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Barkauskienė R, Sharp C, Kerr S, Gaudiešiūtė E, Goth K, Skabeikytė-Norkienė G. Examining the Validity of the Levels of Personality Functioning Questionnaire for Adolescents Aged 12-18 (LOPF-Q 12-18): A Replication and Extension With a Sample of Lithuanian Adolescents. J Pers Disord 2024; 38:330-349. [PMID: 39093632 DOI: 10.1521/pedi.2024.38.4.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
With the shift to the dimensional model of personality pathology, the need for measures assessing personality functioning in adolescence has emerged. The Levels of Personality Functioning Questionnaire 12-18 (LoPF-Q 12-18) was developed specifically for adolescents, tailoring the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders in the DSM-5. Using the Lithuanian LoPF-Q 1218, we further investigate its validity by reexamining its factorial structure and extending convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity analyses. A total of 1,048 community-based and clinically referred 12-18-year-old adolescents completed the LoPF-Q 12-18 along with other self-report measures of personality pathology, psychopathological symptoms, and psychosocial functioning. In line with previous findings, the results supported the bifactor model consisting of a strong general factor and little multidimensionality caused by the group factors, overall suggesting an essentially unidimensional structure. Further analyses provided additional information on the construct validity of the LoPF-Q 12-18.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Sharp
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Sophie Kerr
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Kirstin Goth
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Clinics Saarland, Homburg, Germany
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Gaylord-Harden NK, Gilreath T, Burnside A, Mintah P, Lindsey MA. Profiles of Suicidal Ideation Among Black Male Adolescents: Examination of Individual and Socioecological Predictors. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37418319 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2023.2222395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study utilized latent profile analysis to identify distinct profiles of suicidal ideation among Black male adolescents and compared profiles on socioecological determinants of suicide and psychological symptoms. METHOD A sample of 457 Black male adolescents (mean age = 15.31, SD = 1.26) completed self-report measures of suicidal ideation, racial discrimination, community violence exposure, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. RESULTS Results of the latent profile analysis revealed a three-profile model: a low ideation profile, with low levels of all forms of suicidal ideation; a general death ideation profile with elevated general thoughts of death and dying; and a high, concealed ideation profile with high levels on all suicidal ideation items, except communicating the ideation to others. ANOVAs revealed that levels of psychological symptoms were significantly different for each profile, with the high, concealed ideation profile showing the highest levels. The low ideation profile had significantly lower scores than the two other profiles on community violence exposure, but the other two profiles did not differ significantly from one another. Further, the general death ideation profile had significantly higher scores on racial discrimination than the other two profiles, but the other two profiles did not differ significantly from one another. CONCLUSIONS The current study supports recent socio-cultural theories of suicidal ideation and behavior in Black youth and highlights the need for increased access to care and services for Black boys who are exposed to socioecological factors that heighten suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamika Gilreath
- Center for Health Equity and Evaluation Research, Texas A&M University
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Aydin S, Crone MR, Siebelink BM, Numans ME, Vermeiren RRJM, Westenberg PM. Informative value of referral letters from general practice for child and adolescent mental healthcare. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:303-315. [PMID: 34417876 PMCID: PMC9970945 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01859-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although referral letters (RLs) form a nodal point in a patient's care journey, little is known about their informative value in child and adolescent mental healthcare. To determine the informative value of RLs to child and adolescent psychiatry, we conducted a chart review in medical records of minors registered at specialized mental healthcare between January 2015 and December 2017 (The Netherlands). Symptoms indicated in RLs originating from general practice (N = 723) were coded and cross-tabulated with the best estimate clinical classifications made in psychiatry. Results revealed that over half of the minors in the sample were classified in concordance with at least one reason for referral. We found fair to excellent discriminative ability for indications made in RLs concerning the most common psychiatric classifications (95% CI AUC: 60.9-70.6 for anxiety disorders to 90.5-100.0 for eating disorders). Logistic regression analyses suggested no statistically significant effects of gender, age, severity or mental healthcare history, with the exception of age and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD), as RLs better predicted ADHD with increasing age (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.03-1.27). Contextual problems, such as difficulties studying, problems with parents or being bullied were indicated frequently and associated with classifications in various disorder groups. To conclude, general practitioners' RLs showed informative value, contrary to common beliefs. Replication studies are needed to reliably incorporate RLs into the diagnostic work-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aydin
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, LUMC Curium, Leiden University Medical Centre, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands.
| | - M R Crone
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - B M Siebelink
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, LUMC Curium, Leiden University Medical Centre, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - M E Numans
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R R J M Vermeiren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, LUMC Curium, Leiden University Medical Centre, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
- Youz, Parnassia Group, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P M Westenberg
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Guevara AMM, White RMB, Johnson SL, Nair RL, Roche KM. School racial-ethnic discrimination, rule-breaking behaviors and the mediating role of trauma among Latinx adolescents: Considerations for school mental health practice. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2022; 59:2005-2021. [PMID: 38188531 PMCID: PMC10768846 DOI: 10.1002/pits.22562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Much of the literature linking adversity to trauma fails to account for racialized experiences, including racial-ethnic discrimination, which is a highly prevalent form of adversity for youth of color in the U.S. Adversity and trauma often result in students experiencing elevated rule-breaking behaviors, exacerbating existing racial-ethnic disparities in disproportionate school discipline. Drawing from race-based trauma theory, the present study explored trauma as a mediator of the longitudinal association between racial-ethnic discrimination from teachers, other adults, and students in schools and rule-breaking behaviors among Latinx youth. Data were from a longitudinal study of 547 Latinx students in a southeastern U.S. state. Across gender and nativity groups, school racial-ethnic discrimination and trauma positively predicted later rule-breaking behaviors. Additionally, for girls only, increased levels of trauma partially explained the association between school racial-ethnic discrimination and rule-breaking behaviors. The study highlights the importance of addressing school racial-ethnic discrimination and trauma in equitable school metal health systems. Indeed, efforts aimed at reducing disproportionate school discipline among Latinx students should focus on reducing their exposure to school racial-ethnic discrimination and increasing access to trauma-informed and restorative justice approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Meléndez Guevara
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Family and Human Development, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Rebecca M B White
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Family and Human Development, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Sarah Lindstrom Johnson
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Family and Human Development, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Rajni L Nair
- College of Integrative Science and Arts, Science, Mathematics and Social Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Kathleen M Roche
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, Prevention and Community Health, The George Washington University, Washington, USA
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Shenk CE, O'Donnell KJ, Pokhvisneva I, Kobor MS, Meaney MJ, Bensman HE, Allen EK, Olson AE. Epigenetic Age Acceleration and Risk for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder following Exposure to Substantiated Child Maltreatment. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2022; 51:651-661. [PMID: 33471576 PMCID: PMC8289945 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2020.1864738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Child maltreatment is among the strongest predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, less than 40% of children who have been maltreated are ever diagnosed with PTSD, suggesting that exposure to child maltreatment alone is insufficient to explain this risk. This study examined whether epigenetic age acceleration, a stress-sensitive biomarker derived from DNA methylation, explains variation in PTSD diagnostic status subsequent to child maltreatment. METHOD Children and adolescents (N = 70; 65.7% female), 8-15 years of age (M = 12.00, SD = 2.37) and exposed to substantiated child maltreatment within the 12 months prior to study entry, were enrolled. Participants provided epithelial cheek cells via buccal swab for genotyping and quantification of epigenetic age acceleration within a case-control design. PTSD diagnostic status was determined using the Child PTSD Symptoms Scale according to the DSM-IV-TR algorithm. RESULTS Epigenetic age acceleration predicted current PTSD status, revealing an effect size magnitude in the moderate range, OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.22- 4.51, after adjusting for sample demographics, polygenic risk for PTSD, and lifetime exposure to other childhood adversities. Supplemental analyses demonstrated that epigenetic age acceleration was related to a greater severity of PTSD arousal symptoms (r =.29, p =.015). There were no differential effects for child maltreatment subtype on epigenetic age acceleration or PTSD status. CONCLUSIONS The biological embedding of child maltreatment may explain variation in PTSD diagnostic status and serve as a novel approach for informing selective prevention or precision-based therapeutics for those at risk for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad E Shenk
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine
| | - Kieran J O'Donnell
- The Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University
- Child and Brain Developmental Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
| | - Irina Pokhvisneva
- The Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University
| | - Michael S Kobor
- Child and Brain Developmental Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia
| | - Michael J Meaney
- The Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University
- Child and Brain Developmental Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences
| | - Heather E Bensman
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Elizabeth K Allen
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Anneke E Olson
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
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Cohen JR, Choi JW. Is ACEs Screening for Adolescent Mental Health Accurate and Fair? PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2022; 23:1216-1229. [PMID: 35778650 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly, adversity-focused assessment tools are being introduced into preventive mental health screening protocols. However, few studies have explicitly examined whether use of these instruments serves as equitable, clinically useful measures of mental health risk in adolescents. In response, the present study examined whether an adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) measure was accurate and fair as an index of environmental risk for adolescent mental health diagnoses. Secondary data analyses were conducted on the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement. Adolescents (N = 10,148; AgeMean = 15.20; 51.3% male; 65.6% White, 15.1% Black, and 14.4% Hispanic) answered ten questions concerning childhood adversities and completed diagnostic interviews for PTSD, depression, and externalizing disorders. In the overall sample, ACEs showed some clinical utility (e.g., area under the curve (AUCs) ≥ 0.64), diagnostic likelihood ratios (DLRs) > 4.0) and acceptable calibration (i.e., expected/observed indices' confidence intervals included 1) across diagnoses. Within subpopulations, however, predictive validity varied. The AUCs were lower for multiple diagnoses in Black male and Hispanic female adolescents and DLRs suggested greater clinical utility for indexing mental health in White, female adolescents. Finally, models were not well-calibrated between adolescent subpopulations, suggesting recommended ACEs screening can potentially produce biased results when used to inform mental health policy and prevention. Reasons for why results from ACEs screening may vary across adolescent subpopulations and the importance of testing statistical fairness for preventive mental health screening are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Cohen
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 East Daniel St., IL, 61820, Champaign, USA.
| | - Jae Wan Choi
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 East Daniel St., IL, 61820, Champaign, USA
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Marshall K, Venta A. Psychometric Evaluation of the Caregiver Version of the Child PTSD Symptom Scale in a Recently Immigrated, Spanish Speaking Population. Psychiatry Res 2021; 301:113954. [PMID: 33951575 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a large increase in the number of youth and families emigrating from Central America to the United States to escape extreme violence and crime victimization. As a result, the rate of trauma-exposure and trauma-related distress among this population is alarmingly high and necessitates representation of this population in psychological research, particularly related to trauma symptom measurement. The broad aim of the current study was to examine the psychometric performance of caregiver-reported data on one such instrument intended to measure youth trauma symptoms. Specifically, we sought to document the psychometric performance of the Child PTSD Symptoms Scale (CPSS) with recently immigrated Spanish-Speaking youth and caregivers from Central America by examining the convergent, divergent, and concurrent validity of the caregiver-report form. Overall, the measure showed psychometric promise as it broadly demonstrated adequate concurrent and convergent. Results also suggested that further research is needed to better understand how to reduce the comorbidity that is often depicted in caregiver reports, which can lead to poor discriminant validity. Regardless, current findings suggest the appropriateness of incorporating caregiver reports of youth trauma in Spanish-speaking, recently immigrated youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Marshall
- Sam Houston State University, Department of Psychology, Huntsville, Texas, United States
| | - Amanda Venta
- University of Houston Department of Psychology, Houston, Texas, United States.
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Holfeld B, Mishna F. The Development of Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms among Adolescents Who Experience Cyber and Traditional Victimization over Time. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 50:2339-2350. [PMID: 33515371 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents' experiences of bullying victimization are positively associated with their post-traumatic stress symptoms. The development of these symptoms alongside experiences of bullying victimization over time, however, are not well understood. The current study used a transactional theory of development to examine the bidirectional associations between adolescents' post-traumatic stress symptoms and experiences of cyber and traditional victimization across three academic years. Participants were 510 Canadian students in grade 7 or 10 (Mage = 13.7, 61.6% girls) who completed surveys annually. The findings show that adolescents' concurrent experiences of cyber and traditional victimization were uniquely associated with their post-traumatic stress symptoms. Over time, greater post-traumatic stress symptoms were associated with more experiences of cyber and traditional victimization among adolescent boys and girls. Prevention and intervention efforts must address the role of post-traumatic stress symptoms that may limit adolescents' ability to develop or maintain healthy relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Holfeld
- Department of Psychology, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, A2H 5G4, Canada.
| | - Faye Mishna
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Vitopoulos NA, Peterson-Badali M, Brown S, Skilling TA. The Relationship Between Trauma, Recidivism Risk, and Reoffending in Male and Female Juvenile Offenders. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2019; 12:351-364. [PMID: 32318205 PMCID: PMC7163832 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-018-0238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Elevated rates of traumatic experience in the juvenile justice population are well established. Nevertheless, the role of trauma and its application to rehabilitation and recidivism in a criminal justice context remains hotly debated, particularly for female youth. The Risk-Need-Responsivity framework, the predominant model for risk assessment and case management in juvenile justice, does not consider trauma to be a risk factor for offending. This study examined- Posttraumatic Stress symptomology, maltreatment history, and childhood adversity - in relation to RNR risk factors for reoffending (criminogenic needs) and recidivism in a sample of female and male juvenile offenders. Rates of PTS symptomology, maltreatment, and childhood adversity were significantly higher in this sample compared to prevalence in the general population. Females were more likely to have experienced maltreatment. Several maltreatment and childhood adversity types were significantly related to criminogenic needs. PTS symptomology and adversity were not significant predictors of recidivism when entered alongside criminogenic needs; however, maltreatment was the strongest predictor of recidivism for both male and female youth in a model that included criminogenic needs. Gender did not moderate the relationship between maltreatment and recidivism. The importance of considering youths' maltreatment history in their rehabilitative care is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina A. Vitopoulos
- Applied Psychology and Human Development, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Present Address: Child, Youth and Family Program, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, 252 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R7 Canada
| | - Michele Peterson-Badali
- Applied Psychology and Human Development, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shelley Brown
- Department of Psychology and Institute of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tracey A. Skilling
- Present Address: Child, Youth and Family Program, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, 252 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R7 Canada
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Cohen JR, So FK, Hankin BL, Young JF. Translating Cognitive Vulnerability Theory Into Improved Adolescent Depression Screening: A Receiver Operating Characteristic Approach. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2019; 48:582-595. [PMID: 29368955 PMCID: PMC6060010 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2017.1416617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, screening research tests how well a given symptom inventory can identify a concurrent depressive episode. Although developmental psychopathology could inform screening protocols for a myriad of depression outcomes (e.g., prospective depressive episodes), approaches typically used in research make it difficult to translate these findings. Using a translational analytic approach and multiwave longitudinal study design, we examined how screening for cognitive vulnerabilities (rumination, dysfunctional attitudes, and attributional style) may improve our ability to identify concurrent depressive episodes, prospective depressive episodes, first lifetime episodes of depression, and recurrent major depressive episodes. There were 473 sixth-grade (early adolescents) and ninth-grade (middle adolescents; AgeM = 13.15, AgeSD = 1.62) students who completed baseline self-report cognitive vulnerability and depressive symptom measures. At baseline and every 6 months for 3 years, pediatric depression interviews were completed by the caregiver and youth. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) approach was utilized to test our aims. Distinct algorithms best forecasted our depression outcomes. Rumination and attributional style emerged as unique and incrementally valid predictors for prospective episodes after controlling for baseline depressive symptoms. Rumination was the only unique predictor for first lifetime depressive episodes. For recurrent major depression, rumination in early adolescence and attributional style in middle adolescence served as incremental predictors beyond baseline depressive symptoms. Proposed cutoffs and diagnostic likelihood ratios are offered for algorithms for each depression outcome. Assessing cognitive vulnerability represents a feasible method to improve depression screening initiatives. Using an ROC-informed approach can help prevention initiatives better leverage the considerable gains made within developmental psychopathology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Cohen
- a Department of Psychology , University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign
| | - Felix K So
- a Department of Psychology , University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign
| | - Benjamin L Hankin
- a Department of Psychology , University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign
| | - Jami F Young
- b Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
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Lenz AS, Luo Y. Differential Estimation of Treatment Effect Between Clinician-Administered and Self-Reported PTSD Assessments. JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jcad.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Stephen Lenz
- Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi
| | - Ye Luo
- Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi
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12
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Winningham RD, Banks DE, Buetlich MR, Aalsma MC, Zapolski TCB. Substance use disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder symptomology on behavioral outcomes among juvenile justice youth. Am J Addict 2018; 28:29-35. [PMID: 30576034 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Substance use behaviors have been identified as a risk factor that places juveniles at greater risk for engaging in delinquent behaviors and continual contact with the juvenile justice system. Currently, there is lack of research that explores comorbid factors associated with substance use, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, that could help identify youth who are at greatest risk. The aim of the present study was to examine if PTSD symptomology moderated the relationship between substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms and externalizing behaviors and commission of a violent crime; hypothesizing that risk would be heightened among youth with elevated SUD and PTSD symptomology compared to those with elevated SUD symptoms but lower PTSD symptoms. METHOD The study included 194 predominantly male (78.4%), non-White (74.2%) juvenile justice youth between the ages of 9-18 (M = 15.36). Youth provided responses to assess PTSD symptoms, SUD symptoms, and externalizing behaviors. Commission of a violent crime was based on parole officer report. RESULTS Findings indicated that SUD symptomology was associated with greater externalizing behaviors at high levels of PTSD symptomology. At low levels of PTSD symptomology, SUD symptoms were inversely associated with externalizing behaviors. An interactive relationship was not observed for commission of violent crimes. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that the association between SUD symptoms and externalizing behaviors among juvenile offenders may be best explained by the presence of PTSD symptomology. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Addressing PTSD rather than SUD symptoms may be a better target for reducing risk for externalizing behaviors among this population of youth (Am J Addict 2019;28:29-35).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devin E Banks
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Marcy R Buetlich
- Department of Psychological Science, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Matthew C Aalsma
- School of Medicine-Pediatrics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Tamika C B Zapolski
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana
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13
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Danielson CK, Cohen JR, Adams ZW, Youngstrom EA, Soltis K, Amstadter AB, Ruggiero KJ. Clinical Decision-Making Following Disasters: Efficient Identification of PTSD Risk in Adolescents. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 45:117-129. [PMID: 27103002 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-016-0159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to utilize a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) approach in order to improve clinical decision-making for adolescents at risk for the development of psychopathology in the aftermath of a natural disaster. Specifically we assessed theoretically-driven individual, interpersonal, and event-related vulnerability factors to determine which indices were most accurate in forecasting PTSD. Furthermore, we aimed to translate these etiological findings by identifying clinical cut-off recommendations for relevant vulnerability factors. Our study consisted of structured phone-based clinical interviews with 2000 adolescent-parent dyads living within a 5-mile radius of tornados that devastated Joplin, MO, and northern Alabama in Spring 2011. Demographics, tornado incident characteristics, prior trauma, mental health, and family support and conflict were assessed. A subset of youth completed two behavioral assessment tasks online to assess distress tolerance and risk-taking behavior. ROC analyses indicated four variables that significantly improved PTSD diagnostic efficiency: Lifetime depression (AUC = .90), trauma history (AUC = .76), social support (AUC = .70), and family conflict (AUC = .72). Youth were 2-3 times more likely to have PTSD if they had elevated scores on any of these variables. Of note, event-related characteristics (e.g., property damage) were not related to PTSD diagnostic status. The present study adds to the literature by making specific recommendations for empirically-based, efficient disaster-related PTSD assessment for adolescents following a natural disaster. Implications for practice and future trauma-related developmental psychopathology research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Kmett Danielson
- National Crime Victims Research & Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - Joseph R Cohen
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Zachary W Adams
- National Crime Victims Research & Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Eric A Youngstrom
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn Soltis
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ananda B Amstadter
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kenneth J Ruggiero
- Technology Applications Center for Healthful Lifestyles, College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
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