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Bo A, Jaccard J. Perceived Racial and Ethnic Discrimination, Depression, and Alcohol Use Intentions Among Inner-City Latinx Youth: Cross-Generational Effects. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2024:10.1007/s11121-024-01695-6. [PMID: 38862830 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-024-01695-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Among the many social determinants linked to adolescent alcohol use and depression, racial and ethnic discrimination is a prevalent determinant among Latinx adolescents and adults that is largely overlooked in preventive interventions. This study explored the influence of perceived racial and ethnic discrimination on depressive symptoms and alcohol use intentions among Latinx adolescents. Additionally, the study explored the cross-generational effects of how mothers' perceived discrimination impacts the depressive symptoms and alcohol use of the adolescent. The study used a sample of 800 inner-city Dominican and Puerto Rican adolescent-mother dyads (adolescent mean age = 12.42 years, SD = 0.81; mother mean age = 40.55 years, SD = 8.70). Employing a five-wave panel design that followed adolescents from 8th grade to 10th grade, the study found statistically significant mediation pathways which showed that adolescents' self-reported racial and ethnic discrimination experiences were associated with increases in their immediate and long-term depressive symptoms, which in turn were associated with stronger intentions to use alcohol in the future. Further, perceived racial and ethnic discrimination experienced by Latinx mothers was associated with increases in adolescents' intentions to drink alcohol in the future, mediated by the mothers' depressive symptoms and subsequently the adolescents' depressive symptoms. As discussed, these findings have wide-ranging implications for alcohol use prevention programs targeting inner-city Latinx adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Bo
- Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, Department of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Enderis Hall 1175, 2400 E. Hartford Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
| | - James Jaccard
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, USA
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Hastings PD, Ugarte E, Mashash M, Marceau K, Natsuaki MN, Shirtcliff EA, Zahn-Waxler C, Klimes-Dougan B. The codevelopment of adolescents' and parents' anxiety and depression: Moderating influences of youth gender and psychophysiology. Depress Anxiety 2021; 38:1234-1244. [PMID: 34110070 DOI: 10.1002/da.23183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
METHODS In a 2-year longitudinal study of 220 families, we examined how youth gender and adrenocortical and parasympathetic activity moderated reciprocal, bidirectional relations between parent and youth anxiety and depression problems. RESULTS Maternal anxiety predicted subsequent youth anxiety and depression. Maternal depression predicted youth anxiety and, for daughters and youth with low adrenocortical reactivity, youth depression. Youth depression predicted maternal depression only for youth with high adrenocortical reactivity. There were no associations between paternal and youth psychopathology. DISCUSSION Examining youth gender and psychophysiological characteristics that shape the nature of bidirectional influences may inform efforts to identify families at heightened risk for intergenerational transmission of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Hastings
- Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Elisa Ugarte
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Meital Mashash
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kristine Marceau
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Misaki N Natsuaki
- Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | | | - Carolyn Zahn-Waxler
- Department of Psychology and Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Maternal suicidality interacts with blunted reward processing to prospectively predict increases in depressive symptoms in 8-to-14-year-old girls. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 170:67-74. [PMID: 34648887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Both a hypoactive reward system and maternal depression are associated with the onset of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in youth. Recent research indicates that blunted reward processing and maternal history of depression may interact to predict increases in depressive symptoms, however, the role of specific maternal depressive symptoms has not been examined. The current study investigated whether maternal depressive symptoms, history of MDD, and suicidal thoughts and/or behaviors (STBs) might lead to prospective increases in depressive symptoms one year later in the context of hypoactive reward processing. In a sample (N = 212) of 8 to 14-year-old girls, we assessed depressive symptoms in youth at baseline and follow up, while reward processing was measured using the Reward Positivity (RewP) event-related brain potential. Maternal STBs, current depressive symptoms, and history of maternal MDD were assessed at baseline. The results indicated that only girls with a blunted RewP and maternal STBs exhibited increased depressive symptoms one year later. These results were not evident when maternal depressive symptoms or maternal history of MDD was examined as the moderator. Overall, the current study provides evidence that maternal STBs uniquely impact youth with blunted reward processing.
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Wilkinson K, Ball S, Mitchell SB, Ukoumunne OC, O'Mahen HA, Tejerina-Arreal M, Hayes R, Berry V, Petrie I, Ford T. The longitudinal relationship between child emotional disorder and parental mental health in the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health surveys 1999 and 2004. J Affect Disord 2021; 288:58-67. [PMID: 33839559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests parental psychopathology has an adverse effect on child mental health. However, due to the interactional nature of parent-child relationships and with a high rate of emotional disorders reported in school-age children, it is important to know whether the effect is reciprocal. METHODS We explored the longitudinal relationship between child and parent mental health in the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Surveys (N=7,100 child-parent dyads) and their three-year follow-ups. The Development and Well-Being Assessment with DSM-IV diagnostic criteria was used to measure child psychiatric diagnoses, while parental mental health was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the longitudinal association between child emotional disorder and parent mental health. RESULTS Parents of children who had an emotional disorder at baseline were more likely to have poor mental health three years later compared with parents whose children had no psychiatric diagnosis (33.3% versus 16.7%; crude odds ratio=2.52; adjusted odds ratio=2.19, 95% CI=1.58 to 3.05, p<0.001). Children of parents with poor mental health at baseline were more likely to develop an emotional disorder three years later compared with children whose parents had good mental health (5.2% versus 2.5%; crude odds ratio=2.08; adjusted odds ratio=1.63, 95% CI=1.18 to 2.25, p=0.003). LIMITATIONS The findings of this research are limited by the survey data collected, the measures used and survey dropout. CONCLUSIONS We detected a bi-directional relationship between child and parent mental health, suggesting that effective intervention for one individual may benefit other family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wilkinson
- NIHR ARC South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter Medical School, South Cloisters, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
| | - S Ball
- NIHR ARC South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter Medical School, South Cloisters, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - S B Mitchell
- Child Mental Health Group, University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, South Cloisters, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - O C Ukoumunne
- NIHR ARC South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter Medical School, South Cloisters, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - H A O'Mahen
- University of Exeter Mood Disorders Centre, Sir Henry Wellcome Building, Streatham Drive, Exeter, EX4 4QG, UK
| | - M Tejerina-Arreal
- Child Mental Health Group, University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, South Cloisters, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - R Hayes
- Child Mental Health Group, University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, South Cloisters, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - V Berry
- NIHR ARC South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter Medical School, South Cloisters, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - I Petrie
- Child Mental Health Group, University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, South Cloisters, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - T Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Douglas House, 18B Trumpington Road, Cambridge, CB2 2AH, UK
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Reed-Fitzke K, Withers MC, Watters ER. Longitudinal Connections of Self-esteem and Depression Among Adult Children and their Parents. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10804-021-09371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Atkins R, Luo R, Wunnenberg M, Ayres C, Lipman TH, Pena-Cardinali V, Hayes L, Deatrick JA. Contributors to Depressed Mood in Black Single Mothers. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2020; 41:38-48. [PMID: 31424976 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2019.1631414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Participants: A convenience sample of 210 community dwelling Black single mothers ages 18 to 45, who reside in U.S. urban communities.Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional design was employed. Participants responded to an open-ended question that asked about reasons for depressed mood. A directed approach to content analysis was used to categorize the responses based on existing theoretical formulations and empirical findings about the causes of depression in women. Percentages and frequencies were used to describe the results of the analysis.Findings: A total of 319 usable responses were provided. Collectively and individually the most frequent responses were consistent with Social/Environmental factors such as lack of financial resources (n = 115; 36.05%), followed by Psychological factors such as general cognitive/emotional feelings of stress (n = 60; 18.81%), and parenting stressors or daily hassles (n = 40; 12.54%). Physiologic factors such as a having physiologic or medical conditions were reported less often (n = 14; 4.39%).Conclusions/Implications: Social/Environmental and Psychological factors contribute to depressed mood more often than Physiological factors in Black single mothers. Depression prevention efforts should target the social determinants of mental health in Black single mothers who should be connected with appropriate financial, psychological, educational and social service resources in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahshida Atkins
- School of Nursing-Camden, Rutgers The State University, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rufan Luo
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey-Camden, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mary Wunnenberg
- School of Nursing-Camden, Rutgers The State University, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Cynthia Ayres
- School of Nursing-Camden, Rutgers The State University, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Terri H Lipman
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Latisha Hayes
- School of Nursing-Camden, Rutgers The State University, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Janet A Deatrick
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Atkins R, Gage G, Kelly TA, Joseph PV, Johnson S, Ojo K, Williams W. Exploring Expressions of Depression in Black Single Mothers. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2018; 39:935-945. [PMID: 30204027 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2018.1466942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM This study investigates the experience of depression from the perspective of Black single mothers, an understudied diverse-sub-group who consistently report high levels of depressive symptoms that go undetected and untreated. PARTICIPANTS The sample consisted of 210 Black single mothers aged 18-45 who reside in urban communities. METHODS A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used to categorize the responses of Black single mothers to an open-ended question that asks about feelings of depression according to the four domains of the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Percentages and frequencies were used to describe the results of the analysis. FINDINGS The 303 usable responses were most consistent with the depressed affect domain (N = 172), followed by somatic activity (N = 108), interpersonal symptoms (N = 21), and lack of positive affect (N = 2). The most prevalent raw responses included sadness (N = 59), forms of anger (N = 48), depressed (N = 24), cry (N = 23), do not want to be around people (N = 21), lonely (N = 17), tired (N = 16), and stressed (N = 12). CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS Consider culture and individualized assessments to explore feelings of anger and sadness when screening for depressive symptoms in specific sub-groups of Black single mothers. Consider the use of appropriate screening tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahshida Atkins
- a Rutgers The State University School of Nursing-Camden , Camden , New Jersey , USA
| | - Gale Gage
- b Department of Nursing , Essex County College , Newark , New Jersey , USA
| | - Terri-Ann Kelly
- a Rutgers The State University School of Nursing-Camden , Camden , New Jersey , USA
| | - Paule V Joseph
- c Biobehavioral Branch, Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit (SenSMet), Division of Intramural Research, NINR, NIH, DHHS , NIH Clinical Research Center , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
| | - Shanda Johnson
- d Nursing Department , New Jersey City University , Jersey City , New Jersey , USA
| | - Kafilat Ojo
- e Harlem Hospital Center , Columbia University Medical Center , New York , New York , USA
| | - Wanda Williams
- a Rutgers The State University School of Nursing-Camden , Camden , New Jersey , USA
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Ho SMY, Cheng J, Dai DWT, Tam T, Hui O. The effect of positive and negative memory bias on anxiety and depression symptoms among adolescents. J Clin Psychol 2018; 74:1509-1525. [PMID: 29488626 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the interaction effect of anxiety and depression on the intentional forgetting of positive and negative valence words. METHODS One hundred fifty-five grade 7 to grade 10 students participated in the study. The item-method directed forgetting paradigm was used to examine the intentional forgetting of positive-valence, negative-valence, and neutral-valence words. RESULTS Negative-valence words were recognized better than either positive-valence or neutral-valence words. The results revealed an anxiety main effect (p = .01, LLCI = -.09, and ULCI = -.01) and a depression main effect (p = .04, LLCI = .00, and ULCI = .24). The anxiety score was negative, whereas the depression score was positively related to the directed forgetting of negative-valence words. Regression-based moderation analysis revealed a significant anxiety × depression interaction effect on the directed forgetting of positive-valence words (p = .02, LLCI = .00, and ULCI = .01). Greater anxiety was associated with more directed forgetting of positive-valance words only among participants with high depression scores. With negative-valence words, the anxiety × depression interaction effect was not significant (p = .15, LLCI = - .00, and ULCI = .01). CONCLUSION Therapeutic strategies to increase positive memory bias may reduce anxiety symptoms only among those with high depression scores. Interventions to reduce negative memory bias may reduce anxiety symptoms irrespective of levels of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Y Ho
- Psychology Laboratory, Department of Applied Social Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph Cheng
- Psychology Laboratory, Department of Applied Social Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Titian Tam
- Psychology Laboratory, Department of Applied Social Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Otilia Hui
- Psychology Laboratory, Department of Applied Social Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Murdock KW, Pittman LD, Fagundes CP. Maternal and Paternal Predictors of Child Depressive Symptoms: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Framework. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2018; 27:559-568. [PMID: 29755248 PMCID: PMC5945219 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-017-0910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Family members are theorized to influence each other via transactional or systems related processes; however, the literature is limited given its focus on mother-child relationships and the utilization of statistical approaches that do not model interdependence within family members. The current study evaluated associations between self-reported parental affect, parenting behavior, and child depressive symptoms among 103 mother-father-child triads. Children ranged in age from 8 to 12 years. Higher maternal negative affect was associated with greater maternal and paternal harsh/negative parenting behavior. While maternal negative affect was directly associated with child depressive symptoms, paternal negative affect was indirectly associated with child depressive symptoms via paternal harsh/negative behavior. In a separate model, maternal positive affect was indirectly associated with child depressive symptoms via maternal supportive/positive behavior. These results highlight the importance of simultaneously modeling maternal and paternal characteristics as predictors of child depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W Murdock
- Department of Psychology, Rice University
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University
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Piqueras JA, Martín-Vivar M, Sandin B, San Luis C, Pineda D. The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale: A systematic review and reliability generalization meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2017; 218:153-169. [PMID: 28475961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are among the most common mental disorders during childhood and adolescence. Among the instruments for the brief screening assessment of symptoms of anxiety and depression, the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) is one of the more widely used. Previous studies have demonstrated the reliability of the RCADS for different assessment settings and different versions. The aims of this study were to examine the mean reliability of the RCADS and the influence of the moderators on the RCADS reliability. METHODS We searched in EBSCO, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and NCBI databases and other articles manually from lists of references of extracted articles. RESULTS A total of 146 studies were included in our meta-analysis. The RCADS showed robust internal consistency reliability in different assessment settings, countries, and languages. We only found that reliability of the RCADS was significantly moderated by the version of RCADS. However, these differences in reliability between different versions of the RCADS were slight and can be due to the number of items. LIMITATIONS We did not examine factor structure, factorial invariance across gender, age, or country, and test-retest reliability of the RCADS. CONCLUSIONS The RCADS is a reliable instrument for cross-cultural use, with the advantage of providing more information with a low number of items in the assessment of both anxiety and depression symptoms in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bonifacio Sandin
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - David Pineda
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
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Tichovolsky MH, Griffith SF, Rolon-Arroyo B, Arnold DH, Harvey EA. A Longitudinal Study of Fathers' and Young Children's Depressive Symptoms. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 47:S190-S204. [PMID: 27654698 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2016.1212357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Considerable research has examined the effects of maternal depression on children, but few studies have focused on the relation between paternal and child depressive symptoms, particularly during early childhood. Even fewer studies have been longitudinal, leaving open questions about how paternal and child depression covary over time. The present study sought to address this gap by examining the relation between fathers' and children's depressive symptoms over a 3-year period. Participants were 153 preschool children with behavior problems and their parents. Three longitudinal analytic approaches were used to examine how father and child depression change together and predict one another over time. Additional analyses examined whether externalizing problems or maternal depression might account for the associations between fathers' and children's depressive symptoms. Changes in paternal depression significantly predicted changes in father-reported and mother-reported child depressive symptoms. These effects were evident both in year-to-year fluctuations and in linear trajectories across the 3-year period. Cross-lagged analyses suggested that these relations may have been driven by father-effects; paternal depression at one time point predicted child depression at the next time point, but child depression did not significantly predict later paternal depression. We found little evidence that externalizing problems or maternal depression accounted for the relations between fathers' and children's depressive symptoms. Results provide convergent evidence that fathers' depression may play an important role in the development of depressive symptoms in young children and underscore the importance of including fathers in studies of depression in families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shayl F Griffith
- a Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | - Benjamin Rolon-Arroyo
- a Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | - David H Arnold
- a Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | - Elizabeth A Harvey
- a Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , University of Massachusetts Amherst
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