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Xia W, Kolli AR, Kuczaj AK, Szostak J, Lam S, Toh WW, Purwanti A, Tan WT, Ng R, Phillips B, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Aerosol delivery and spatiotemporal tissue distribution of hydroxychloroquine in rat lung. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 194:106693. [PMID: 38184016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Inhalation enables the delivery of drugs directly to the lung, increasing the retention for prolonged exposure and maximizing the therapeutic index. However, the differential regional lung exposure kinetics and systemic pharmacokinetics are not fully known, and their estimation is critical for pulmonary drug delivery. The study evaluates the pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine in different regions of the respiratory tract for multiple routes of administration. We also evaluated the influence of different inhaled formulations on systemic and lung pharmacokinetics by identifying suitable nebulizers followed by early characterization of emitted aerosol physicochemical properties. The salt- and freebase-based formulations required different nebulizers and generated aerosol with different physicochemical properties. An administration of hydroxychloroquine by different routes resulted in varied systemic and lung pharmacokinetics, with oral administration resulting in low tissue concentrations in all regions of the respiratory tract. A nose-only inhalation exposure resulted in higher and sustained lung concentrations of hydroxychloroquine with a lung parenchyma-to-blood ratio of 386 after 1440 min post-exposure. The concentrations of hydroxychloroquine in different regions of the respiratory tract (i.e., nasal epithelium, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lung parenchyma) varied over time, indicating different retention kinetics. The spatiotemporal distribution of hydroxychloroquine in the lung is different due to the heterogeneity of cell types, varying blood perfusion rate, clearance mechanisms, and deposition of inhaled aerosol along the respiratory tract. In addition to highlighting the varied lung physiology, these results demonstrate the ability of the lung to retain increased levels of inhaled lysosomotropic drugs. Such findings are critical for the development of future inhalation-based therapeutics, aiming to optimize target site exposure, enable precision medicine, and ultimately enhance clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Xia
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Aditya R Kolli
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, Neuchâtel CH-2000, Switzerland.
| | - Arkadiusz K Kuczaj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, Neuchâtel CH-2000, Switzerland
| | - Justyna Szostak
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, Neuchâtel CH-2000, Switzerland
| | - Sharon Lam
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Wei Wen Toh
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Asef Purwanti
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Wei Teck Tan
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Raymond Ng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Blaine Phillips
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, Neuchâtel CH-2000, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, Neuchâtel CH-2000, Switzerland
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Balkrishna A, Gohel V, Pathak N, Bhattacharya K, Dev R, Varshney A. Livogrit prevents Amiodarone-induced toxicity in experimental model of human liver (HepG2) cells and Caenorhabditis elegans by regulating redox homeostasis. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38425274 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2320189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Treatment with cationic amphiphilic drugs like Amiodarone leads to development of phospholipidosis, a type of lysosomal storage disorder characterized by excessive deposition of phospholipids. Such disorder in liver enhances accumulation of drugs and its metabolites, and dysregulates lipid profiles, which subsequently leads to hepatotoxicity. In the present study, we assessed pharmacological effects of herbal medicine, Livogrit, against hepatic phospholipidosis-induced toxicity. Human liver (HepG2) cells and in vivo model of Caenorhabditis elegans (N2 and CF1553 strains) were used to study effect of Livogrit on Amiodarone-induced phospholipidosis. In HepG2 cells, Livogrit treatment displayed enhanced uptake of acidic pH-based stains and reduced phospholipid accumulation, oxidative stress, AST, ALT, cholesterol levels, and gene expression of SCD-1 and LSS. Protein levels of LPLA2 were also normalized. Livogrit treatment restored Pgp functionality which led to decreased cellular accumulation of Amiodarone as observed by UHPLC analysis. In C. elegans, Livogrit prevented ROS generation, fat-6/7 gene overexpression, and lysosomal trapping of Amiodarone in N2 strain. SOD-3::GFP expression in CF1553 strain normalized by Livogrit treatment. Livogrit regulates phospholipidosis by regulation of redox homeostasis, phospholipid anabolism, and Pgp functionality hindered by lysosomal trapping of Amiodarone. Livogrit could be a potential therapeutic intervention for amelioration of drug-induced phospholipidosis and prevent hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Foundation, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
- Patanjali Yog Peeth (UK) Trust, Glasgow, UK
| | - Vivek Gohel
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Foundation, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nishit Pathak
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Foundation, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kunal Bhattacharya
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Foundation, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rishabh Dev
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Foundation, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Foundation, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
- Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Bik E, Orleanska J, Mateuszuk L, Baranska M, Majzner K, Chlopicki S. Raman and fluorescence imaging of phospholipidosis induced by cationic amphiphilic drugs in endothelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2022; 1869:119186. [PMID: 34902479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) are known from lysosomotropism, drug-induced phospholipidosis (DIPL), activation of autophagy, and decreased cell viability, but the relationship between these events is not clear and little is known about DIPL in the endothelium. In this work, the effects of fluoxetine, amiodarone, clozapine, and risperidone on human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) were studied using a combined methodology of label-free Raman imaging and fluorescence staining. Raman spectroscopy was applied to characterize biochemical changes in lipid profile and their distribution in the cellular compartments, while fluorescence staining (LysoTracker, LipidTOX, LC3B, and JC-1) was used to analyze lysosome volume expansion, activation of autophagy, lipid accumulation, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. We demonstrated that fluoxetine, amiodarone, and clozapine, but not risperidone, at non-toxic concentrations induced lipid accumulations in the perinuclear and cytoplasmic regions of endothelial cells. Spectroscopic markers of DIPL included a robust increase in the ratio (lipid/(protein + lipid)), an increase in choline-containing lipid, fatty acids, and the presence of cholesterol esters, while starvation-induced activated autophagy revealed a spectroscopic signature associated with subtle changes in the lipid profile only. Interestingly, lysosomal volume expansion, occurrence of DIPL, and activation of autophagy induced by selected CADs all depended on drug-accumulation in acidic pH of lysosome cellular compartments whereas reduced endothelial viability did not, and was attributed to mitochondrial mechanisms as evidenced by a decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential. In conclusion, drug-induced phospholipidosis in the endothelium did not reduce endothelial viability per se and can be efficiently assayed by Raman imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Bik
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jagoda Orleanska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Mateuszuk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Majzner
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Chair of Pharmacology, 16 Grzegorzecka Str., 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
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Blaess M, Kaiser L, Sommerfeld O, Csuk R, Deigner HP. Drug triggered pruritus, rash, papules, and blisters - is AGEP a clash of an altered sphingolipid-metabolism and lysosomotropism of drugs accumulating in the skin? Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:156. [PMID: 34743684 PMCID: PMC8573906 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01552-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rash, photosensitivity, erythema multiforme, and the acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) are relatively uncommon adverse reactions of drugs. To date, the etiology is not well understood and individual susceptibility still remains unknown. Amiodarone, chlorpromazine, amitriptyline, and trimipramine are classified lysosomotropic as well as photosensitizing, however, they fail to trigger rash and pruritic papules in all individuals. Lysosomotropism is a common charcteristic of various drugs, but independent of individuals. There is evidence that the individual ability to respond to external oxidative stress is crosslinked with the elongation of long-chain fatty acids to very long-chain fatty acids by ELOVLs. ELOVL6 and ELOVL7 are sensitive to ROS induced depletion of cellular NADPH and insufficient regeneration via the pentose phosphate pathway and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Deficiency of NADPH in presence of lysosomotropic drugs promotes the synthesis of C16-ceramide in lysosomes and may contribute to emerging pruritic papules of AGEP. However, independently from a lysosomomotropic drug, severe depletion of ATP and NAD(P)H, e.g., by UV radiation or a potent photosensitizer can trigger likewise the collapse of the lysosomal transmembrane proton gradient resulting in lysosomal C16-ceramide synthesis and pruritic papules. This kind of papules are equally present in polymorphous light eruption (PMLE/PLE) and acne aestivalis (Mallorca acne). The suggested model of a compartmentalized ceramide metabolism provides a more sophisticated explanation of cutaneous drug adverse effects and the individual sensitivity to UV radiation. Parameters such as pKa and ClogP of the triggering drug, cutaneous fatty acid profile, and ceramide profile enables new concepts in risk assessment and scoring of AGEP as well as prophylaxis outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Blaess
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, D-78054, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Lars Kaiser
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, D-78054, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Sommerfeld
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747, Jena, Germany
| | - René Csuk
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, D-78054, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany.
- EXIM Department, Fraunhofer Institute IZI, Schillingallee 68, D-18057, Leipzig, Rostock, Germany.
- Faculty of Science, Associated member of Tuebingen University, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D- 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Norinder U, Tuck A, Norgren K, Munic Kos V. Existing highly accumulating lysosomotropic drugs with potential for repurposing to target COVID-19. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110582. [PMID: 32763818 PMCID: PMC7392152 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomotropic drugs show moderate antiviral effects even on coronaviruses. The antiviral activity is likely due to interference with endosomal pathway. 530 existing drugs were analysed for lysosomotropism, pharmacokinetics and toxicity. 36 drugs were identified that may possibly be suitable for repurposing for COVID-19. Further research is needed to confirm their antiviral effects and safety limits.
Given the speed of viral infection spread, repurposing of existing drugs has been given the highest priority in combating the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Only drugs that are already registered or close to registration, and therefore have passed lengthy safety assessments, have a chance to be tested in clinical trials and reach patients quickly enough to help in the current disease outbreak. Here, we have reviewed available evidence and possible ways forward to identify already existing pharmaceuticals displaying modest broad-spectrum antiviral activity which is likely linked to their high accumulation in cells. Several well studied examples indicate that these drugs accumulate in lysosomes, endosomes and biological membranes in general, and thereby interfere with endosomal pathway and intracellular membrane trafficking crucial for viral infection. With the aim to identify other lysosomotropic drugs with possible inherent antiviral activity, we have applied a set of clear physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and molecular criteria on 530 existing drugs. In addition to publicly available data, we have also used our in silico model for the prediction of accumulation in lysosomes and endosomes. By this approach we have identified 36 compounds with possible antiviral effects, also against coronaviruses. For 14 of them evidence of broad-spectrum antiviral activity has already been reported, adding support to the value of this approach. Presented pros and cons, knowledge gaps and methods to identify lysosomotropic antivirals, can help in the evaluation of many drugs currently in clinical trials considered for repurposing to target COVID-19, as well as open doors to finding more potent and safer alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Norinder
- Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University, Box 7003, SE-164 07 Kista, Sweden; MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Astrud Tuck
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kalle Norgren
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vesna Munic Kos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Cudazzo G, Smart DJ, McHugh D, Vanscheeuwijck P. Lysosomotropic-related limitations of the BALB/c 3T3 cell-based neutral red uptake assay and an alternative testing approach for assessing e-liquid cytotoxicity. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104647. [PMID: 31518669 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxicity assays are used to quantify the cytotoxic potential of chemicals. The neutral red uptake (NRU) assay is one of these assays and is routinely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and tobacco industries. In the context of e-cigarette development, an NRU assay-based screen was implemented to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of e-liquids. E-liquids induced a biphasic response in the BALB/c 3T3-based assay. The NRU initially increased in a concentration-dependent manner before decreasing following treatment with higher concentrations until NRU was abolished. Experiments were performed to characterize the mechanism underlying this biphasic signal. Nicotine alone was found to induce the same biphasic effects, while inducing concentration-dependent decreases in relative cell counts (RCC). Imaging and flow cytometry data revealed that the increases in NRU likely resulted from nicotine-induced vacuolization via a lysosomotropic mechanism. In support of this, two lysosomotropic agents, chloroquine and lapatinib, induced similar profiles. Nicotine's effects were also translatable, as brain-, lung-, bone marrow-, and smooth muscle-derived mammalian cells responded with the biphasic NRU signal. However, like RCC, three other cytotoxicity endpoints, resazurin, adenosine triphosphate, and water soluble tetrazolium salt (WST)-8, were not subject to these effects. The WST-8 assay is proposed as an alternative to screen the cytotoxic potential of e-liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Cudazzo
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel J Smart
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Damian McHugh
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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Pisonero-Vaquero S, Medina DL. Lysosomotropic Drugs: Pharmacological Tools to Study Lysosomal Function. Curr Drug Metab 2018; 18:1147-1158. [PMID: 28952432 DOI: 10.2174/1389200218666170925125940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysosomotropic molecules are taken up into lysosomes in vitro and in vivo. Many drugs approved for clinical medicine are lysosomotropic agents, characterized by promoting particular effects including cytoplasmic vacuolization, increase in number and size of lysosomes, inhibition of their enzymes and accumulation of undegraded material, leading mainly to phospholipidosis. Despite lysosomotropism has been extensively described and studied, the pathophysiological significance of this process is still not well understood. Objetive: In this review, we focus on what is known about the effects of lysosomotropic drugs on specific lysosomal functions and their similarities with the phenotypic features of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). CONCLUSION Some effects of lysosomotropic drugs are very similar to pathologic features of human genetic diseases affecting lysosomal function, and therefore these drugs can be used as tools to understand the mechanisms underlying such patho-pathways as well as to create pharmacologically-induced models of LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pisonero-Vaquero
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Diego Luis Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
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Minguez L, Farcy E, Ballandonne C, Lepailleur A, Serpentini A, Lebel JM, Bureau R, Halm-Lemeille MP. Acute toxicity of 8 antidepressants: what are their modes of action? Chemosphere 2014; 108:314-319. [PMID: 24534154 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the hazard posed by pharmaceutical residues is a major concern of ecotoxicology. Most of the antidepressants belong to a family named the Cationic Amphipathic Drugs known to have specific interactions with cell membranes. The present study assessed the impact of eight antidepressants belonging to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors by the combination of multi-approaches (in vivo, in vitro, in silico) and gives some insights on the mode of action for these molecules. Antidepressants were from the most to the least toxic compound for Daphnia magna: Sertraline (EC50=1.15 mg L(-1))>Clomipramine (2.74 mg L(-1))>Amitriptyline (4.82 mg L(-1))>Fluoxetine (5.91 mg L(-1))>Paroxetine (6.24 mg L(-1))>Mianserine (7.81 mg L(-1))>Citalopram (30.14 mg L(-1)) and Venlafaxine (141.28 mg L(-1)). These acute toxicities were found correlated to Log Kow coefficients (R=0.93, p<0.001) and to cytotoxicity assessed on abalone hemocytes through the neutral red uptake assay (R=0.96, p<0.001). If narcosis as mode of action is typically expected during acute ecotoxicity bioassays, we showed by molecular modeling that particular interactions can exist between antidepressants and phosphatidylcholine, a major component of cell membranes, leading to a more specific mode of action corresponding to a potential acidic hydrolysis of ester functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Minguez
- UMR BOREA (Biologie des ORganismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques), CNRS-7208/MNHN/UPMC/IRD-207/UCBN, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France; CERMN, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, UPRES EA4258 - FR CNRS INC3M - SF 4206 ICORE, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Bd Becquerel, 14032 Caen Cedex, France.
| | - Emilie Farcy
- UMR BOREA (Biologie des ORganismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques), CNRS-7208/MNHN/UPMC/IRD-207/UCBN, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France; CERMN, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, UPRES EA4258 - FR CNRS INC3M - SF 4206 ICORE, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Bd Becquerel, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Céline Ballandonne
- CERMN, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, UPRES EA4258 - FR CNRS INC3M - SF 4206 ICORE, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Bd Becquerel, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Alban Lepailleur
- CERMN, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, UPRES EA4258 - FR CNRS INC3M - SF 4206 ICORE, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Bd Becquerel, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Antoine Serpentini
- UMR BOREA (Biologie des ORganismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques), CNRS-7208/MNHN/UPMC/IRD-207/UCBN, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lebel
- UMR BOREA (Biologie des ORganismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques), CNRS-7208/MNHN/UPMC/IRD-207/UCBN, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Ronan Bureau
- CERMN, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, UPRES EA4258 - FR CNRS INC3M - SF 4206 ICORE, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Bd Becquerel, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Halm-Lemeille
- CERMN, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, UPRES EA4258 - FR CNRS INC3M - SF 4206 ICORE, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Bd Becquerel, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
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