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Yaya-Candela AP, Ravagnani FG, Dietrich N, Sousa R, Baptista MS. Specific photodamage on HT-29 cancer cells leads to endolysosomal failure and autophagy blockage by cathepsin depletion. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 255:112919. [PMID: 38677261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Endolysosomes perform a wide range of cellular functions, including nutrient sensing, macromolecule digestion and recycling, as well as plasma membrane repair. Because of their high activity in cancerous cells, endolysosomes are attractive targets for the development of novel cancer treatments. Light-activated compounds termed photosensitizers (PS) can catalyze the oxidation of specific biomolecules and intracellular organelles. To selectively damage endosomes and lysosomes, HT-29 colorectal cancer cells were incubated with nanomolar concentrations of meso-tetraphenylporphine disulfonate (TPPS2a), an amphiphilic PS taken up via endocytosis and activated by green light (522 nm, 2.1 J.cm-1). Several cellular responses were characterized by a combination of immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays. We showed that TPPS2a photosensitization blocked autophagic flux without extensive endolysosomal membrane rupture. Nevertheless, there was a severe functional failure of endolysosomes due to a decrease in CTSD (cathepsin D, 55%) and CTSB (cathepsin B, 52%) maturation. PSAP (prosaposin) processing (into saposins) was also considerably impaired, a fact that could be detrimental to glycosphingolipid homeostasis. Therefore, photosensitization of HT-29 cells previously incubated with a low concentration of TPPS2a promotes endolysosomal dysfunction, an effect that can be used to improve cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natasha Dietrich
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Sousa
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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2
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Manzi J, Hoff CO, Ferreira R, Pimentel A, Datta J, Livingstone AS, Vianna R, Abreu P. Targeted Therapies in Colorectal Cancer: Recent Advances in Biomarkers, Landmark Trials, and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15113023. [PMID: 37296986 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15113023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2022, approximately 600,000 cancer deaths were expected; more than 50,000 of those deaths would be from colorectal cancer (CRC). The CRC mortality rate in the US has decreased in recent decades, with a 51% drop between 1976 and 2014. This drop is attributed, in part, to the tremendous therapeutic improvements, especially after the 2000s, in addition to increased social awareness regarding risk factors and diagnostic improvement. Five-fluorouracil, irinotecan, capecitabine, and later oxaliplatin were the mainstays of mCRC treatment from the 1960s to 2002. Since then, more than a dozen drugs have been approved for the disease, betting on a new chapter in medicine, precision oncology, which uses patient and tumor characteristics to guide the therapeutic choice. Thus, this review will summarize the current literature on targeted therapies, highlighting the molecular biomarkers involved and their pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Manzi
- Miami Transplant Institute, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Camilla O Hoff
- Miami Transplant Institute, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Raphaella Ferreira
- Miami Transplant Institute, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Agustin Pimentel
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jashodeep Datta
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Alan S Livingstone
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Rodrigo Vianna
- Miami Transplant Institute, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Phillipe Abreu
- Miami Transplant Institute, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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3
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Fuentes-Baile M, García-Morales P, Pérez-Valenciano E, Ventero MP, Sanz JM, Romero CDJ, Barberá VM, Alenda C, Saceda M. Cell Death Mechanisms Induced by CLytA-DAAO Chimeric Enzyme in Human Tumor Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228522. [PMID: 33198289 PMCID: PMC7697521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of the choline binding domain of the amidase N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine (CLytA)-D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) (CLytA-DAAO) and D-Alanine induces cell death in several pancreatic and colorectal carcinoma and glioblastoma cell lines. In glioblastoma cell lines, CLytA-DAAO-induced cell death was inhibited by a pan-caspase inhibitor, suggesting a classical apoptotic cell death. Meanwhile, the cell death induced in pancreatic and colon carcinoma cell lines is some type of programmed necrosis. In this article, we studied the mechanisms that trigger CLytA-DAAO-induced cell death in pancreatic and colorectal carcinoma and glioblastoma cell lines and we acquire a further insight into the necrotic cell death induced in pancreatic and colorectal carcinoma cell lines. We have analyzed the intracellular calcium mobilization, mitochondrial membrane potential, PARP-1 participation and AIF translocation. Although the mitochondrial membrane depolarization plays a crucial role, our results suggest that CLytA-DAAO-induced cell death is context dependent. We have previously detected pancreatic and colorectal carcinoma cell lines (Hs766T and HT-29, respectively) that were resistant to CLytA-DAAO-induced cell death. In this study, we have examined the putative mechanism underlying the resistance in these cell lines, evaluating both detoxification mechanisms and the inflammatory and survival responses. Overall, our results provide a better understanding on the cell death mechanism induced by CLytA-DAAO, a promising therapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fuentes-Baile
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l’Almazara, 11, 03203 Elche (Alicante), Spain; (M.F.-B.); (C.d.J.R.); (V.M.B.)
| | - Pilar García-Morales
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain; (P.G.-M.); (E.P.-V.)
| | - Elizabeth Pérez-Valenciano
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain; (P.G.-M.); (E.P.-V.)
| | - María P. Ventero
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, C/Maestro Alonso, 10, 03010 Alicante, Spain; (M.P.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Jesús M. Sanz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), C/Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Camino de Juan Romero
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l’Almazara, 11, 03203 Elche (Alicante), Spain; (M.F.-B.); (C.d.J.R.); (V.M.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain; (P.G.-M.); (E.P.-V.)
| | - Víctor M. Barberá
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l’Almazara, 11, 03203 Elche (Alicante), Spain; (M.F.-B.); (C.d.J.R.); (V.M.B.)
- Unidad de Genética Molecular, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l’Almazara, 11, 03203 Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Cristina Alenda
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, C/Maestro Alonso, 10, 03010 Alicante, Spain; (M.P.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Miguel Saceda
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l’Almazara, 11, 03203 Elche (Alicante), Spain; (M.F.-B.); (C.d.J.R.); (V.M.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain; (P.G.-M.); (E.P.-V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-966658432
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4
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Roberto M, Arrivi G, Lo Bianco F, Cascinu S, Gelsomino F, Caputo F, Cerma K, Ghidini M, Ratti M, Pizzo C, Ficorella C, Parisi A, Cortellini A, Urbano F, Calandrella ML, Dell’Aquila E, Minelli A, Fulgenzi CAM, Gariazzo L, Montori A, Pilozzi E, Di Girolamo M, Marchetti P, Mazzuca F. Evaluation of Prognostic Factors for Survival in Transverse Colon Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092457. [PMID: 32872561 PMCID: PMC7563638 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Transverse colon cancer (TCC) is mostly included among right-sided colon cancer, and sometimes even excluded at all, thus it is not completely clear if they present total similarities with right-sided ones or if they have their own specific features. With a median follow-up of 34 months, we concluded that TCC shares some clinicopathological characteristics with left-sided colon cancer and many others with the right-sided ones, but only poorly/undifferentiated tumor grade and BRAF V600E mutation are independent prognostic factors for survival, regardless of tumor stage. The present study provides more insightful knowledge of clinicopathological characteristics of TCC patients, emphasize the role of BRAF mutation since the early stage of disease and lay the basis for new treatment algorithms in this specific setting of colon cancer. Abstract Background: Although most of the analyses included transverse colon cancers (TCC) among right colon cancer (RCC), it is not completely clear if they present total similarities with RCC or if they have their specific features. Therefore, we present an observational study to evaluate clinicopathological characteristics and survival data of patients with TCC. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 450 RCC, of whom 97 stages I–IV TCC were included in this multicenter study; clinicopathological and molecular parameters were analyzed to identify prognostic factors for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: Most of TCC cases were male (61%), with ≤70 years old (62%), and good performance status (ECOG PS 0, 68%). According to WHO classification, 41 (49%) and 40 (48%) tumors were classified as well to moderate and poorly/undifferentiated respectively, regardless of mucinous component (30%). About molecular data, 8 (26%), 45 (63%), and 14 (24%) were MSI-H, KRAS wild-type, and BRAF V600E mutant, respectively. With a median follow-up of 34 months, there were 29 and 50 disease recurrences and deaths respectively. Charlson comorbidity index ≥5 was a significant prognostic factor for DFS (HR = 7.67, 95% CI 2.27–25.92). Colon obstruction/perforation (HR = 2.65, 95% CI 1.01–7.01), and BRAF mutant (HR = 3.03, 95% CI 0.97–9.50) cases showed a worst, despite not statistically significant, DFS. Whereas for OS, at the multivariate model, only tumor grade differentiation (HR = 5.26, 95% CI 1.98–14.01) and BRAF mutation status (3.71, 95% CI 1.07–12.89) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: Poorly/undifferentiated tumor grade and BRAF V600E mutation are independent prognostic factors for OS in TCC. Further prospective clinical trials are needed to better define TCC treatment in order to improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Roberto
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Oncology Unit, Sant’ Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00187 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (G.A.); (F.L.B.); (L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Giulia Arrivi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Oncology Unit, Sant’ Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00187 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (G.A.); (F.L.B.); (L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Francesca Lo Bianco
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Oncology Unit, Sant’ Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00187 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (G.A.); (F.L.B.); (L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Stefano Cascinu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.C.); (F.G.); (F.C.); (K.C.)
| | - Fabio Gelsomino
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.C.); (F.G.); (F.C.); (K.C.)
| | - Francesco Caputo
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.C.); (F.G.); (F.C.); (K.C.)
| | - Krisida Cerma
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.C.); (F.G.); (F.C.); (K.C.)
| | - Michele Ghidini
- Oncology Unit, Oncology Department, ASST of Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy; (M.G.); (M.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Margherita Ratti
- Oncology Unit, Oncology Department, ASST of Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy; (M.G.); (M.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Claudio Pizzo
- Oncology Unit, Oncology Department, ASST of Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy; (M.G.); (M.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Corrado Ficorella
- Medical Oncology, St. Salvatore Hospital, University of L’Aquila, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (C.F.); (A.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessandro Parisi
- Medical Oncology, St. Salvatore Hospital, University of L’Aquila, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (C.F.); (A.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessio Cortellini
- Medical Oncology, St. Salvatore Hospital, University of L’Aquila, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (C.F.); (A.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Federica Urbano
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Pathology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.U.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Maria Letizia Calandrella
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Pathology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.U.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Emanuela Dell’Aquila
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (E.D.); (A.M.); (C.A.M.F.)
| | - Alessandro Minelli
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (E.D.); (A.M.); (C.A.M.F.)
| | | | - Ludovica Gariazzo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Oncology Unit, Sant’ Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00187 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (G.A.); (F.L.B.); (L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Andrea Montori
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, UOC Anatomia Patologica, Sant’ Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00187 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Emanuela Pilozzi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, UOC Anatomia Patologica, Sant’ Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00187 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Marco Di Girolamo
- Department of Radiology, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00187 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Oncology Unit, Sant’ Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00187 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (G.A.); (F.L.B.); (L.G.); (P.M.)
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Pathology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.U.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Federica Mazzuca
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Oncology Unit, Sant’ Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00187 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (G.A.); (F.L.B.); (L.G.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Hernández-Sandoval JA, Gutiérrez-Angulo M, Magaña-Torres MT, Alvizo-Rodríguez CR, Ramírez-Plascencia HHF, Flores-López BA, Valenzuela-Pérez JA, Peregrina-Sandoval J, Moreno-Ortiz JM, Domínguez-Valentín M, Ayala-Madrigal MDLL. Prevalence of the BRAF p.v600e variant in patients with colorectal cancer from Mexico and its estimated frequency in Latin American and Caribbean populations. J Investig Med 2020; 68:985-991. [PMID: 32184228 PMCID: PMC7306871 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the frequency of the somatic BRAF p.V600E in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) in Mexico and compare it with those estimated for Latin American and Caribbean populations. One hundred and one patients with CRC with AJCC stages ranging I–IV from Western Mexico were included, out of which 55% were male and 61% had AJCC stage III–IV, with a mean age of 60 years. PCR-Sanger sequencing was used to identify the BRAF p.V600E variant. In addition, a systematic literature search in PubMed/Medline database and Google of the 42 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean led to the collection of information on the BRAF p.V600E variant frequency of 17 population reports. To compare the BRAF variant prevalence among populations, a statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism V.6.0. We found that 4% of patients with CRC were heterozygous for the p.V600E variant. The χ2 test showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in p.V600E detection when comparing with other Latin American and Caribbean CRC populations, except for Chilean patients (p=0.02). Our observational study provides the first evidence on the frequency of BRAF p.V600E in patients with CRC from Western Mexico, which is 4%, but increases to 7.8% for all of Latin America and the Caribbean. The patient mean age and genetic descent on the observed frequencies of the variant in populations could influence the frequency differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Arturo Hernández-Sandoval
- Instituto de Genética Humana "Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera" y Doctorado en Genética Humana, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Melva Gutiérrez-Angulo
- Instituto de Genética Humana "Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera" y Doctorado en Genética Humana, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.,Departamento de Clínicas, CUALTOS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, México
| | - María Teresa Magaña-Torres
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Carlos Rogelio Alvizo-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Genética Humana "Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera" y Doctorado en Genética Humana, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Helen Haydee Fernanda Ramírez-Plascencia
- Instituto de Genética Humana "Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera" y Doctorado en Genética Humana, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Beatriz Armida Flores-López
- Instituto de Genética Humana "Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera" y Doctorado en Genética Humana, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | | | - Jorge Peregrina-Sandoval
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, México.,Laboratorio de Patología Clínica, Hospital Civil "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - José Miguel Moreno-Ortiz
- Instituto de Genética Humana "Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera" y Doctorado en Genética Humana, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Mev Domínguez-Valentín
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Católica Los Angeles de Chimbote, Chimbote, Áncash, Perú
| | - María de la Luz Ayala-Madrigal
- Instituto de Genética Humana "Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera" y Doctorado en Genética Humana, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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6
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Sastre J, Orden VDL, Martínez A, Bando I, Balbín M, Bellosillo B, Palanca S, Peligros Gomez MI, Mediero B, Llovet P, Moral VM, Viéitez JM, García-Alfonso P, Calle SG, Ortiz-Morales MJ, Salud A, Quintero G, Lopez C, Díaz-Rubio E, Aranda E. Association Between Baseline Circulating Tumor Cells, Molecular Tumor Profiling, and Clinical Characteristics in a Large Cohort of Chemo-naïve Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Prospectively Collected. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2020; 19:e110-e116. [PMID: 32278676 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic and predictive factors offer valuable guidance when selecting optimal first-line treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). The association between baseline circulating tumor cell (bCTC) count, molecular tumor profile, and clinicopathologic features was analyzed in a chemo-naïve metastatic CRC population. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 1202 patients from the Spanish VISNÚ-1 (FOLFIRINOX/bevacizumab vs. FOLFOX/bevacizumab) and VISNÚ-2 (FOLFIRI/bevacizumab vs. FOLFIRI/cetuximab; RAS-wildtype) studies were analyzed for mutational status and bCTC count. The association between clinicopathologic characteristics and bCTC count, mutational status, and microsatellite instability (MSI) was analyzed in 589 eligible patients. RESULTS Interestingly, 41% of the population studied presented ≥3 bCTC count. bCTC count ≥3 was associated with worse performance status (according Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scale), stage IV at diagnosis, at least 3 metastatic sites, and elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels; but not with RAS or BRAF mutations or high MSI. BRAFmut (BRAF mutated) tumors were associated with right-sided primary tumors, peritoneum, distant lymph node metastasis, and less frequent liver involvement. RASmut (RAS mutated) was associated with worse performance status; stage IV at diagnosis; right-sided primary tumors; liver, lung, and bone metastases; at least 3 metastatic sites; and elevated CEA, whereas PIK3CAmut (PIK3CA mutated) tumors were associated with right-sided primary tumors, high CEA serum levels, and older age. High MSI was associated with right-sided primary tumors, distant lymph nodes metastasis, and lower CEA levels. CONCLUSIONS In our study, elevated bCTCs and RASmut were associated with clinicopathologic features known to be associated with poor prognosis; whereas the poor prognosis of BRAFmut tumors in chemo-naïve metastatic CRC is not explained by associations with poor clinicopathologic prognostic factors, except right-sided primary tumors. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER VISNU 1 ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01640405/ VISNU 2 ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01640444.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sastre
- Medical Oncology Hospital Clínico San Carlos, University Complutense Instituto de investigación Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISCC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Virginia de la Orden
- CTC Unit, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de investigación Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISCC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Inmaculada Bando
- Laboratory, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de investigación Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISCC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Milagros Balbín
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, H. Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Sarai Palanca
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Mediero
- CTC Unit, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de investigación Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISCC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Llovet
- Laboratory, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de investigación Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISCC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Maria Viéitez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Gil Calle
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Maria José Ortiz-Morales
- Medical Oncology IMIBIC, Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonieta Salud
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de Lleida Arnau de Vilanova, Lérida, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Lopez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Eduardo Díaz-Rubio
- Medical Oncology Hospital Clínico San Carlos, University Complutense Instituto de investigación Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISCC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Aranda
- Medical Oncology IMIBIC, Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
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7
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Rachiglio AM, Sacco A, Forgione L, Esposito C, Chicchinelli N, Normanno N. Colorectal cancer genomic biomarkers in the clinical management of patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2020; 1:53-70. [PMID: 36046264 PMCID: PMC9400741 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2020.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is an heterogeneous disease in which different genetic alterations play a role in its pathogenesis and progression and offer potential for therapeutic intervention. The research on predictive biomarkers in metastatic CRC (mCRC) mainly focused on the identification of biomarkers of response or resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies. In this respect, international guidelines suggest testing mCRC patients only for KRAS, NRAS and BRAF mutations and for microsatellite instability. However, the use of novel testing methods is raising relevant issue related to these biomarkers, such as the presence of sub-clonal RAS mutations or the clinical interpretation of rare no-V600 BRAF variants. In addition, a number of novel biomarkers is emerging from recent studies including amplification of ERBB2, mutations in ERBB2, MAP2K1 and NF1 and rearrangements of ALK, ROS1, NTRK and RET. Mutations in POLE and the levels of tumor mutation burden also appear as possible biomarkers of response to immunotherapy in CRC. Finally, the consensus molecular subtypes classification of CRC based on gene expression profiling has prognostic and predictive implications. Integration of all these information will be likely necessary in the next future in order to improve precision/personalized medicine in mCRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Rachiglio
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sacco
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Forgione
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Esposito
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Chicchinelli
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Normanno
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
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8
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Fanelli GN, Dal Pozzo CA, Depetris I, Schirripa M, Brignola S, Biason P, Balistreri M, Dal Santo L, Lonardi S, Munari G, Loupakis F, Fassan M. The heterogeneous clinical and pathological landscapes of metastatic Braf-mutated colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:30. [PMID: 32015690 PMCID: PMC6990491 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-1117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex and molecularly heterogeneous disease representing one of the most frequent causes of cancer-related death worldwide. About 8–15% of CRCs harbor a mutation in BRAF gene, a proto-oncogene involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and survival through the MAPK signaling cascade. The acquisition of BRAF mutation is an early event in the “serrated” CRC carcinogenetic pathway and is associated with specific and aggressive clinico-pathological and molecular features. Despite that the presence of BRAF mutation is a well-recognized negative prognostic biomarker in metastatic CRC (mCRC), a great heterogeneity in survival outcome characterizes these patients, due to the complex, and still not completely fully elucidated, interactions between the clinical, genetic and epigenetic landscape of BRAF mutations. Because of the great aggressiveness of BRAF-mutated mCRCs, only 60% of patients can receive a second-line chemotherapy; so intensive combined and tailored first-line approach could be a potentially effective strategy, but to minimize the selective pressure of resistant clones and to reduce side effects, a better stratification of patients bearing BRAF mutations is needed. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Nicolò Fanelli
- 1Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, via Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Carlo Alberto Dal Pozzo
- 1Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, via Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Ilaria Depetris
- 2Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Schirripa
- 2Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Brignola
- 1Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, via Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Biason
- 2Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Mariangela Balistreri
- 1Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, via Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Dal Santo
- 1Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, via Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Lonardi
- 2Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Giada Munari
- 1Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, via Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy.,2Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Fotios Loupakis
- 2Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- 1Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, via Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy
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9
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Bylsma LC, Gillezeau C, Garawin TA, Kelsh MA, Fryzek JP, Sangaré L, Lowe KA. Prevalence of RAS and BRAF mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer patients by tumor sidedness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Med 2019; 9:1044-1057. [PMID: 31856410 PMCID: PMC6997095 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that the prevalence of RAS and BRAF mutations may differ by tumor sidedness among metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. Both mutation status and tumor sidedness may impact survival and disease progression and RAS mutation status has been shown to predict response to anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy. A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis were conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of RAS and BRAF mutations by tumor sidedness in studies of mCRC patients. Forty‐four studies comprising 15 981 mCRC patients tested for RAS and/or BRAF mutations were included in the meta‐analyses. The prevalence of RAS mutations differed significantly by tumor side (32.4% among left‐sided tumors, 41.3% among right‐sided tumors; P = .017), as did the prevalence of KRAS mutations (35.8% among left‐sided tumors, 46.3% among right‐sided tumors; P < .0001) and BRAF mutations (4.3% among left‐sided tumors, 16.3% among right‐sided tumors; P < .0001). Among right‐sided tumors, the prevalence of RAS and KRAS mutations varied significantly by study design, with higher prevalence among observational studies than clinical trials, and there was significant variation by study location for the prevalence of KRAS mutations in left‐sided tumors and the prevalence of BRAF mutations in right‐sided tumors. These results help to better characterize the mCRC population to better inform clinicians and researchers. Few of the included studies reported overall or progression‐free survival (PFS) by both tumor sidedness and mutation status. As both of these factors may have prognostic impact, future studies should consider evaluating survival by these variables.
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10
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Ruiz-Torres V, Rodríguez-Pérez C, Herranz-López M, Martín-García B, Gómez-Caravaca AM, Arráez-Román D, Segura-Carretero A, Barrajón-Catalán E, Micol V. Marine Invertebrate Extracts Induce Colon Cancer Cell Death via ROS-Mediated DNA Oxidative Damage and Mitochondrial Impairment. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120771. [PMID: 31771155 PMCID: PMC6995635 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine compounds are a potential source of new anticancer drugs. In this study, the antiproliferative effects of 20 invertebrate marine extracts on three colon cancer cell models (HGUE-C-1, HT-29, and SW-480) were evaluated. Extracts from two nudibranchs (Phyllidia varicosa, NA and Dolabella auricularia, NB), a holothurian (Pseudocol ochirus violaceus, PS), and a soft coral (Carotalcyon sp., CR) were selected due to their potent cytotoxic capacities. The four marine extracts exhibited strong antiproliferative effects and induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M transition, which evolved into early apoptosis in the case of the CR, NA, and NB extracts and necrotic cell death in the case of the PS extract. All the extracts induced, to some extent, intracellular ROS accumulation, mitochondrial depolarization, caspase activation, and DNA damage. The compositions of the four extracts were fully characterized via HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS analysis, which identified up to 98 compounds. We propose that, among the most abundant compounds identified in each extract, diterpenes, steroids, and sesqui- and seterterpenes (CR); cembranolides (PS); diterpenes, polyketides, and indole terpenes (NA); and porphyrin, drimenyl cyclohexanone, and polar steroids (NB) might be candidates for the observed activity. We postulate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation is responsible for the subsequent DNA damage, mitochondrial depolarization, and cell cycle arrest, ultimately inducing cell death by either apoptosis or necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Ruiz-Torres
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain; (V.R.-T.); (M.H.-L.); (V.M.)
| | - Celia Rodríguez-Pérez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain (D.A.-R.); (A.S.-C.)
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Edificio BioRegion, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - María Herranz-López
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain; (V.R.-T.); (M.H.-L.); (V.M.)
| | - Beatriz Martín-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain (D.A.-R.); (A.S.-C.)
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Edificio BioRegion, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana-María Gómez-Caravaca
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Edificio BioRegion, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - David Arráez-Román
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain (D.A.-R.); (A.S.-C.)
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Edificio BioRegion, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain (D.A.-R.); (A.S.-C.)
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Edificio BioRegion, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique Barrajón-Catalán
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain; (V.R.-T.); (M.H.-L.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-965-222-586
| | - Vicente Micol
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain; (V.R.-T.); (M.H.-L.); (V.M.)
- CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III., Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain
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11
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Van Cutsem E, Huijberts S, Grothey A, Yaeger R, Cuyle PJ, Elez E, Fakih M, Montagut C, Peeters M, Yoshino T, Wasan H, Desai J, Ciardiello F, Gollerkeri A, Christy-Bittel J, Maharry K, Sandor V, Schellens JH, Kopetz S, Tabernero J. Binimetinib, Encorafenib, and Cetuximab Triplet Therapy for Patients With BRAF V600E-Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Safety Lead-In Results From the Phase III BEACON Colorectal Cancer Study. J Clin Oncol 2019; 37:1460-1469. [PMID: 30892987 PMCID: PMC7370699 DOI: 10.1200/jco.18.02459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the safety and preliminary efficacy of selective combination targeted therapy for BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in the safety lead-in phase of the open-label, randomized, three-arm, phase III BEACON Colorectal Cancer trial ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02928224; European Union Clinical Trials Register identifier: EudraCT2015-005805-35). PATIENTS AND METHODS Before initiation of the randomized portion of the BEACON Colorectal Cancer trial, 30 patients with BRAF V600E-mutant mCRC who had experienced treatment failure with one or two prior regimens were to be recruited to a safety lead-in of encorafenib 300 mg daily, binimetinib 45 mg twice daily, plus standard weekly cetuximab. The primary end point was safety, including the incidence of dose-limiting toxicities. Efficacy end points included overall response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival. RESULTS Among the 30 treated patients, dose-limiting toxicities occurred in five patients and included serous retinopathy (n = 2), reversible decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (n = 1), and cetuximab-related infusion reactions (n = 2). The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events were fatigue (13%), anemia (10%), increased creatine phosphokinase (10%), increased AST (10%), and urinary tract infections (10%). In 29 patients with BRAF V600E-mutant tumors (one patient had a non-BRAF V600E-mutant tumor and was not included in the efficacy analysis), the confirmed overall response rate was 48% (95% CI, 29.4% to 67.5%), median progression-free survival was 8.0 months (95% CI, 5.6 to 9.3 months), and median overall survival was 15.3 months (95% CI, 9.6 months to not reached), with median duration of follow-up of 18.2 months (range, 16.6 to 19.8 months). CONCLUSION In the safety lead-in, the safety and tolerability of the encorafenib, binimetinib, and cetuximab regimen is manageable and acceptable for initiation of the randomized portion of the study. The observed efficacy is promising compared with available therapies and, if confirmed in the randomized portion of the trial, could establish this regimen as a new standard of care for previously treated BRAF V600E-mutant mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Van Cutsem
- University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Rona Yaeger
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Pieter-Jan Cuyle
- University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Imelda General Hospital, Bonheiden, Belgium; University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elena Elez
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marwan Fakih
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Clara Montagut
- Hospital del Mar–Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Harpreet Wasan
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jayesh Desai
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Scott Kopetz
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Josep Tabernero
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Tatangelo F, Di Mauro A, Scognamiglio G, Aquino G, Lettiero A, Delrio P, Avallone A, Cantile M, Botti G. Posterior HOX genes and HOTAIR expression in the proximal and distal colon cancer pathogenesis. J Transl Med 2018; 16:350. [PMID: 30541551 PMCID: PMC6292169 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidences showed that the location of the primary tumor on the right (proximal) or left (distal) side of the colon have a prognostic/predictive value for colon cancer patients. However, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis in different location of colon is still unclear. Probably an important role could be played by genes that control the spatial-temporal development of bodily structures, such as HOX genes. METHODS The main purpose of this study was to analyze the expression of the paralogous 13 HOX genes and of the HOX regulating lncRNA HOTAIR in distal and proximal CRC cases. We have carried out a Tissue Micro Array with left and right CRC samples associated with all clinical-pathological parameters of patients. The expression of HOX genes was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and the staining of HOTAIR was performed by in situ hybridization using a specifically designed LNA probe. RESULTS All paralogous 13 HOX genes and HOTAIR are silent in normal tissue and expressed in CRC samples. HOXB13, HOXC13 and HOTAIR showed a statistical association with lymph nodes metastasis (p value = 0.003, p value = 0.05, p value = 0.04). HOXB13, HOXC13 and lncRNA HOTAIR are overexpressed in right CRCs samples (p value < 0 and p value = 0.021). HOTAIR is also strongly correlated with HOXB13 (p value = 0.02) and HOXC13 (p value = 0.042) expression. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlighted an important role of posterior HOX genes in colorectal cancer carcinogenesis. Specifically, the aberrant expression of the HOXB13, HOXC13 and HOTAIR in proximal colon cancers could add an important dowel in understanding molecular mechanisms related to tumor pathogenesis in this location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Tatangelo
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Annabella Di Mauro
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Giosuè Scognamiglio
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Aquino
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Lettiero
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Delrio
- Colorectal Cancer Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Avallone
- Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Cantile
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Scientific Direction, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
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13
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Lai E, Pretta A, Impera V, Mariani S, Giampieri R, Casula L, Pusceddu V, Coni P, Fanni D, Puzzoni M, Demurtas L, Ziranu P, Faa G, Scartozzi M. BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer, a different breed evolving. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 18:499-512. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1470928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Lai
- Medical Oncology, Sapienza-University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Pretta
- Medical Oncology, Sapienza-University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valentino Impera
- Medical Oncology, Sapienza-University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Mariani
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Giampieri
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Casula
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valeria Pusceddu
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Coni
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Pathology, University of Cagliari, Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniela Fanni
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Pathology, University of Cagliari, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Puzzoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Demurtas
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pina Ziranu
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gavino Faa
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Pathology, University of Cagliari, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mario Scartozzi
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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14
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Peng J, Huang D, Poston G, Ma X, Wang R, Sheng W, Zhou X, Zhu X, Cai S. The molecular heterogeneity of sporadic colorectal cancer with different tumor sites in Chinese patients. Oncotarget 2018; 8:49076-49083. [PMID: 28416767 PMCID: PMC5564750 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the biological variability of clinical meaningful molecular markers and their clinical correlations in Chinese patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective observational study, frequencies and clinico-pathological features of RAS and BRAFV600E mutations, deficiency of DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) were evaluated in patients with colorectal cancer staged I-IV. The molecular heterogeneity between right-sided and left-sided colorectal cancers was studied in our series by classifying patients with different mutations and dMMR status. RESULTS Among 400 evaluable patients, mutations in KRAS exon 2, exon 3 or 4, NRAS and BRAFV600E were detected in 36%, 7.5%, 3.5% and 2.5%, respectively. RAS mutations were significantly higher in metastatic CRCs (56.4% vs. 43.1%, p=0.015) and right-sided CRCs (62.5% vs 41.7%, p=0.003). In 212 RAS wild-type patients, V600E mutation was higher in older patients (9.5% vs. 2.2%, p=0.017), women (9.2% vs. 2.2%, p=0.021) and right-sided CRCs (10.5% vs. 3.4%, p=0.06). dMMR was detected in 7.75% of all stages of CRCs, with the highest dMMR rate of 40% in stage II right-sided colon cancer. CONCLUSIONS By assessing the mutations and clinical correlations of RAS and BRAF genes, and dMMR status, similar RAS mutation, dMMR frequency and lower BRAF mutation was observed in Chinese patients compared to western patients. A distinct molecular heterogeneity was found between patients with right-sided and left-sided CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Graeme Poston
- Department of Surgery, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK
| | - Xiaoji Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renjie Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weiqi Sheng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sanjun Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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15
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Cancer molecular markers: A guide to cancer detection and management. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 52:39-55. [PMID: 29428478 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is generally caused by the molecular alterations which lead to specific mutations. Advances in molecular biology have provided an impetus to the study of cancers with valuable prognostic and predictive significance. Over the hindsight various attempts have been undertaken by scientists worldwide, in the management of cancer; where, we have witnessed a number of molecular markers which allow the early detection of cancers and lead to a decrease in its mortality rate. Recent advances in oncology have led to the discovery of cancer markers that has allowed early detection and targeted therapy of tumors. In this context, current review provides a detail outlook on various molecular markers for diagnosis, prognosis and management of therapeutic response in cancer patients.
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Yosef HK, Frick T, Hammoud MK, Maghnouj A, Hahn S, Gerwert K, El-Mashtoly SF. Exploring the efficacy and cellular uptake of sorafenib in colon cancer cells by Raman micro-spectroscopy. Analyst 2018; 143:6069-6078. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an02029a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the efficacy and distribution of sorafenib in colon cancer cells by label-free Raman microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. K. Yosef
- Department of Biophysics
- Ruhr-University Bochum
- Germany
| | - T. Frick
- Department of Biophysics
- Ruhr-University Bochum
- Germany
| | - M. K. Hammoud
- Department of Biophysics
- Ruhr-University Bochum
- Germany
| | - A. Maghnouj
- Department of Molecular GI-Oncology
- Clinical Research Center
- Ruhr-University Bochum
- 44780 Bochum
- Germany
| | - S. Hahn
- Department of Molecular GI-Oncology
- Clinical Research Center
- Ruhr-University Bochum
- 44780 Bochum
- Germany
| | - K. Gerwert
- Department of Biophysics
- Ruhr-University Bochum
- Germany
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17
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Loree JM, Kopetz S, Raghav KPS. Current companion diagnostics in advanced colorectal cancer; getting a bigger and better piece of the pie. J Gastrointest Oncol 2017; 8:199-212. [PMID: 28280626 PMCID: PMC5334060 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2017.01.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While the treatment of colorectal cancer continues to rely heavily on conventional cytotoxic therapy, an increasing number of targeted agents are under development. Many of these treatments require companion diagnostic tests in order to define an appropriate population that will derive benefit. In addition, a growing number of biomarkers provide prognostic information about a patient's malignancy. As we learn more about these biomarkers and their assays, selecting the appropriate companion diagnostic becomes increasingly important. In the case of many biomarkers, there are numerous assays which could provide the same information to a treating physician, however each assay has strengths and weaknesses. Institutions must balance cost, assay sensitivity, turn-around time, and labor resources when selecting which assay to offer. In this review we will discuss the current state of companion diagnostics available in metastatic colorectal cancer and explore emerging biomarkers and their assays. We will focus on KRAS, BRAF, HER2, and PIK3CA testing, as well as microsatellite stability assessment and multigene panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Loree
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kanwal P S Raghav
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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