1
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Patel MV, Peltier HM, Matulenko MA, Koenig JR, C Scanio MJ, Gum RJ, El-Kouhen OF, Fricano MM, Lundgaard GL, Neelands T, Zhang XF, Zhan C, Pai M, Ghoreishi-Haack N, Hudzik T, Gintant G, Martin R, McGaraughty S, Xu J, Bow D, Kalvass JC, Kym PR, DeGoey DA, Kort ME. Discovery of (R)-(3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)(6-((5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)quinolin-2-yl)methanone (ABBV-318) and analogs as small molecule Na v1.7/ Nav1.8 blockers for the treatment of pain. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 63:116743. [PMID: 35436748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 is an attractive target for the treatment of pain based on the high level of target validation with genetic evidence linking Nav1.7 to pain in humans. Our effort to identify selective, CNS-penetrant Nav1.7 blockers with oral activity, improved selectivity, good drug-like properties, and safety led to the discovery of 2-substituted quinolines and quinolones as potent small molecule Nav1.7 blockers. The design of these molecules focused on maintaining potency at Nav1.7, improving selectivity over the hERG channel, and overcoming phospholipidosis observed with the initial leads. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies leading to the discovery of (R)-(3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)(6-((5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)quinolin-2-yl)methanone (ABBV-318) are described herein. ABBV-318 displayed robust in vivo efficacy in both inflammatory and neuropathic rodent models of pain. ABBV-318 also inhibited Nav1.8, another sodium channel isoform that is an active target for the development of new pain treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena V Patel
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Hillary M Peltier
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Mark A Matulenko
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - John R Koenig
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Marc J C Scanio
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Rebecca J Gum
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Odile F El-Kouhen
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Meagan M Fricano
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Greta L Lundgaard
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Torben Neelands
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Xu-Feng Zhang
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Cenchen Zhan
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Madhavi Pai
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | | | - Thomas Hudzik
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Gary Gintant
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Ruth Martin
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Steve McGaraughty
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Jun Xu
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Daniel Bow
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - John C Kalvass
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Philip R Kym
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - David A DeGoey
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Michael E Kort
- AbbVie, Research and Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
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2
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Bik E, Orleanska J, Mateuszuk L, Baranska M, Majzner K, Chlopicki S. Raman and fluorescence imaging of phospholipidosis induced by cationic amphiphilic drugs in endothelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119186. [PMID: 34902479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) are known from lysosomotropism, drug-induced phospholipidosis (DIPL), activation of autophagy, and decreased cell viability, but the relationship between these events is not clear and little is known about DIPL in the endothelium. In this work, the effects of fluoxetine, amiodarone, clozapine, and risperidone on human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) were studied using a combined methodology of label-free Raman imaging and fluorescence staining. Raman spectroscopy was applied to characterize biochemical changes in lipid profile and their distribution in the cellular compartments, while fluorescence staining (LysoTracker, LipidTOX, LC3B, and JC-1) was used to analyze lysosome volume expansion, activation of autophagy, lipid accumulation, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. We demonstrated that fluoxetine, amiodarone, and clozapine, but not risperidone, at non-toxic concentrations induced lipid accumulations in the perinuclear and cytoplasmic regions of endothelial cells. Spectroscopic markers of DIPL included a robust increase in the ratio (lipid/(protein + lipid)), an increase in choline-containing lipid, fatty acids, and the presence of cholesterol esters, while starvation-induced activated autophagy revealed a spectroscopic signature associated with subtle changes in the lipid profile only. Interestingly, lysosomal volume expansion, occurrence of DIPL, and activation of autophagy induced by selected CADs all depended on drug-accumulation in acidic pH of lysosome cellular compartments whereas reduced endothelial viability did not, and was attributed to mitochondrial mechanisms as evidenced by a decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential. In conclusion, drug-induced phospholipidosis in the endothelium did not reduce endothelial viability per se and can be efficiently assayed by Raman imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Bik
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jagoda Orleanska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Mateuszuk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Majzner
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Chair of Pharmacology, 16 Grzegorzecka Str., 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
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3
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Zhang X, Yang L, Liu Y, Song Z, Zhao J, Chen D, Yu H, Li R, Wang Y, Yang K, Chen Y, Xia M, Zhang LW. Detection of nanocarrier potentiation on drug induced phospholipidosis in cultured cells and primary hepatocyte spheroids by high content imaging and analysis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 348:54-66. [PMID: 29678448 PMCID: PMC6716368 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Considerable effort has been made to develop nanocarriers for controlled drug delivery over the last decade, while it remains unclear how the strength of adverse drug effect will be altered when a drug is loaded on the nanocarrier. Drug-induced phospholipidosis (DIP) is characterized with excessive accumulation of phospholipids in cells and is common for cationic amphiphilic drugs (CAD). Previously, we have reported that PEGylated graphene oxide (PEG-GO) loaded with several CAD can potentiate DIP. In current study, we extended our study on newly identified phospholipidosis (PLD) inducers that had been identified from the Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds (LOPAC), to investigate if PEO-GO loaded with these CAD can alter DIP. Twenty-two CAD were respectively loaded on PEG-GO and incubated with RAW264.7, a macrophage cell line. The results showed that when a CAD was loaded on PEG-GO, its strength of PLD induction can be enhanced, unchanged or attenuated. PEG-GO loaded with Ifenprodil exhibited the highest PEG-GO potentiation effect compared to Ifenprodil treatment alone in RAW264.7 cells, and this effect was confirmed in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2, another cell line model for PLD induction. Primary hepatocyte culture and spheroids mimicking in vivo conditions were used to further validate nanocarrier potentiation on DIP by Ifenprodil. Stronger phospholipid accumulation was found in PEG-GO/Ifenprodil treated hepatocytes or spheroids than Ifenprodil treatment alone. Therefore, evidences were provided by us that nanocarriers may increase the adverse drug effects and guidance by regulatory agencies need to be drafted for the safe use of nanotechnology in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihui Zhang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liecheng Yang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yongming Liu
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhentao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Huan Yu
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ruibin Li
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yangyun Wang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kai Yang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Leshuai W Zhang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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4
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Banno Y, Sasaki S, Kamata M, Kunitomo J, Miyamoto Y, Abe H, Taya N, Oi S, Watanabe M, Urushibara T, Hazama M, Niwa SI, Miyamoto S, Horinouchi A, Kuroshima KI, Amano N, Matsumoto SI, Matsunaga S. Design and synthesis of a novel series of orally active, selective somatostatin receptor 2 agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5995-6006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Takagi M, Sanoh S, Santoh M, Ejiri Y, Kotake Y, Ohta S. Detection of metabolic activation leading to drug-induced phospholipidosis in rat hepatocyte spheroids. J Toxicol Sci 2016; 41:155-64. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.41.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Takagi
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Seigo Sanoh
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Masataka Santoh
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Yoko Ejiri
- Molding Component Business Department, New business Development Division, Kuraray Co., Ltd
| | - Yaichiro Kotake
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Shigeru Ohta
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
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6
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Svennebring A. The role of intramolecular self-destruction of reactive metabolic intermediates in determining toxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:483-500. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Svennebring
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy; Uppsala University; Box 591 Uppsala 751 24 Sweden
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7
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Buratta S, Urbanelli L, Ferrara G, Sagini K, Goracci L, Emiliani C. A role for the autophagy regulator Transcription Factor EB in amiodarone-induced phospholipidosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 95:201-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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8
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High-content screening technology for studying drug-induced hepatotoxicity in cell models. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:1007-22. [PMID: 25787152 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
High-content screening is the application of automated microscopy and image analysis to both cell biology and drug discovery. Over the last decade, this technique has emerged as a useful technology that allows the simultaneous measurement of different parameters at a single-cell level. Hepatotoxicity is a compelling reason for drug nonapprovals and withdrawals. It is recognized that the safety of a compound cannot be based on a single in vitro assay, and existing methods are not predictive of drug-induced toxicity. However, different HCS assays have been recently demonstrated as being powerful for identifying different mechanisms implicated in drug-induced toxicity with high sensitivity and specificity. These assays integrate the data obtained from different cell function indicators and can be easily incorporated into basic screening processes for the safety evaluation and selection of drug candidates; thus, they contribute greatly to lessen the likelihood of drug failure. Exploring the use of cellular imaging technology in drug-induced liver injury by reviewing the different tests proposed provides evidence that this technology has a strong impact on drug discovery.
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9
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Goracci L, Buratta S, Urbanelli L, Ferrara G, Di Guida R, Emiliani C, Cross S. Evaluating the risk of phospholipidosis using a new multidisciplinary pipeline approach. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 92:49-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Novel triple reuptake inhibitors with low risk of CAD associated liabilities: Design, synthesis and biological activities of 4-[(1S)-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-methoxyethyl]piperidine and related compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:4600-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Muehlbacher M, Tripal P, Roas F, Kornhuber J. Identification of drugs inducing phospholipidosis by novel in vitro data. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1925-34. [PMID: 22945602 PMCID: PMC3533795 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced phospholipidosis (PLD) is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by the accumulation of phospholipids within the lysosome. This adverse drug effect can occur in various tissues and is suspected to impact cellular viability. Therefore, it is important to test chemical compounds for their potential to induce PLD during the drug design process. PLD has been reported to be a side effect of many commonly used drugs, especially those with cationic amphiphilic properties. To predict drug-induced PLD in silico, we established a high-throughput cell-culture-based method to quantitatively determine the induction of PLD by chemical compounds. Using this assay, we tested 297 drug-like compounds at two different concentrations (2.5 μM and 5.0 μM). We were able to identify 28 previously unknown PLD-inducing agents. Furthermore, our experimental results enabled the development of a binary classification model to predict PLD-inducing agents based on their molecular properties. This random forest prediction system yields a bootstrapped validated accuracy of 86 %. PLD-inducing agents overlap with those that target similar biological processes; a high degree of concordance with PLD-inducing agents was identified for cationic amphiphilic compounds, small molecules that inhibit acid sphingomyelinase, compounds that cross the blood-brain barrier, and compounds that violate Lipinski's rule of five. Furthermore, we were able to show that PLD-inducing compounds applied in combination additively induce PLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Muehlbacher
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen (Germany); Computer Chemistry Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Nägelsbachstr. 25, 91052 Erlangen (Germany)
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12
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Shayman JA, Abe A. Drug induced phospholipidosis: an acquired lysosomal storage disorder. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1831:602-11. [PMID: 22960355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There is a strong association between lysosome enzyme deficiencies and monogenic disorders resulting in lysosomal storage disease. Of the more than 75 characterized lysosomal proteins, two thirds are directly linked to inherited diseases of metabolism. Only one lysosomal storage disease, Niemann-Pick disease, is associated with impaired phospholipid metabolism. However, other phospholipases are found in the lysosome but remain poorly characterized. A recent exception is lysosomal phospholipase A2 (group XV phospholipase A2). Although no inherited disorder of lysosomal phospholipid metabolism has yet been associated with a loss of function of this lipase, this enzyme may be a target for an acquired form of lysosomal storage, drug induced phospholipidosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Phospholipids and Phospholipid Metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Shayman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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13
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Fey SJ, Wrzesinski K. Determination of drug toxicity using 3D spheroids constructed from an immortal human hepatocyte cell line. Toxicol Sci 2012; 127:403-11. [PMID: 22454432 PMCID: PMC3355318 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous publications have documented that the immortal cells grown in three-dimensional (3D) cultures possess physiological behavior, which is more reminiscent of their parental organ than when the same cells are cultivated using classical two-dimensional (2D) culture techniques. The goal of this study was to investigate whether this observation could be extended to the determination of LD50 values and whether 3D data could be correlated to in vivo observations. We developed a noninvasive means to estimate the amount of protein present in a 3D spheroid from it is planar area (± 21%) so that a precise dose can be provided in a manner similar to in vivo studies. This avoided correction of the actual dose given based on a protein determination after treatment (when some cells may have lysed). Conversion of published in vitro LC50 data (mM) for six common drugs (acetaminophen, amiodarone, diclofenac, metformin, phenformin, and valproic acid) to LD50 data (mg compound/mg cellular protein) showed that the variation in LD50 values was generally less than that suggested by the original LC50 data. Toxicological analysis of these six compounds in 3D spheroid culture (either published or presented here) demonstrated similar LD50 values. Although in vitro 2D HepG2 data showed a poor correlation, the primary hepatocyte and 3D spheroid data resulted in a much higher degree of correlation with in vivo lethal blood plasma levels. These results corroborate that 3D hepatocyte cultures are significantly different from 2D cultures and are more representative of the liver in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Fey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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14
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Park S, Choi YJ, Lee BH. In vitro validation of drug-induced phospholipidosis. J Toxicol Sci 2012; 37:261-7. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.37.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sora Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
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15
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Tilmant K, Gerets H, Dhalluin S, Hanon E, Depelchin O, Cossu-Leguille C, Vasseur P, Atienzar F. Comparison of a genomic and a multiplex cell imaging approach for the detection of phospholipidosis. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1414-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Zhou L, Geraci G, Hess S, Yang L, Wang J, Argikar U. Predicting Phospholipidosis: A Fluorescence Noncell Based in Vitro Assay for the Determination of Drug–Phospholipid Complex Formation in Early Drug Discovery. Anal Chem 2011; 83:6980-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200683k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhou
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gina Geraci
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sloan Hess
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Linhong Yang
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jianling Wang
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Upendra Argikar
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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17
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Evaluation and validation of multiple cell lines and primary mouse macrophages to predict phospholipidosis potential. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1934-43. [PMID: 21767630 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipidosis (PLD) in preclinical species can lead to regulatory delays thereby creating incentives to screen for PLD during drug discovery. The objective of this work was to compare, optimize, and validate in vitro PLD assays in primary mouse macrophages and hepatocyte- (HepG2, HuH7) or macrophage-derived cells lines (I.13.35, RAW264.7) and to evaluate whether primary cells were better at predicting PLD. Assay precision, determined by a measure of signal to noise window (Z'), within assay variability, and day-to-day variability, using amiodarone, was generally acceptable for all cell types; however, precision limits for HepG2 and HuH7 were slightly below assay acceptance criteria. Up to 66 known PLD inducers and non-inducers were subsequently tested to validate the assays. The concordance for predicting PLD in primary macrophages, I-13.35, RAW264.7, HuH7, and HepG2 cells was 91%, 74%, 73%, 62%, and 62% respectively using a decision limit of EC50≤125 μM as a positive finding. Increasing the number of negative controls tested in RAW264.7 cells and changing the decision limit to ≥4-fold increase in PLD, improved the specificity and overall concordance to 88%. RAW264.7 cells were selected as the primary screen for predicting PLD, and together with the primary macrophages, were integrated into an overall testing paradigm proposed for use in PLD risk identification.
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Przybylak KR, Cronin MTD. In Silico Studies of the Relationship Between Chemical Structure and Drug Induced Phospholipidosis. Mol Inform 2011; 30:415-29. [DOI: 10.1002/minf.201000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Liang Q, Sheng Y, Ji L, Min Y, Xia Y, Wang Z. Acetaminophen-induced cytotoxicity on human normal liver L-02 cells and the protection of antioxidants. Toxicol Mech Methods 2010; 20:273-8. [PMID: 20465405 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2010.482963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In vitro cell models, which can partially mimic in vivo responses, offer potentially sensitive tools for toxicological assessment. The objective of this study was to explore the possible mechanisms of acetaminophen (AP)-induced toxicity in human normal liver L-02 cells. The expression of the CYP2E1 enzyme, which is reported to transform AP to its toxic metabolites, was higher in L-02 than in Hep3B cells. Further cell viability and reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion after AP treatment were examined. After exposure to AP for 24 h, cell viability decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Concentration-dependent GSH depletion was also observed after AP treatment for 48 h, indicating oxidative stress had occurred in L-02 cells. The effects of D, L-buthionine-(S, R)-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of GSH synthesis, on the cytotoxicity induced by AP were also investigated. BSO aggravated the cytotoxicity induced by AP while NAC ameliorated such cell death. Further results showed that 10 mM AP caused cell apoptosis after 48 h treatment based on the DNA fragmentation assay and western blot of caspase-3 activation, respectively. In addition, the protective effects of various well-known antioxidants against AP-induced hepatotoxicity were observed. Taken together, these results indicate that oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis are involved in AP-induced toxicity in human normal liver L-02 cells, and this cell line is a suitable in vitro cell model for AP hepatotoxicity study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingning Liang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
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