abuse. Interviews assessed provider and state efforts to increase AI/AN client engagement and to improve the quality of care through culturally relevant interventions. Results suggested that providers employed flexibility and originality to cultural-based programs by broadening established practices, adopting outside traditions, and creating new ones to fit client needs. However, gaps in state-tribal collaborations and inter-group complexities such as staff-based tensions, a widening generational divide, and blurred consensus of "tradition" affect service delivery. Overall, respondents underlined the critical role culturally relevant care plays in individual and community healing.
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