Factors affecting treatment motivation among Turkish patients receiving inpatient treatment due to alcohol/substance use disorder

Substance use-related factors and psychosocial characteristics among Turkish adults with early- and late-onset substance use disorder

The onset of substance use is a strong predictor of substance use disorders and related problems. This study examined the differences between early- and late-onset substance use in personality and substance use characteristics, traumatic experiences, and social support with a sample of 100 Turkish adults with substance use disorders. Early onset (<18 years) was associated with more traumatic experiences, increased risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and higher levels of depressive symptoms compared to late onset (≥18 years). Also, depressive symptoms, living, and working status were predictors of substance use onset. The study addresses the groups at risk of initiating substance use.

Social Support and Drug Abstention Motivation among Chinese Male Drug Addicts: A Moderated Mediation Model of Self-Control and Sensation-Seeking

The goal of this study is to examine how social support affects Chinese male drug addicts’ abstention motivation. To elucidate the mechanism as well as the boundary condition of the aforesaid influence, self-control and sensation-seeking were induced. Using the questionnaire method, the cross-sectional data were collected from 498 male drug addicts from one hospital and four compulsory isolation drug abstention centers in Central China region. The results indicated that social support has a positive direct and indirect effect on abstention motivation. The indirect influence is that the impact of social support on abstention motivation is mediated by self-control. The direct effect was moderated by sensation-seeking. Specifically, for individuals with low sensation-seeking, social support can significantly increase drug abstinence motivation, but this effect was not significant for those with high sensation-seeking. Theoretical and practical implications of the results were discussed.

Psychometric evaluation of the treatment entry questionnaire to assess extrinsic motivation for inpatient addiction treatment

INTRODUCTION

Valid multi-faceted measurement of motivation for substance use disorder (SUD) treatment is needed to help inform treatment approaches and predict outcomes. This study examined evidence of validity for the Treatment Entry Questionnaire (TEQ-9).

METHODS

Data represented individuals entering inpatient SUD treatment (n = 1455). We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess the three-factor structure of the TEQ-9 [identified (i.e., values/personally chooses treatment), introjected (i.e., internally controlled by guilt/shame) and external motivations (i.e., external pressure/demands)], and examined measurement invariance across gender, age, and ethno-racial identity. Correlation with readiness and confidence assessed convergent validity, while correlations with substance use problem severity and previous substance use treatment assessed meaningful group differences.

RESULTS

A three-factor structure was confirmed with all items loading significantly onto their respective factors (ps < 0.001). Each subscale demonstrated high internal consistency (Identified α = 0.90; Introjected α = 0.79; External α = 0.85). Each subscale demonstrated measurement invariance up to the scalar level across all sub-groups. Readiness, confidence, and substance use problem severity correlated as expected across various substances with the identified (rs = 0.098 - 0.262, ps < 0.05), and external (rs = -0.096 - -0.178, ps < 0.05) subscales. Additionally, the mean Identified subscale score was significantly higher among those who previously engaged in SUD treatment (p < 0.001). Findings for the Introjected subscale were more ambiguous.

CONCLUSIONS

Findings provide evidence for factorial validity, measurement invariance, convergent validity and group differences of the TEQ-9 in a large clinically mixed inpatient SUD treatment population, providing further support of its clinical and research utility.

How to Enhance the Motivation for Drug Detoxification: Consciousness Guidance and Behaviour Restriction of Family Intergenerational Ethics

Assisting substance users to recover from the behaviour of drug addiction and maintain long-term rehabilitation is a long and complicated process, in which the motivation to undergo drug rehabilitation plays a decisive role. So far, the cultural connotation of family and its mechanism of promoting behavioural change of substance users have not been fully explored. Through in-depth interviews with 15 drug rehabilitants, among which there were 7 women and 8 men, it is found that the motivation for drug rehabilitation is stimulated under the guidance and restriction of family ethics based on obligation and responsibility, which is mainly reflected in the longitudinal intergenerational responsibility. On the one hand, negative consequences such as intergenerational liability deficit and reputation damage lead substance users to reflect on ethical values. On the other hand, disciplines such as intergenerational responsibility and obligation and mutual assistance can correct the actual behaviour of substance users in ethical practice. In contrast to Western countries, which focus on external environmental factors such as family function, family relationships and family support, the motivation for drug rehabilitation in China places more emphasis on their identity and role as family members and corresponding responsibilities, which provides inspiration for developing social work services for substance users from family cultural norms.

Redemption from plight: a qualitative study on reasons behind treatment decisions among Iranian male opioid users

BACKGROUND

Opioid use remains a significant cause of harm to individual health. Perceived motives are of the main factors that help lead a patient into seeking treatment voluntarily to obviate that harm. The current study expands on the literature by exploring when and how male users of opioids become motivated to voluntarily seek treatment services.

METHODS

In a qualitative study in Isfahan city from January 2018 to March 2019, 55 male participants who had already started a variety of treatment services to withdraw their dependence on opioids were recruited. Selection of participants was based on a maximum variation purposive sampling strategy. Each participant took part in a unstructured interview to identify his motives for seeking opioid use treatment. Interviews were undertaken in eight different treatment centers. An inductive thematic analysis method was used to analyze the interviews.

RESULTS

The findings highlight that Iranian male opioid users have different motivations to seek treatment. To be precise, the findings illuminate three global themes and six themes as treatment-seeking motives among the participants including; motives related to family (reason for family and reason of family), quality of life (adverse effects on personal lifestyle and health) and economic motives (financial failure and job failure).

CONCLUSIONS

The findings can improve our understanding of the motives for seeking treatment from the perspective of opioid patients who entered themselves into treatment. Particularly, these findings could help policymakers and treatment providers to better understand opioid-use patient's perceived concerns and fears as motives for treatment-seeking.

Evaluation of Motivation for the Treatment of Drug Addicts with Personality Disorders

Lack of motivation for the treatment of drug addiction is associated with dropout and relapses. Further, personality disorders (PD) have traditionally been linked to low motivation and therapeutic failure. Thus, the present study aims to analyze the structure of the Motivation for Treatment Questionnaire (MTQ-8), as well as to determine differences in motivation due to the presence of PD and the impact of psychological adjustment on motivation. The sample included 125 patients (84% male) who started a treatment for their addiction to cocaine and alcohol. Rasch analysis was applied for the first objective, and means contrast and regression analysis for the others. The two subscales of the MTQ-8 fit the Rasch model, with appropriate psychometric characteristics when merging Items 5 and 7. The presence of PD was not associated with reduced motivation. Motivation for treatment was greater when abstinence was less than three weeks, and psychological distress predicted motivation for treatment. The present study confirms that MTQ-8 subscales are suitable for measuring motivation for treatment and readiness for change in drug-dependent patients. It is noted that the presence of PD should not be associated with a lower level of motivation, and that psychological distress influences motivation.