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Dimova ED, Lekkas P, Maxwell K, Clemens TL, Pearce JR, Mitchell R, Emslie C, Shortt NK. Exploring the influence of local alcohol availability on drinking norms and practices: A qualitative scoping review. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:691-703. [PMID: 36657792 PMCID: PMC10946767 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High alcohol availability is related to increased alcohol consumption and harms. Existing quantitative research provides potential explanations for this relationship but there is little understanding of how people experience local alcohol availability. This is the first review to synthesise qualitative research exploring the relationship between alcohol availability and other factors in local alcohol environments. METHODS The scoping review includes qualitative studies exploring community-level alcohol availability and other factors, facilitating the purchase and consumption of alcohol. We included studies focusing on children and adolescents as well as adults. Study findings were brought together using thematic analysis and the socio-environmental context model, which explains how certain environments may facilitate drinking. RESULTS The review includes 34 articles. The majority of studies were conducted since 2012. Most studies were conducted in the United Kingdom, Australia and South Africa. The physical availability of alcohol and proximity to local amenities and temporal aspects, like late night opening hours, may be linked to social factors, such as normalisation of drinking and permissive drinking environments. The review highlights the importance of social and cultural factors in shaping interactions with local alcohol environments. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This qualitative scoping review advances understanding of the pathways linking alcohol availability and alcohol harms by showing that availability, accessibility and visibility of alcohol may contribute towards permissive drinking environments. Further research is needed to better understand how people experience alcohol availability in their local environment and how this can inform alcohol control policies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Lekkas
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and HealthSchool of Geosciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Tom L. Clemens
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and HealthSchool of Geosciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Jamie R. Pearce
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and HealthSchool of Geosciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Richard Mitchell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitInstitute for Health and Wellbeing, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | - Niamh K. Shortt
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and HealthSchool of Geosciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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Ehlers CL, Geisler JR, Luna JA, Gilder DA, Calac D, Lee JP, Moore RS. Community Awareness of Outreach Efforts to Reduce Underage Drinking on California Indian Reservations. AMERICAN INDIAN AND ALASKA NATIVE MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2021; 27:21-41. [PMID: 32259273 DOI: 10.5820/aian.2701.2020.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report an evaluation of a combined individual- and community-level treatment and prevention effort to reduce underage drinking by American Indian (AI) youths on rural California Indian reservations. The interventions included: brief motivational interviewing and psychoeducation for Tribal youths, restricting alcohol sales to minors in alcohol sales outlets, and community mobilization and awareness activities. Surveys were collected from 120 adults and 74 teens to evaluate the awareness and effectiveness of the interventions. A high proportion of adult (93%) and youth (96%) respondents endorsed being aware of one or more of the intervention activities, and 88% of adults and 71% of youth felt the program impacted the community in a positive way. Eighty-four percent of adults and 63% of youth agreed that as a result of the activities that they decided to take action to reduce teen drinking in their community. Being aware of more of the intervention activities significantly increased the odds of taking action to change drinking behaviors. This study documents that a significant proportion of the community was aware of the intervention efforts and that awareness caused them to take action to reduce underage drinking. Such efforts may benefit other AI/AN communities seeking to reduce underage drinking.
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Ghanem L, Lee JP, Sumetsky N, Pagano A, Gruenewald P, Mair C. Place management in off-premise alcohol outlets: Results of a multi-methods study in a six-city California area. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2020; 80:102735. [PMID: 32416539 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between neighborhood crime and alcohol outlets are often theorized as resulting from poor place management. Barriers and supports to place management have been examined for on-premise (bars, restaurants) but not for off-premise alcohol outlets. Few studies have assessed place management issues across a range of off-premise outlet and neighborhood types, and none have included the perspectives of off-premise outlet managers themselves. Combining qualitative and quantitative methods within an ethnographic approach, we investigated barriers and supports to place management across off-premise outlets in a large urban area. METHODS We unobtrusively assessed outlet operating characteristics including crime prevention strategies at all 403 off-premise outlets in six contiguous California cities; interviewed managers in 40 outlets; and conducted extensive naturalistic observations in 15 of these 40 outlets. We analyzed data for frequencies and thematic content. RESULTS Small and independently operated off-premise outlets were the most common type of outlet in our study, but demonstrated fewer resources and more challenges to place management compared to large and chain establishments. Security guards were more observed in large and chain outlets. Small and independent outlets were more likely to post signs prohibiting loitering and to enable surveillance of interior spaces. Problems most commonly cited by managers were theft and loitering. Challenges to place management included physical and verbal threats from customers and intoxicated persons, and insufficient law enforcement. Managers evidenced some ability to assert authority over interior, private space, but less so over exterior, public space. CONCLUSIONS Although tasked with maintaining public health and safety, small and independent store managers reported challenges that are seldom acknowledged in policy or research literature. Managers may provide valuable insights on preventing and reducing neighborhood-level problems associated with off-premise alcohol outlets. Local communities should consider enhancing place management resources for managers of small and independent outlets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ghanem
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 2150 Shattuck Avenue #601, Berkeley CA 94704, United States.
| | - Juliet P Lee
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 2150 Shattuck Avenue #601, Berkeley CA 94704, United States.
| | - Natalie Sumetsky
- School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 6136 Public Health, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
| | - Anna Pagano
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 2150 Shattuck Avenue #601, Berkeley CA 94704, United States.
| | - Paul Gruenewald
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 2150 Shattuck Avenue #601, Berkeley CA 94704, United States.
| | - Christina Mair
- School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 6136 Public Health, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
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Swaim RC, Stanley LR. Predictors of Substance Use Latent Classes Among American Indian Youth Attending Schools On or Near Reservations. Am J Addict 2020; 29:27-34. [PMID: 31041821 PMCID: PMC7053646 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Identical latent classes of substance use for 7 to 8 grade and 9 to 12 grade American Indian (AI) youth living on or near reservations suggest that patterns of substance use are established early among these youth. This study examines relationships of substance-related factors to latent class membership and whether these relationships differ by grade group. METHODS In-school surveys were administered to 1503 7 to 8 grade and 1995 9 to 12 grade students from 46 schools on or near reservations during the 2009/2010 to 2012/2013 school years. Four-class latent class models of substance use were specified and five classes of substance-related factors (peers, substance availability, perceived harm, family, early initiation), plus grade level and gender, were evaluated as predictors. RESULTS For 7 to 8 grade students, substance-related factors differentiated nonusers from users, while for 9 to 12 graders, these factors also differentiated types of users. Early initiation and peer factors were strongly related to class membership, while other factors were less strongly related. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Early initiation of alcohol or marijuana is strongly related to being in a substance-using class for AI youth. Because these youth tend to initiate use earlier that other US youth, prevention resources should be targeted to reaching them and their families before age 12. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Predictors of latent classes of substance use were identified for reservation-based AI youth. While the classes were identical for 7 to 8 grade and 9 to 12 grade youth, predictors varied across grade group, which may inform how best to develop prevention efforts unique to middle and high school AI youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall C Swaim
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Linda R Stanley
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Gilder DA, Geisler JR, Luna JA, Calac D, Monti PM, Spillane NS, Lee JP, Moore RS, Ehlers CL. A pilot randomized trial of Motivational Interviewing compared to Psycho-Education for reducing and preventing underage drinking in American Indian adolescents. J Subst Abuse Treat 2017; 82:74-81. [PMID: 29021119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Underage drinking is an important public health issue for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adolescents, as it is for U. S. teens of all ethnicities. One of the demonstrated risk factors for the development of alcohol use disorders in AI/AN is early age of initiation of drinking. To address this issue a randomized trial to assess the efficacy of Motivational Interviewing (MI) compared to Psycho-Education (PE) to reduce and prevent underage drinking in AI/AN youth was developed and implemented. Sixty-nine youth received MI or PE and 87% were assessed at follow-up. For teens who were already drinking, participating in the intervention (MI or PE) was associated, at follow-up, with lower quantity×frequency (q×f) of drinking (p=0.011), fewer maximum drinks per drinking occasion (p=0.004), and fewer problem behaviors (p=0.009). The MI intervention resulted in male drinkers reporting a lower q×f of drinking (p=0.048) and female drinkers reporting less depression (p=0.011). In teens who had not started drinking prior to the intervention, 17% had initiated drinking at follow-up. As a group they reported increased quantity×frequency of drinking (p=0.008) and maximum drinks (p=0.047), but no change in problem behaviors. These results suggest that intervening against underage drinking using either MI or PE in AI/AN youth can result in reduced drinking, prevention of initiation of drinking, and other positive behavioral outcomes. Brief interventions that enhance motivation to change as well as Psycho-Education may provide a successful approach to reducing the potential morbidity of underage drinking in this high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Gilder
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, SP30-1501, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | | | - Juan A Luna
- Southern California Tribal Health Center, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel Calac
- Southern California Tribal Health Center, CA, USA.
| | - Peter M Monti
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Nichea S Spillane
- Department of Psychology, Rhode Island University, 306 Chafee Hall, 142 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Juliet P Lee
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 180 Grand Ave., Ste. 1200, Oakland, CA 94612, USA.
| | - Roland S Moore
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 180 Grand Ave., Ste. 1200, Oakland, CA 94612, USA.
| | - Cindy L Ehlers
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, SP30-1501, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Gilder DA, Geisler JR, Luna JA, Calac D, Monti PM, Spillane NS, Lee JP, Moore RS, Ehlers CL. WITHDRAWN: A randomized trial of motivational interviewing for the prevention of underage drinking in American Indian adolescents. J Subst Abuse Treat 2017:S0740-5472(17)30170-8. [PMID: 28487187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A Gilder
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, SP30-1501, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Juan A Luna
- Southern California Tribal Health Center, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Calac
- Southern California Tribal Health Center, CA, USA
| | - Peter M Monti
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Box G-S121-5, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Nichea S Spillane
- Department of Psychology, 306 Chafee Hall, Rhode Island University, 142 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Juliet P Lee
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 180 Grand Ave., Ste. 1200, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Roland S Moore
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 180 Grand Ave., Ste. 1200, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Cindy L Ehlers
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, SP30-1501, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Clough AR, Margolis SA, Miller A, Shakeshaft A, Doran CM, McDermott R, Sanson-Fisher R, Ypinazar V, Martin D, Robertson JA, Fitts MS, Bird K, Honorato B, Towle S, West C. Alcohol management plans in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) Australian communities in Queensland: community residents have experienced favourable impacts but also suffered unfavourable ones. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:55. [PMID: 28068977 PMCID: PMC5223386 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3995-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Australia, 'Alcohol Management Plans' (AMPs) provide the policy infrastructure for State and Commonwealth Governments to address problematic alcohol use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. We report community residents' experiences of AMPs in 10 of Queensland's 15 remote Indigenous communities. METHODS This cross-sectional study used a two-stage sampling strategy: N = 1211; 588 (48%) males, 623 (52%) females aged ≥18 years in 10 communities. Seven propositions about 'favourable' impacts and seven about 'unfavourable' impacts were developed from semi-structured interviews. For each proposition, one-sample tests of proportions examined participant agreement and multivariable binary logistic regressions assessed influences of gender, age (18-24, 25-44, 45-64, ≥65 years), residence (≥6 years), current drinking and Indigenous status. Confirmatory factor analyses estimated scale reliability (ρ), item loadings and covariances. RESULTS Slim majorities agreed that: AMPs reduced violence (53%, p = 0.024); community a better place to live (54%, 0.012); and children were safer (56%, p < 0.001). More agreed that: school attendance improved (66%, p < 0.001); and awareness of alcohol's harms increased (71%, p < 0.001). Participants were equivocal about improved personal safety (53%, p = 0.097) and reduced violence against women (49%, p = 0.362). The seven 'favourable' items reliably summarized participants' experiences of reduced violence and improved community amenity (ρ = 0.90). Stronger agreement was found for six 'unfavourable' items: alcohol availability not reduced (58%, p < 0.001); drinking not reduced (56%, p < 0.001)); cannabis use increased (69%, p < 0.001); more binge drinking (73%, p < 0.001); discrimination experienced (77%, p < 0.001); increased fines, convictions and criminal records for breaching restrictions (90%, p < 0.001). Participants were equivocal (51% agreed, p = 0.365) that police could enforce restrictions effectively. 'Unfavourable' items were not reliably reflected in one group (ρ = 0.48) but in: i) alcohol availability and consumption not reduced and ii) criminalization and discrimination. In logistic regressions, longer-term (≥ 6 years) residents more likely agreed that violence against women had reduced and that personal safety had improved but also that criminalization and binge drinking had increased. Younger people disagreed that their community was a better place to live and strongly agreed about discrimination. Current drinkers' views differed little from the sample overall. CONCLUSIONS The present Government review provides an opportunity to reinforce 'favourable' outcomes while targeting: illicit alcohol, treatment and diversion services and reconciliation of criminalization and discrimination issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R. Clough
- Community-based Health Promotion and Prevention Studies Group, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870 Australia
| | | | - Adrian Miller
- Indigenous Research Unit, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111 Australia
| | - Anthony Shakeshaft
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | | | - Robyn McDermott
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870 Australia
| | - Robert Sanson-Fisher
- School of Medicine and Public Health (Public Health), University of Newcastle, Sydney, NSW 2000 Australia
| | - Valmae Ypinazar
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111 Australia
| | - David Martin
- College of Arts and Social Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jan A. Robertson
- Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD Australia
| | - Michelle S. Fitts
- Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD Australia
| | - Katrina Bird
- Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD Australia
| | - Bronwyn Honorato
- Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD Australia
| | - Simon Towle
- Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD Australia
| | - Caryn West
- Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD Australia
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Blume AW. Advances in Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Interventions Among Racial, Ethnic, and Sexual Minority Populations. Alcohol Res 2016; 38:47-54. [PMID: 27159811 PMCID: PMC4872612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance abuse research among racial, ethnic, and sexual minority populations historically has lagged behind that conducted with majority samples. However, interesting and potentially important advances in prevention, brief interventions, and treatment have been made in the last few years, at least among some minority populations, such as American Indian youth. New prevention efforts have focused on point-of-sale interventions for alcohol, as well as on family-unit interventions designed with subpopulation cultural values in mind. In addition, previously established evidence-based and culturally relevant interventions are being combined with computer technology. Empirical data support using brief interventions with patients of color in medical settings, capitalizing on teachable and reachable moments during a physical trauma or other health crisis. Finally, use of empirically supported treatment may be helpful, with a caveat that these interventions must appropriately match cultural traditions and respect the values of the clients. More research clearly is needed, especially among certain minority populations in the United States. A greater emphasis should be placed on developing novel, culturally grounded interventions in partnership with communities, in addition to adapting existing mainstream interventions for use by other cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur W Blume
- Department of Psychology at Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington
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