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Shi H, Chen L, Wang T, Zhang W, Liu J, Huang Y, Li J, Qi H, Wu Z, Wang Y, Chen H, Zhu Y, Li Q. Nur77-IRF1 axis inhibits esophageal squamous cell carcinoma growth and improves anti-PD-1 treatment efficacy. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:254. [PMID: 38789431 PMCID: PMC11126585 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor Nur77 plays paradoxical roles in numerous cancers. However, whether Nur77 inhibits esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) growth and affects immunological responses against ESCC has not been determined. The functional role of Nur77 in ESCC was investigated in this study using human ESCC cell lines, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cell proliferation and colony formation assays, flow cytometry analysis, western blotting and animal models. The target gene controlled by Nur77 was verified using dual-luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis and functional rescue experiments. To examine the clinical importance of Nur77, 72 human primary ESCC tissues were subjected to immunohistochemistry. Taken together, these findings showed that, both in vitro and in vivo, Nur77 dramatically reduced ESCC cell growth and triggered apoptosis. Nur77 directly interacts with the interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) promoter to inhibit its activity in ESCC. Pharmacological induction of Nur77 using cytosporone B (CsnB) inhibited ESCC cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, CsnB increased CD8+ T-cell infiltration and cytotoxicity to inhibit the formation of ESCC tumors in an immunocompetent mouse model. In ESCC tissues, Nur77 expression was downregulated, and IRF1 expression was increased; moreover, their expression levels were negatively related. IRF1 and Nur77 were strongly correlated with overall survival. These findings suggested that Nur77 targets and regulates the IRF1/PD-L1 axis to serve as a tumor suppressor in ESCC. Graphical abstract of the regulatory mechanism of Nur77 overexpression downregulates IRF1 in the inhibition of ESCC progression and enhance anti-PD-1 therapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanying Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jiafeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yuxin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jiyifan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Huijie Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zimei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Haifei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Yongjun Zhu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Qunyi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Perevalova AM, Gulyaeva LF, Pustylnyak VO. Roles of Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 in Tumor Progression and Regression: Two Sides of a Coin. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2153. [PMID: 38396830 PMCID: PMC10889282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
IRF1 is a transcription factor well known for its role in IFN signaling. Although IRF1 was initially identified for its involvement in inflammatory processes, there is now evidence that it provides a function in carcinogenesis as well. IRF1 has been shown to affect several important antitumor mechanisms, such as induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, remodeling of tumor immune microenvironment, suppression of telomerase activity, suppression of angiogenesis and others. Nevertheless, the opposite effects of IRF1 on tumor growth have also been demonstrated. In particular, the "immune checkpoint" molecule PD-L1, which is responsible for tumor immune evasion, has IRF1 as a major transcriptional regulator. These and several other properties of IRF1, including its proposed association with response and resistance to immunotherapy and several chemotherapeutic drugs, make it a promising object for further research. Numerous mechanisms of IRF1 regulation in cancer have been identified, including genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational mechanisms, although their significance for tumor progression remains to be explored. This review will focus on the established tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting functions of IRF1, as well as the molecular mechanisms of IRF1 regulation identified in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina M. Perevalova
- Zelman Institute for the Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street, 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.M.P.)
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Timakova Street, 2/12, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Lyudmila F. Gulyaeva
- Zelman Institute for the Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street, 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.M.P.)
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Timakova Street, 2/12, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Vladimir O. Pustylnyak
- Zelman Institute for the Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street, 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.M.P.)
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Timakova Street, 2/12, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
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Li K, Xia Y, He J, Wang J, Li J, Ye M, Jin X. The SUMOylation and ubiquitination crosstalk in cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:16123-16146. [PMID: 37640846 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05310-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cancer occurrence and progression are largely affected by the post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins. Currently, it has been shown that the relationship between ubiquitination and SUMOylation is highly complex and interactive. SUMOylation affects the process of ubiquitination and degradation of substrates. Contrarily, SUMOylation-related proteins are also regulated by the ubiquitination process thus altering their protein levels or activity. Emerging evidence suggests that the abnormal regulation between this crosstalk may lead to tumorigenesis. PURPOSE In this review, we have discussed the study of the relationship between ubiquitination and SUMOylation, as well as the possibility of a corresponding application in tumor therapy. METHODS The relevant literatures from PubMed have been reviewed for this article. CONCLUSION The interaction between ubiquitination and SUMOylation is crucial for the occurrence and development of cancer. A greater understanding of the crosstalk of SUMOylation and ubiquitination may be more conducive to the development of more selective and effective SUMOylation inhibitors, as well as a promotion of synergy with other tumor treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailang Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yongming Xia
- Department of Oncology, Yuyao People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Yuyao, 315400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jingyun Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Chen Y, Lin B, Yang S, Huang J. IRF1 suppresses colon cancer proliferation by reducing SPI1-mediated transcriptional activation of GPX4 and promoting ferroptosis. Exp Cell Res 2023; 431:113733. [PMID: 37517591 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
IRF1 is a tumor suppressor gene in colon cancer. This study aimed to explore the potential regulation of IRF1 on the ferroptosis of colon cancer and the mechanisms underlying its regulation of GPX4 transcription. IRF1 interacting transcription factors regulating GPX4 transcription were predicted and validated. The role of the IRF1/SPI1-GPX4 axis on the ferroptosis of colon cancer cells was explored. Results showed that IRF1 overexpression reduced GPX4 transcription, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid ROS accumulation, and enhanced erastin-induced colon cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. SPI1 could directly bind to the GPX4 promoter (-414 to -409) and activate its transcription. IRF1 could bind to SPI1 and suppress its transcriptional activating effects on GPX4 expression. SPI1 overexpression reduced ROS and lipid ROS accumulation and increased colon cancer cell viability and colony formation upon erastin induction. These trends were reversed by IRF1 overexpression. In conclusion, this study revealed a novel oncogenic mechanism of SPI1 by reducing erastin-induced ferroptosis in colon cancer. IRF1 interacts with SPI1 and suppresses its transcriptional activating effect on GPX4 expression. Through this mechanism, IRF1 can enhance erastin-induced ferroptosis of colon cancer. The IRF1/SPI1-GPX4 axis might play a crucial role in modulating ferroptosis in colon cancer and might serve as a potential therapeutic target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Beian Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Shiyu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Jingshan Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China.
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Deng Y, Li Z, Pan M, Wu H, Ni B, Han X. Implications of inflammatory cell death-related IFNG and co-expressed RNAs (AC006369.1 and CCR7) in breast carcinoma prognosis, and anti-tumor immunity. Front Genet 2023; 14:1112251. [PMID: 37408777 PMCID: PMC10318797 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1112251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) encoded by IFNG gene is a pleiotropic molecule linked with inflammatory cell death mechanisms. This work aimed to determine and characterize IFNG and co-expressed genes, and to define their implications in breast carcinoma (BRCA). Methods: Transcriptome profiles of BRCA were retrospectively acquired from public datasets. Combination of differential expression analysis with WGCNA was conducted for selecting IFNG-co-expressed genes. A prognostic signature was generated through Cox regression approaches. The tumor microenvironment populations were inferred utilizing CIBERSORT. Epigenetic and epitranscriptomic mechanisms were also probed. Results: IFNG was overexpressed in BRCA, and connected with prolonged overall survival and recurrence-free survival. Two IFNG-co-expressed RNAs (AC006369.1, and CCR7) constituted a prognostic model that acted as an independent risk factor. The nomogram composed of the model, TNM, stage, and new event owned the satisfying efficacy in BRCA prognostication. IFNG, AC006369.1, and CCR7 were closely linked with the tumor microenvironment components (e.g., macrophages, CD4/CD8 T cells, NK cells), and immune checkpoints (notably PD1/PD-L1). Somatic mutation frequencies were 6%, and 3% for CCR7, and IFNG, and high amplification potentially resulted in their overexpression in BRCA. Hypomethylated cg05224770 and cg07388018 were connected with IFNG and CCR7 upregulation, respectively. Additionally, transcription factors, RNA-binding proteins, and non-coding RNAs possibly regulated IFNG and co-expressed genes at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Conclusion: Collectively, our work identifies IFNG and co-expressed genes as prognostic markers for BRCA, and as possible therapeutic targets for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Nasimi Shad A, Fanoodi A, Maharati A, Akhlaghipour I, Moghbeli M. Molecular mechanisms of microRNA-301a during tumor progression and metastasis. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 247:154538. [PMID: 37209575 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is known as one of the leading causes of human deaths globally. Late diagnosis is considered as one of the main reasons for the high mortality rate among cancer patients. Therefore, the introduction of early diagnostic tumor markers can improve the efficiency of therapeutic modalities. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a key role in regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. MiRNAs deregulation has been frequently reported during tumor progressions. Since, miRNAs have a high stability in body fluids; they can be used as the reliable non-invasive tumor markers. Here, we discussed the role of miR-301a during tumor progressions. MiR-301a mainly functions as an oncogene via the modulation of transcription factors, autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and signaling pathways. This review paves the way to suggest miR-301a as a non-invasive marker for the early tumor diagnosis. MiR-301a can also be suggested as an effective target in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Nasimi Shad
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Fanoodi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Maharati
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Akhlaghipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Pavitra E, Kancharla J, Gupta VK, Prasad K, Sung JY, Kim J, Tej MB, Choi R, Lee JH, Han YK, Raju GSR, Bhaskar L, Huh YS. The role of NF-κB in breast cancer initiation, growth, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114822. [PMID: 37146418 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most fatal disease and is the prime cause of cancer allied female deaths. BC is caused by aberrant tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes regulated by transcription factors (TFs) like NF-κB. NF-κB is a pro-inflammatory TF that crucially alters the expressions of various genes associated with inflammation, cell progression, metastasis, and apoptosis and modulates a network of genes that underlie tumorigenesis. Herein, we focus on NF-κB signaling pathways, its regulators, and the rationale for targeting NF-κB. This review also includes TFs that maintain NF-κB crosstalk and their roles in promoting angiogenesis and metastasis. In addition, we discuss the importance of combination therapies, resistance to treatment, and potential novel therapeutic strategies including nanomedicine that targets NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eluri Pavitra
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; 3D Convergence Center, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jyothsna Kancharla
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Vanasthali, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiran Prasad
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur- 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ju Yong Sung
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jigyeong Kim
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Mandava Bhuvan Tej
- Department of Health care informatics, Sacred Heart University, 5151Park Avenue, Fair fields, CT06825, USA
| | - Rino Choi
- 3D Convergence Center, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Lee
- 3D Convergence Center, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganji Seeta Rama Raju
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Lvks Bhaskar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur- 495009, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Zhao Y, Wang X, Nie K. IRF1 promotes the chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells through regulating HILPDA. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102046. [PMID: 36933274 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis is a main cause of deformity in aging people. The chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) has a positive effect on the cure of osteoarthritis. However, the regulatory mechanism of hADSC chondrogenesis still needs further exploration. This research investigates the role of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) in the chondrogenesis of hADSCs. METHODS hADSCs were purchased and cultured. The interaction between IRF1 and hypoxia inducible lipid droplet associated (HILPDA) was predicted by bioinformatics analysis, and verified through dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. The expressions of IRF1 and HILPDA in osteoarthritis cartilage samples were measured through qRT-PCR. After hADSCs were transfected or further induced for chondrogenesis, the chondrogenesis was visualized by Alcian blue staining, and the expressions of IRF1, HILPDA and chondrogenesis-related factors (SOX9, Aggrecan, COL2A1, MMP13, MMP3) were determined through qRT-PCR or Western blot. RESULTS HILPDA bound to IRF1 in hADSCs. IRF1 and HILPDA levels were up-regulated during the chondrogenesis of hADSCs. Overexpressions of IRF1 and HILPDA promoted the chondrogenesis of hADSCs with the up-regulation of SOX9, Aggrecan and COL2A1 and the down-regulation of MMP13 and MMP3; however, IRF1 silencing generated the opposite effects. Besides, HILPDA overexpression reversed the effects of IRF1 silencing on inhibiting chondrogenesis of hADSCs and regulating the expressions of chondrogenesis-related factors. CONCLUSION IRF1 promotes the chondrogenesis of hADSCs through up-regulating HILPDA level, providing novel biomarkers for treating osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Zhao
- Department of orthopedics, Jincheng People's Hospital, China.
| | - Xiaotie Wang
- Department of orthopedics, Jincheng People's Hospital, China
| | - Keke Nie
- Department of orthopedics, Jincheng People's Hospital, China
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Li RQ, Wang W, Yan L, Song LY, Guan X, Zhang W, Lian J. Identification of tumor antigens and immune subtypes in breast cancer for mRNA vaccine development. Front Oncol 2022; 12:973712. [PMID: 36226063 PMCID: PMC9548593 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.973712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Poor prognosis, resistance to chemotherapy, insensitivity to radiotherapy, and a high prevalence of adverse drug reactions remain urgent issues for breast cancer (BC) patients. Increased knowledge of tumor immunobiology and vaccine development suggests the possibility of cancer vaccination. Here, we investigated potential BC-associated antigens for the development of an anti-BC mRNA vaccine and populations suitable for mRNA vaccination. Methods Gene expression and clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC). The single-cell sequencing data were obtained from the Single Cell Portal platform. cBioPortal was used to visualize and compare genetic alterations. Correlations between immune cell infiltration and antigen expression were visualized with the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). Immune subtypes were identified by consensus clustering and analysis of immune infiltration. Biomarkers for the assessment of mRNA vaccination suitability were investigated. Results Three tumor-associated antigens, CD74, IRF1, and PSME2, that showed overexpression, amplification, and mutation and were linked with prognosis and immune cell infiltration, were identified. Single-cell sequencing analysis showed the expression of the three tumor-associated antigens in different cells of BC. Three immune subtypes were identified among BC patients, with Cluster B patients having a tumor microenvironment conducive to immunotherapy. These subtypes also showed different expression patterns of immune checkpoints, immune cell death-promoting genes, and response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Thus, we identified five biomarkers that could be applied for assessing vaccination suitability and predicted drugs that would be appropriate for patients unsuited for vaccination. Conclusions Our findings suggest new directions for the development of mRNA vaccines against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Qi Li
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- General Surgery Department, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Ying Song
- Thyroid Surgery Department, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Cardiovascular Department, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Lian
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Lian,
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10
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Kusiak A, Brady G. Bifurcation of signalling in human innate immune pathways to NF-kB and IRF family activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115246. [PMID: 36088989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The human innate immune response can be activated through a wide range of stimuli. This multi-faceted system can be triggered by a range of immunostimulants including pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These stimuli drive intracellular signalling pathways that branch off downstream to activate several distinct transcription factors. The two most impactful of which in innate immune outcomes are the NF-κB and the IRF family members. Both transcription factor families play defining roles in driving inflammation as well as the antiviral response. Pathways leading to their simultaneous activation share common upstream components but eventually distinct regulators which directly facilitate their activation. This review will discuss the current state of knowledge about what is known about how these pathways bifurcate to activate NF-κB and IRF family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kusiak
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James' Campus, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Gareth Brady
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James' Campus, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland.
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11
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Interferon regulatory factor-1 regulates cisplatin-induced apoptosis and autophagy in A549 lung cancer cells. Med Oncol 2022; 39:38. [PMID: 35092496 PMCID: PMC8800914 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the expression and function of interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). IRF-1 expression and its prognostic value were investigated through bioinformatic analysis. The protein expression levels of IRF-1, cleaved caspase 3, and LC3-I/II were analyzed by western blotting. A lentiviral vector was used to overexpress or knockdown IRF-1 in vitro. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed by JC-1 and DCFH-DA staining, respectively. ATP, SOD, MDA, cell viability, LDH release, and caspase 3 activity were evaluated using commercial kits. Compared to the levels in normal tissues, IRF-1 expression was significantly lower in lung cancer tissues and was a prognostic factor for NSCLC. Cisplatin treatment-induced IRF-1 activation, ROS production, ATP depletion, SOD consumption, and MDA accumulation in A549 lung cancer cells. IRF-1 overexpression promoted mitochondrial depolarization, oxidative stress, and apoptotic cell death and inhibited autophagy in A549 cells, and these effects could be reversed by IRF-1 knockdown. These data suggest that IRF-1 regulates apoptosis, autophagy and oxidative stress, which might be served as a potential target for increasing chemotherapy sensitivity of lung cancer.
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Zhang K, Xu PL, Li YJ, Dong S, Gao HF, Chen LY, Chen H, Chen Z. Comprehensive analysis of expression profile and prognostic significance of interferon regulatory factors in pancreatic cancer. BMC Genom Data 2022; 23:5. [PMID: 35012444 PMCID: PMC8751298 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-021-01019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly lethal disease and an increasing cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) play vital roles in immune response and tumor cellular biological processes. However, the specific functions of IRFs in PC and tumor immune response are far from systematically clarified. This study aimed to explorer the expression profile, prognostic significance, and biological function of IRFs in PC. RESULTS We observed that the levels of IRF2, 6, 7, 8, and 9 were elevated in tumor compared to normal tissues in PC. IRF7 expression was significantly associated with patients' pathology stage in PC. PC patients with high IRF2, low IRF3, and high IRF6 levels had significantly poorer overall survival. High mRNA expression, amplification and, deep deletion were the three most common types of genetic alterations of IRFs in PC. Low expression of IRF2, 4, 5, and 8 was resistant to most of the drugs or small molecules from Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer. Moreover, IRFs were positively correlated with the abundance of tumor infiltrating immune cells in PC, including B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, Neutrophil, and Dendritic cells. Functional analysis indicated that IRFs were involved in T cell receptor signaling pathway, immune response, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that certain IRFs could serve as potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for PC patients. Further basic and clinical studies are needed to validate our findings and generalize the clinical application of IRFs in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Pan-Ling Xu
- Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000 Anhui China
| | - Yu-Jie Li
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Shu Dong
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Hui-Feng Gao
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Lian-Yu Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
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13
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Guo L, Fang T, Jiang Y, Liu D. IRF7 is a Prognostic Biomarker and Associated with Immune Infiltration in Stomach Adenocarcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:9887-9902. [PMID: 34938108 PMCID: PMC8687632 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s342607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is one of the most prevalent malignances, ranking fifth in incidence and third in mortality among all malignances. Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) play a vital role in immune response and tumor cellular biological process. The roles of IRFs in STAD are far from being systematically clarified. Methods A series of bioinformatics tools, including GEPIA, UALCAN, TIMER, Kaplan–Meier plotter and LinkedOmics, were applied to explore the expression and clinical significance of IRFs in STAD. Results IRF3/7 expression were upregulated in STAD in sub-group analyses based on race, gender, age, H. Pylori infection status, histological subtypes, tumor grade, individual cancer stages, and nodal metastasis status. High IRF3/7 expression were associated with poor overall survival (OS), post-progression survival (PFPS) and first progression (FP) in STAD. IRF3 and IRF7 were altered in 5% and 6% of all TCGA STAD patients. Further analysis revealed that IRF7 was significantly associated with the abundance of immune cells (B cells, Neutrophils and Dendritic cells) and the expression of most immune biomarkers. Enrichment analysis indicated that IRF7 was mainly involved in adaptive immune response, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, Necroptosis, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. We also identified several IRF7-associated kinase and miRNA targets in STAD. The result of verified experiment revealed that ITF7 expression was increased in STAD tissues compared with normal tissues and prognosis analysis revealed that STAD patients with high IRF7 expression had a poor overall survival. Conclusion IRF7 is upregulated in STAD and associated with poor OS, PPS and FP. Moreover, IRF7 is significantly associated with the abundance of immune cells and the expression of most immune biomarkers, suggesting that IRF7 is as a prognostic biomarker and associated with immune infiltration in STAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Te Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingsheng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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14
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TF-RBP-AS Triplet Analysis Reveals the Mechanisms of Aberrant Alternative Splicing Events in Kidney Cancer: Implications for Their Possible Clinical Use as Prognostic and Therapeutic Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168789. [PMID: 34445498 PMCID: PMC8395830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant alternative splicing (AS) is increasingly linked to cancer; however, how AS contributes to cancer development still remains largely unknown. AS events (ASEs) are largely regulated by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) whose ability can be modulated by a variety of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. In this study, we used a computational framework to investigate the roles of transcription factors (TFs) on regulating RBP-AS interactions. A total of 6519 TF–RBP–AS triplets were identified, including 290 TFs, 175 RBPs, and 16 ASEs from TCGA–KIRC RNA sequencing data. TF function categories were defined according to correlation changes between RBP expression and their targeted ASEs. The results suggested that most TFs affected multiple targets, and six different classes of TF-mediated transcriptional dysregulations were identified. Then, regulatory networks were constructed for TF–RBP–AS triplets. Further pathway-enrichment analysis showed that these TFs and RBPs involved in triplets were enriched in a variety of pathways that were associated with cancer development and progression. Survival analysis showed that some triplets were highly associated with survival rates. These findings demonstrated that the integration of TFs into alternative splicing regulatory networks can help us in understanding the roles of alternative splicing in cancer.
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15
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Adedokun B, Du Z, Gao G, Ahearn TU, Lunetta KL, Zirpoli G, Figueroa J, John EM, Bernstein L, Zheng W, Hu JJ, Ziegler RG, Nyante S, Bandera EV, Ingles SA, Press MF, Deming-Halverson SL, Rodriguez-Gil JL, Yao S, Ogundiran TO, Ojengbede O, Blot W, Troester MA, Nathanson KL, Hennis A, Nemesure B, Ambs S, Fiorica PN, Sucheston-Campbell LE, Bensen JT, Kushi LH, Torres-Mejia G, Hu D, Fejerman L, Bolla MK, Dennis J, Dunning AM, Easton DF, Michailidou K, Pharoah PDP, Wang Q, Sandler DP, Taylor JA, O'Brien KM, Kitahara CM, Falusi AG, Babalola C, Yarney J, Awuah B, Addai-Wiafe B, Chanock SJ, Olshan AF, Ambrosone CB, Conti DV, Ziv E, Olopade OI, Garcia-Closas M, Palmer JR, Haiman CA, Huo D. Cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis identifies six breast cancer loci in African and European ancestry women. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4198. [PMID: 34234117 PMCID: PMC8263739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study describes breast cancer risk loci using a cross-ancestry GWAS approach. We first identify variants that are associated with breast cancer at P < 0.05 from African ancestry GWAS meta-analysis (9241 cases and 10193 controls), then meta-analyze with European ancestry GWAS data (122977 cases and 105974 controls) from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. The approach identifies four loci for overall breast cancer risk [1p13.3, 5q31.1, 15q24 (two independent signals), and 15q26.3] and two loci for estrogen receptor-negative disease (1q41 and 7q11.23) at genome-wide significance. Four of the index single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) lie within introns of genes (KCNK2, C5orf56, SCAMP2, and SIN3A) and the other index SNPs are located close to GSTM4, AMPD2, CASTOR2, and RP11-168G16.2. Here we present risk loci with consistent direction of associations in African and European descendants. The study suggests that replication across multiple ancestry populations can help improve the understanding of breast cancer genetics and identify causal variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatunde Adedokun
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhaohui Du
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Guimin Gao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas U Ahearn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary Zirpoli
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Usher Institute and CRUK Edinburgh Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Esther M John
- Departments of Epidemiology & Population Health and of Medicine (Oncology) and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Biomarkers of Early Detection and Prevention, Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer J Hu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Regina G Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Nyante
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael F Press
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandra L Deming-Halverson
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jorge L Rodriguez-Gil
- Genomics, Development and Disease Section, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Song Yao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Temidayo O Ogundiran
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oladosu Ojengbede
- Center for Population and Reproductive Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - William Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anselm Hennis
- University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter N Fiorica
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lara E Sucheston-Campbell
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jeannette T Bensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lawrence H Kushi
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Gabriela Torres-Mejia
- Center for Population Health Research, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Donglei Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura Fejerman
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jack A Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Katie M O'Brien
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Cari M Kitahara
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adeyinka G Falusi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Chinedum Babalola
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elad Ziv
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Olufunmilayo I Olopade
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Dezheng Huo
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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16
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Li JY, Xiao J, Gao M, Zhou HF, Fan H, Sun F, Cui DD. IRF/Type I IFN signaling serves as a valuable therapeutic target in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 92:107350. [PMID: 33444921 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by unresolved colitis and epithelial injury. Intestinal microbiota and its interaction with immune system are critical etiologic factors. In response to gut virome and bacteria derived nucleic acid, interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are activated to promote the production of cytokines, including type I interferons (IFN-Is), to help maintain intestinal homeostasis under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. However, derailed IRF/IFN-I pathway other-wisely contributes to the progression of IBD with distinct IRF member exerting differential regulatory effect. Here, we summarize the recent advances regarding the role of IRF/IFN-I pathway in the development of IBD. We emphasize that IFN-I is a double-edged sword in IBD pathogenesis, as IFN-Is are protective in acute colitis while becoming pro-inflammatory during the chronic recovery phase. Besides, the functional outcome of IRFs is diverse and complex, which hinges on the cell types affected and the presence of other immune mediators. All in all, IRF/IFN-I pathway serves as a versatile regulator in IBD pathogenesis and holds the potential for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yi Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Feng Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Sun
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Dan-Dan Cui
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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17
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Grandvallet C, Feugeas JP, Monnien F, Despouy G, Valérie P, Michaël G, Hervouet E, Peixoto P. Autophagy is associated with a robust specific transcriptional signature in breast cancer subtypes. Genes Cancer 2020; 11:154-168. [PMID: 33488952 PMCID: PMC7805539 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous works have described that autophagy could be associated to both pro- and anti-cancer properties according to numerous factors, such as the gene considered, the step of autophagy involved or the cancer model used. These data might be explained by the fact that some autophagy-related genes may be involved in other cellular processes and therefore differently regulated according to the type or the grade of the tumor. Indeed, using different approaches of transcriptome analysis in breast cancers, and further confirmation using digital PCR, we identified a specific signature of autophagy gene expression associated to Luminal A or Triple Negative Breast Cancers (TNBC). Moreover, we confirmed that ATG5, an autophagy gene specifically expressed in TNBC, favored cell migration, whereas BECN1, an autophagy gene specifically associated with ER-positive breast cancers, induced opposite effects. We also showed that overall inhibition of autophagy promoted cell migration suggesting that the role of individual ATG genes in cancer phenotypes was not strictly dependent of their function during autophagy. Finally, our work led to the identification of TXNIP1 as a potential biomarker associated to autophagy induction in breast cancers. This gene could become an essential tool to quantify autophagy levels in fixed biopsies, sort tumors according to their autophagy levels and determine the best therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Grandvallet
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France.,CHRU de Besançon, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Jean Paul Feugeas
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Franck Monnien
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France.,Tumorothèque de Besançon, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Gilles Despouy
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Perez Valérie
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Guittaut Michaël
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France.,DImaCell Platform, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Eric Hervouet
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France.,DImaCell Platform, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.,EPIGENEXP Platform, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.,These authors have contributed equally to this work
| | - Paul Peixoto
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France.,EPIGENEXP Platform, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.,These authors have contributed equally to this work
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18
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Shi B, Gao D, Zhong L, Zhi M, Weng X, Xu J, Li J, Du X, Xin Y, Gao J, Zhu Q, Cao S, Liu Z, Han J. IRF-1 expressed in the inner cell mass of the porcine early blastocyst enhances the pluripotency of induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:505. [PMID: 33246502 PMCID: PMC7694439 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01983-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite years of research, porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) with germline chimeric capacity have not been established. Furthermore, the key transcription factors (TFs) defining the naïve state in piPSCs also remain elusive, even though TFs in the inner cell mass (ICM) are believed to be key molecular determinants of naïve pluripotency. In this study, interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) was screened to express higher in ICM than trophectoderm (TE). But the impact of IRF-1 on maintenance of pluripotency in piPSCs was not determined. METHODS Transcriptome profiles of the early ICM were analyzed to determine highly interconnected TFs. Cells carrying these TFs' reporter were used to as donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer to detect expression patterns in blastocysts. Next, IRF1-Flag was overexpressed in DOX-hLIF-2i piPSCs and AP staining, qRT-PCR, and RNA-seq were conducted to examine the effect of IRF-1 on pluripotency. Then, the expression of IRF-1 in DOX-hLIF-2i piPSCs was labeled by GFP and qRT-PCR was conducted to determine the difference between GFP-positive and GFP-negative cells. Next, ChIP-Seq was conducted to identify genes target by IRF-1. Treatment with IL7 in wild-type piPSCs and STAT3 phosphorylation inhibitor in IRF-1 overexpressing piPSCs was conducted to confirm the roles of JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway in IRF-1's regulation of pluripotency. Moreover, during reprogramming, IRF-1 was overexpressed and knocked down to determine the change of reprogramming efficiency. RESULTS IRF-1 was screened to be expressed higher in porcine ICM than TE of d6~7 SCNT blastocysts. First, overexpression of IRF-1 in the piPSCs was observed to promote the morphology, AP staining, and expression profiles of pluripotency genes as would be expected when cells approach the naïve state. Genes, KEGG pathways, and GO terms related to the process of differentiation were also downregulated. Next, in the wild-type piPSCs, high-level fluorescence activated by the IRF-1 promoter was associated with higher expression of naïve related genes in piPSCs. Analysis by ChIP-Seq indicated that genes related to the JAK-STAT pathway, and expression of IL7 and STAT3 were activated by IRF-1. The inhibitor of STAT3 phosphorylation was observed could revert the expression of primed genes in IRF-1 overexpressing cells, but the addition of IL7 in culture medium had no apparent change in the cell morphology, AP staining results, or expression of pluripotency related genes. In addition, knockdown of IRF-1 during reprogramming appeared to reduce reprogramming efficiency, whereas overexpression exerted the converse effect. CONCLUSION The IRF-1 expressed in the ICM of pigs' early blastocyst enhances the pluripotency of piPSCs, in part through promoting the JAK-STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dengfeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Medicine for Diabetes, The Shijiazhuang Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Minglei Zhi
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaogang Weng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Junjun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junhong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuguang Du
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanli Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Suying Cao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jianyong Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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19
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Dong K, Du Q, Cui X, Wan P, Kaltenmeier C, Luo J, Yan B, Yan Y, Geller DA. MicroRNA-301a (miR-301a) is induced in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and down- regulates the expression of interferon regulatory factor-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:273-279. [PMID: 31987500 PMCID: PMC7857543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors evade death in part by downregulating expression of the tumor suppressor gene Interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1). However, the molecular mechanisms accounting for IRF-1 suppression in HCC have not been well described. In this study, we identified a novel microRNA-301a (miR-301a) binding site in the 3'-untranslated region (3'- UTR) of the human IRF-1 gene and hypothesized a functional role for miR-301a in regulating HCC growth. We show that miR-301a is markedly upregulated in primary HCC tumors and HCC cell lines, while IRF-1 is down-regulated in a post-transcriptional manner. MiR-301a regulates basal and inducible IRF-1 expression in HCC cells with an inverse relationship between miR-301a and IRF-1 expression in HCC cells. Chronic hypoxia induces miR-301a in HCC in vitro and decreases IRF-1 expression. Finally, miR-301a inhibition increases apoptosis and decreases HCC cell proliferation. These findings suggest that targeting of IRF-1 by miR-301a contributes to the molecular basis for IRF-1 downregulation in HCC and provides new insight into the regulation of HCC by miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Qiang Du
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xiao Cui
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Peiqi Wan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | | | - Jing Luo
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yihe Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - David A Geller
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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20
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Chen ZG, Bishop KS, Tanambell H, Buchanan P, Smith C, Quek SY. Characterization of the bioactivities of an ethanol extract and some of its constituents from the New Zealand native mushroom Hericium novae-zealandiae. Food Funct 2019; 10:6633-6643. [PMID: 31555775 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01672d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the potential bioactivities of an ethanol extract of Hericium novae-zealandiae and four of its constituents, namely hericenone C, hericene B, ergosterol and ergosterol peroxide. The proliferation of three prostate cancer cell lines, namely DU145, LNCaP and PC3, was evaluated after treatment with the extract and constituents. It was found that both the ethanol extract and ergosterol peroxide possess anti-proliferative activities to the three prostate cancer cell lines. Ergosterol peroxide was considered likely to be one of the major compounds responsible for the anti-proliferative effect of the ethanol extract. Subsequently, the results of RT-qPCR assay showed two possible mechanisms for these anti-proliferative activities. One is apoptosis, supported by the up-regulation of CASP3, CASP8, CASP9, and an increase in the ratio of Bax/Bcl2. The other is anti-inflammation, indicated by the down-regulation of IL6 and up-regulation of IL24. The ethanol extract also exhibited antioxidant and AChE inhibitory (though weak) activities. However, none of the four compounds were found to account for these latter two activities. This is the first report of the bioactivities, and the corresponding active ingredients of lipophilic constituents from H. novae-zealandiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixia Grace Chen
- Food Science, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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21
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Nicolini A, Ferrari P, Rossi G, Carpi A. Tumour growth and immune evasion as targets for a new strategy in advanced cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:R577–R604. [PMID: 30306784 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It has become clearer that advanced cancer, especially advanced breast cancer, is an entirely displayed pathological system that is much more complex than previously considered. However, the direct relationship between tumour growth and immune evasion can represent a general rule governing the pathological cancer system from the initial cancer cells to when the system is entirely displayed. Accordingly, a refined pathobiological model and a novel therapeutic strategy are proposed. The novel therapeutic strategy is based on therapeutically induced conditions (undetectable tumour burden and/or a prolonged tumour ‘resting state’), which enable an efficacious immune response in advanced breast and other types of solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nicolini
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Ferrari
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rossi
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Carpi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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22
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Santosh KM, Nitish K, Gautam K, Tara K, Krishna P. Recombinant human interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) protein expression and solubilisation study in Escherichia coli. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1367-1374. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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23
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Aqbi HF, Wallace M, Sappal S, Payne KK, Manjili MH. IFN-γ orchestrates tumor elimination, tumor dormancy, tumor escape, and progression. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:10.1002/JLB.5MIR0917-351R. [PMID: 29469956 PMCID: PMC6157004 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5mir0917-351r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunoediting consisting of three phases of elimination, equilibrium or dormancy, and escape has been supported by preclinical and clinical data. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which antitumor immune responses regulate these three phases are important for developing highly tailored immunotherapeutics that can control cancer. To this end, IFN-γ produced by Th1 cells, cytotoxic T cells, NK cells, and NKT cells is a pleiotropic cytokine that is involved in all three phases of tumor immunoediting, as well as during inflammation-mediated tumorigenesis processes. This essay presents a review of literature and suggests that overcoming tumor escape is feasible by driving tumor cells into a state of quiescent but not indolent dormancy in order for IFN-γ-producing tumor-specific T cells to prevent tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein F. Aqbi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
| | - Matthew Wallace
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
| | - Samay Sappal
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
| | - Kyle K Payne
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Masoud H Manjili
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
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24
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Interferon regulatory factor 1 priming of tumour-derived exosomes enhances the antitumour immune response. Br J Cancer 2017; 118:62-71. [PMID: 29112686 PMCID: PMC5765230 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumour-derived exosomes (TEXs) have a potential for application in cancer vaccines. Whether TEXs after induction by interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) are capable of enhancing the antitumour response remains to be determined. Methods: Exosomes released by tumour cells infected with IRF-1-expressing adenovirus (IRF-1-Exo) or treated with interferon-γ (IFN-Exo) were isolated via ultracentrifugation. The IRF-1 target proteins IL-15Rα and MHC class I (MHC-I) were analysed by western blot. Exosomes along with CpG adjuvant were injected into tumour models to assess the antitumour effects. Tumours were harvested for immunofluorescence staining. Splenocytes from tumour-bearing mice were co-cultured with tumour cells. The IFNγ-positive and granzyme B-positive CD8α+ splenocyte cells were quantified by flow cytometry. Results: The IRF-1-Exo or IFN-Exo displayed increased IL-15Rα and MHC-I expression. Injection of IRF-1-Exo or IFN-Exo combined with CpG had improved antitumour effects in mice. This effect may be a result of increased infiltration of tumours by CD4+ and CD8α+ T cells. Antibody-mediated depletion of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells abrogated the antitumour effects. Splenocytes isolated from CpG+IRF-1-Exo-injected Hepa 1–6 tumour mice had increased IFNγ-positive and granzyme B-positive CD8+ cells after co-culturing with Hepa 1–6 cells as compared with MC38 cells. Conclusions: The IRF-1 priming of TEXs enhances antitumour immune response.
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25
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Lin B, Zhang L, Li D, Sun H. MED23 in endocrinotherapy for breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4679-4684. [PMID: 28588722 PMCID: PMC5452902 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of the transcriptional mediator subunit 23 (MED23) in everolimus drug resistance, invasion and metastasis during breast cancer treatment and its molecular mechanism. We also evaluated the endocrinotherapy and prevention method for breast cancer. Breast cancer cell strains were established that can continuously express MED23, as well as inducible MED23-shRNA expression plasmids. The inductive agent, doxycycline (Dox), was added to the water for long-term silencing of MED23 in intratumoral cells. We conducted experiments on the role of MED23 in the regulation of invasion and metastasis of breast cancer using cell culture, western blotting, MTT proliferation experiment, fluorescent quantitative PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). The silencing of MED23 significantly inhibited cellular growth and proliferation as well as soft agar cloning. Silencing of MED23 strengthened the sensitivity of the everolimus-resistant breast cancer cell strains BT474 and MCF-7/ADM cells to everolimus medication. The silencing of MED23, in combination with everolimus, inhibits the cell cycle progress of breast cancer cells. ChIP indicated that the mutual regulation of HER2 and MED23 also participates in the formation of the everolimus drug resistance mechanism. Therefore, MED23 plays an important role in everolimus drug resistance, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer. As a potential molecular therapeutic target of breast cancer, MED23 overcomes drug resistance in clinical endocrinotherapy and controls the distal relapse and metastasis in breast cancer by the targeted silencing of MED23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benrui Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Dinuo Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhi Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
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26
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Yan Y, Liang Z, Du Q, Yang M, Geller DA. MicroRNA-23a downregulates the expression of interferon regulatory factor-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:633-40. [PMID: 27279136 PMCID: PMC4933546 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) is a tumor-suppressor gene induced by interferon-γ (IFNγ) and plays an important role in the cell death of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC tumors evade death in part by downregulating IRF-1 expression, yet the molecular mechanisms accounting for IRF-1 suppression in HCC have not yet been characterized. Previous studies have shown that microRNA-23a (miR-23a) can suppress apoptosis by targeting IRF-1. Therefore, we hypothesized that miR-23a promotes HCC growth by downregulating IRF-1. For the in vivo studies, 7 cases of resected HCC and adjacent liver samples were analyzed. For the in vitro studies, IRF-1 mRNA and protein were examined in HepG2 and Huh-7 HCC cells after IFNγ stimulation by real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. To determine the role of miR-23a in regulating IRF-1, HepG2 cells were transfected with an miR-23a mimic or inhibitor, and IRF-1 expression was examined. Binding of miR-23a was assessed by cloning the 528-bp human IRF-1 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) into luciferase reporter plasmid pMIR-IRF-1-3'UTR. The results showed that IRF-1 mRNA expression was downregulated in the human HCC tumor tissues compared to that in the adjacent background liver tissues. IFNγ-induced IRF-1 protein was less in the HepG2 tumor cells compared to that in the primary human hepatocytes. miR-23a expression was inversely correlated with IRF-1, and addition of the miR-23a inhibitor increased basal IRF-1 mRNA and protein. Likewise, the miR-23a mimic downregulated IFNγ-induced IRF-1 protein expression, while the miR-23a inhibitor increased IRF-1. Furthermore, the miR-23a mimic repressed IRF-1-3'UTR reporter activity, while the miR-23a inhibitor increased the reporter activity. These results demonstrated that IRF-1 expression is downregulated in human HCC tumors compared to that noted in the background liver. miR-23a downregulates the expression of IRF-1 in HCC cells, and the IRF-1 3'UTR has an miR‑23a binding site that binds miR-23a and decreases reporter activity. These findings suggest that the targeting of IRF-1 by miR-23a may be the molecular basis for IRF-1 downregulation in HCC and provide new insight into the regulation of HCC by miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihe Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of General Surgery
| | - Zhihai Liang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Du
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Muqing Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - David A. Geller
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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