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Huang S, Tan C, Zheng J, Huang Z, Li Z, Lv Z, Chen W, Chen M, Yuan X, Chen C, Yan Q. Identification of RNMT as an immunotherapeutic and prognostic biomarker: From pan-cancer analysis to lung squamous cell carcinoma validation. Immunobiology 2024; 229:152836. [PMID: 39018675 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2024.152836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of RNA guanine-7 methyltransferase (RNMT) plays a crucial role in the tumor progression and immune responses. However, the detailed role of RNMT in pan-cancer is still unknown. METHODS Bulk transcriptomic data of pan-cancer were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) databases. Single-cell transcriptomic and proteomics data of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) were analyzed in the Tumor Immune Single-cell Hub 2 (TISCH2) and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) databases, respectively. The correlation between RNMT expression and cancer prognosis was analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses. The correlation of RNMT expression with common immunoregulators, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), mismatch repair (MMR), and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) was analyzed. Additionally, the correlation between RNMT expression and immune infiltration level was evaluated. A total of 1287 machine learning combinations were used to construct prognostic models for LUSC. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to validate the bioinformatics findings of RNMT upregulation in LUSC. RESULTS RNMT was widely expressed across different cancers, with significant correlation to prognosis in cancers such as kidney chromophobe (KICH) (p = 0.0033, HR = 7.12), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) (p = 0.01, HR = 1.41), and others. Notably, RNMT participates in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment. RNMT expression positively correlated with immune cell expression (Spearman's rank correlation, p < 0.05). Moreover, RNMT expression was strongly associated with immunoregulators, TMB, MSI, MMR, and DNMT in most cancer types. Notably, RNMT expression displayed excellent prognostic and immunological performance in LUSC. The expression of RNMT was mainly enriched in B cells of LUSC tissues. qRT-PCR and Western blot verified the high expression of RNMT in LUSC. CONCLUSION RNMT expression widely correlated with prognosis and immune infiltration in various tumors, especially LUSC. The RNMT detection may provide a new idea for future tumor immune studies and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiang Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital (Qingyuan People's Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China
| | - Cuiyu Tan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital (Qingyuan People's Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China
| | - Jinzhen Zheng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital (Qingyuan People's Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China
| | - Zhugu Huang
- School of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital (Qingyuan People's Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China
| | - Ziyin Lv
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Wanru Chen
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Miaoqi Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital (Qingyuan People's Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China
| | - Xiaojun Yuan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital (Qingyuan People's Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China
| | - Cairong Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital (Qingyuan People's Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Urinary Continence and Reproductive Medicine, the Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital (Qingyuan People's Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China.
| | - Qiuxia Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital (Qingyuan People's Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Urinary Continence and Reproductive Medicine, the Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital (Qingyuan People's Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China.
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Chen J, Zhu H, Chen S, Mi H. Apolipoprotein E is a Potential Biomarker for Predicting Cancer Prognosis and is Correlated with Immune Infiltration. Onco Targets Ther 2024; 17:199-214. [PMID: 38523659 PMCID: PMC10960509 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s447319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a polymorphic protein that plays a role in lipoprotein transformation and metabolism. It is involved in numerous physiological processes within the body and is closely associated with tumor growth and metastasis. However, the role of APOE in pan-cancer has yet to be evaluated. Therefore, studying the association between APOE and various cancer types is crucial for providing a basis for individualized treatment strategies and clinical prognosis assessment. Methods We investigated the diagnostic and prognostic significance of APOE across 33 tumor types, as well as its correlation with tumor mutation burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI). Additionally, we employed the ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms to analyze the potential impact of APOE on the immune system. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to explore its underlying physiological function. Results Based on observations from a pan-cancer dataset, APOE expression was significantly different between cancer and normal tissues, and was simultaneously associated with survival outcomes in terms of cancer type, clinical annotation, TMB, MSI, and TICs abundance. In addition, the results also showed that expression of APOE may respond to a variety of cancer chemotherapy. Conclusion The findings from this study strongly indicate a close association between APOE and tumor development. Moreover, APOE shows promise as a potential biomarker for predicting prognosis and response to immunotherapy in patients with pan-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinji Chen
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Herong Zhu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Foshan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Department of Urology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Mi
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
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Piroozkhah M, Gholinezhad Y, Piroozkhah M, Shams E, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E. The molecular mechanism of actions and clinical utilities of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in gastrointestinal cancers: a comprehensive review and future prospects toward personalized medicine. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1298891. [PMID: 38077386 PMCID: PMC10704251 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1298891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers remain a significant global health burden, accounting for a substantial number of cases and deaths. Regrettably, the inadequacy of dependable biomarkers hinders the precise forecasting of patient prognosis and the selection of appropriate therapeutic sequencing for individuals with GI cancers, leading to suboptimal outcomes for numerous patients. The intricate interplay between tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has been shown to be a pivotal determinant of response to anti-cancer therapy and consequential clinical outcomes across a multitude of cancer types. Therefore, the assessment of TILs has garnered global interest as a promising prognostic biomarker in oncology, with the potential to improve clinical decision-making substantially. Moreover, recent discoveries in immunotherapy have progressively changed the landscape of cancer treatment and significantly prolonged the survival of patients with advanced cancers. Nonetheless, the response rate remains constrained within solid tumor sufferers, even when TIL landscapes appear comparable, which calls for the development of our understanding of cellular and molecular cross-talk between TIME and tumor. Hence, this comprehensive review encapsulates the extant literature elucidating the TILs' underlying molecular pathogenesis, prognostic significance, and their relevance in the realm of immunotherapy for patients afflicted by GI tract cancers. Within this review, we demonstrate that the type, density, and spatial distribution of distinct TIL subpopulations carries pivotal implications for the prediction of anti-cancer treatment responses and patient survival. Furthermore, this review underscores the indispensable role of TILs in modulating therapeutic responses within distinct molecular subtypes, such as those characterized by microsatellite stability or programmed cell death ligand-1 expression in GI tract cancers. The review concludes by outlining future directions in TIL-based personalized medicine, including integrating TIL-based approaches into existing treatment regimens and developing novel therapeutic strategies that exploit the unique properties of TILs and their potential as a promising avenue for personalized cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Piroozkhah
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Gholinezhad
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobin Piroozkhah
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Shams
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Intarawichian P, Sangpaibool S, Prajumwongs P, Sa-Ngiamwibool P, Sangkhamanon S, Kunprom W, Thanee M, Loilome W, Khuntikeo N, Titapun A, Jareanrat A, Thanasukarn V, Srisuk T, Luvira V, Eurboonyanun K, Promsorn J, Koonmee S, Wee A, Aphivatanasiri C. Prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in predicting outcome of distal cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1004220. [PMID: 36582790 PMCID: PMC9792867 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1004220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA) generally have poor outcomes because of late presentation and diagnosis. Therefore, prognostic factors for predicting outcomes are essential to improve therapeutic strategies and quality of life. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been reported as a prognostic predictor in several cancers. However, their role in dCCA is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association of TILs with outcome in patients with dCCA. Fifty-two patients were evaluated for the percentage rate of TILs in their cancers, and a median TIL level was used to divide the patients into two groups. Survival, multivariate, and correlation analyses were performed to determine the prognostic factors. Results showed that a low TIL level was associated with poor survival. Multivariate analysis revealed TILs as an independent factor for poor outcome. Moreover, TILs were markedly correlated with growth patterns, and both were applied to classify patients with dCCA. Subgroups of TILs with growth pattern incorporation improved stratification performance in separating good from poor patient outcomes. This study suggested that TILs could be a prognostic factor for predicting survival and for clustering patients with dCCA to improve prognostication capability. This finding may be incorporated into a new staging system for stratifying dCCA in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyapharom Intarawichian
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sirada Sangpaibool
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Piya Prajumwongs
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Prakasit Sa-Ngiamwibool
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sakkarn Sangkhamanon
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Waritta Kunprom
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Malinee Thanee
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Attapol Titapun
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Jareanrat
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Vasin Thanasukarn
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Tharatip Srisuk
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Vor Luvira
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kulyada Eurboonyanun
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Julaluck Promsorn
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Supinda Koonmee
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Aileen Wee
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chaiwat Aphivatanasiri
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,*Correspondence: Chaiwat Aphivatanasiri,
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Li Y, Hong YK, Wang X, Pandit H, Zheng Q, Yu Y, Shi X, Chen Y, Tan M, Pulliam Z, Bhutiani N, Lin A, Badach J, Zhang P, Martin RCG. Epigenetic modulation enhances immunotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1430. [PMID: 36452477 PMCID: PMC9705274 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. PDAC has poor response to immunotherapy because of its unique tumour microenvironment (TME). In an attempt to stimulate immunologically silent pancreatic cancer, we investigated the role of epigenetic therapy in modulating the TME to improve immunogenicity. Methods In vitro human PDAC cell lines MiaPaca2 and S2-013 were treated with 5μ m 3-Deazaneplanocin A (DZNep, an EZH2 inhibitor) and 5 μ m 5-Azacytidine (5-AZA, a DNMT1 inhibitor). In vivo orthotopic murine tumour models using both murine PAN02 cells and KPC cells inoculated in immunocompetent C56/BL7 mice were treated with anti-PD-L1 combined with DZNep and 5-AZA. Short hairpin knockdown (KD) of EZH2 and DNMT1 in PAN02 cells for the orthotopic murine tumour model was established to validate the drug treatment (DZNep and 5-AZA). qRT-PCR and microarray assays were performed for the evaluation of Th1-attracting chemokines and cancer-associated antigen induction. Results Drug treatments induced significant upregulation of gene expressions of Th1-attracting chemokines, CXCL9 and CXCL10, and the cancer-testis antigens, NY-ESO-1, LAGE and SSX-4 (P < 0.05). In orthotopic tumour models, inoculation of PAN02 cells or KPC cells demonstrated significant tumour regression with corresponding increased apoptosis and infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the combination treatment group. In the orthotopic Pan02-KD model, the anti-PD-L1 treatment also caused significant tumour regression. Conclusion We demonstrate that immunotherapy for PDAC can be potentiated with epigenetic therapy by increasing cancer-associated antigen expression and increased T-cell trafficking across the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment via upregulation of the repressed chemokines and increased apoptosis with subsequent tumour regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C. Polk Jr., M.D. Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA,Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Young K Hong
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C. Polk Jr., M.D. Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA,Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of SurgeryCooper University HospitalCamdenNJUSA
| | - Xingtong Wang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C. Polk Jr., M.D. Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Harshul Pandit
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C. Polk Jr., M.D. Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA,Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Qianqian Zheng
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C. Polk Jr., M.D. Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA,Basic Medicine College, China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Youxi Yu
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C. Polk Jr., M.D. Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xiaoju Shi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C. Polk Jr., M.D. Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yujia Chen
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C. Polk Jr., M.D. Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Min Tan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C. Polk Jr., M.D. Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Zachary Pulliam
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C. Polk Jr., M.D. Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Neal Bhutiani
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C. Polk Jr., M.D. Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Andrew Lin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of SurgeryCooper University HospitalCamdenNJUSA
| | - Jeremy Badach
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of SurgeryCooper University HospitalCamdenNJUSA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of SurgeryCooper University HospitalCamdenNJUSA
| | - Robert CG Martin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C. Polk Jr., M.D. Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA,Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
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Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Prognostic and Immunotherapeutic Value of MITD1. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203308. [PMID: 36291174 PMCID: PMC9600621 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-interacting and trafficking domain containing 1 (MITD1) is associated with abscission during cytokinesis. However, systematic investigation into its role in cancer is lacking. Therefore, we explored the pan-cancer role of MITD1 using multiple databases. Expression and clinical survival, immunological, and enrichment analyses were performed using R packages and online tools. For breast cancer, single-cell level analysis, immunochemistry, and in vitro experiments were performed to explore the mechanism of MITD1. A nomogram was established to predict the prognosis of patients with breast cancer and evaluate the immunotherapy biomarker based on two datasets. In some cancers, high MITD1 expression was associated with a more favorable prognosis. For instance, it inhibited tumor cell proliferation and migration in breast cancer. MITD1 may regulate cancer development by altering the tumor microenvironment, and MITD1 expression may predict the response to immune checkpoint blockade, platinum, and poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitor therapies. Our nomogram was used to determine the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. MITD1 can also predict the response to immunotherapy. Our first pan-cancer study of MITD1 has shown that it plays different roles in cancer development and therapy. In breast cancer, MITD1 inhibited cell proliferation and migration and serves as a new biomarker.
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Qiang Z, Dai K, He Y, Yang Z, Tao L, Zhang H, Yu H. The prognostic value of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a population-based study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:965-971. [PMID: 35522155 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2055972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assess the predictive value impacted by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) undergoing complete resection. METHODS Sixty-eight patients with resectable ICC were included in this study. We studied stromal TIL density and scored it by staining sections from surgically resected ICC patients with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). The clinical data and prognosis of patients with ICC were obtained by searching clinical and follow-up records. RESULTS A stromal TIL negative status was a predictor of poor OS (HR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.20-0.83, p = .01) and poor PFS (HR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.23-0.97, p = .04) independently. Low stromal TIL density was associated with high levels of CA125 (p = .03) and CA19-9 (p < .01). The high level of CA19-9 (p = .05), high differentiation (p = .02), a large diameter (p = .05), a positive bile duct/vascular cancer embolus (p = .03) and positive satellite nodules (p = .02) were tendencies to develop tumors for patients with a negative status of stromal TIL. CONCLUSION Our data prompt for the prediction of the PFS and OS of patients with ICC after complete resection, stromal TILs play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Qiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kunfu Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuting He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenwei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lianyuan Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huifeng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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An integrated pan-cancer analysis of identifying biomarkers about the EGR family genes in human carcinomas. Comput Biol Med 2022; 148:105889. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Chen K, Zhang J, Beeraka NM, Tang C, Babayeva YV, Sinelnikov MY, Zhang X, Zhang J, Liu J, Reshetov IV, Sukocheva OA, Lu P, Fan R. Advances in the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity-Driven Effects in Breast Cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:820968. [PMID: 35814391 PMCID: PMC9258420 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.820968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and associated chronic inflammation were shown to facilitate breast cancer (BC) growth and metastasis. Leptin, adiponectin, estrogen, and several pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in the development of obesity-driven BC through the activation of multiple oncogenic and pro-inflammatory pathways. The aim of this study was to assess the reported mechanisms of obesity-induced breast carcinogenesis and effectiveness of conventional and complementary BC therapies. We screened published original articles, reviews, and meta-analyses that addressed the involvement of obesity-related signaling mechanisms in BC development, BC treatment/prevention approaches, and posttreatment complications. PubMed, Medline, eMedicine, National Library of Medicine (NLM), and ReleMed databases were used to retrieve relevant studies using a set of keywords, including "obesity," "oncogenic signaling pathways," "inflammation," "surgery," "radiotherapy," "conventional therapies," and "diet." Multiple studies indicated that effective BC treatment requires the involvement of diet- and exercise-based approaches in obese postmenopausal women. Furthermore, active lifestyle and diet-related interventions improved the patients' overall quality of life and minimized adverse side effects after traditional BC treatment, including postsurgical lymphedema, post-chemo nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. Further investigation of beneficial effects of diet and physical activity may help improve obesity-linked cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Chen
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Narasimha M. Beeraka
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), JSS Medical College, Mysuru, India
| | - Chengyun Tang
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia V. Babayeva
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Y. Sinelnikov
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Xinliang Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Jiacheng Zhang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Igor V. Reshetov
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A. Sukocheva
- Discipline of Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Pengwei Lu
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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10
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Hua Y, He Z, Zhang X. A pan-cancer analysis based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis identifies the biomarker utility of lamin B1 in human tumors. Cancer Biomark 2022; 34:23-39. [PMID: 34511484 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has revealed a relationship between lamin B1 (LMNB1) and several cancers such as cervical cancer, liver cancer, and prostate cancer. But no systematic pan-cancer analysis is available. Little is known about the clinical significance and biomarker utility of LMNB1. In this study, we first revealed the key role of LMNB1 in esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and disease-free survival (DFS) analysis. Based on this result and the datasets of the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), we explored the biomarker utility of LMNB1 across thirty-three tumors. We found that LMNB1 was highly expressed in most of the cancers and significant associations existed between LMNB1 expression and prognosis of cases of nearly half of the cancers. We also found that LMNB1 expression was associated with the infiltration level of Macrophages M1 and T cells CD4 memory activated in some cancers. Moreover, LMNB1 was mainly involved in the functional mechanisms of MRNA binding, olfactory transduction, and gene silencing. Our study first provides a pan-cancer study of LMNB1, thereby offering a relatively comprehensive understanding of the biomarker utility of LMNB1 across thirty-three tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Hua
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihui He
- Department of Pediatric Respiration, Chongqing Ninth People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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11
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Chai D, Zhang L, Guan Y, Yuan J, Li M, Wang W. Prognostic Value and Immunological Role of MORF4-Related Gene-Binding Protein in Human Cancers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:703415. [PMID: 34660575 PMCID: PMC8511499 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.703415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MORF4-related gene-binding protein (MRGBP) is the subunit of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of select genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histones H4 and H2A. Much of the research indicated an oncogenic role of MRGBP in the development of cancers. However, it is still unknown the role MRGBP plays in human cancers, which deserves further exploration. In this research, the expression profile, prognostic value of MRGBP, and the relationship between MRGBP and immune infiltration were explored in 33 types of cancer. The differences in MRGBP expression in tumor and normal tissues were explored using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus and ONCOMINE. Analysis of the association between MRGBP and prognosis using Kaplan-Meier survival curve and COX analysis. The data of Tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI) from TCGA. The relationship Between MRGBP expression and immunity was analyzed using the ESTIMATE algorithm and CIBERSORT. Furthermore, we explored MRGBP expression and the relationship between MRGBP expression and macrophage infiltration using immunohistochemical analysis in lower grade glioma (LGG). Our results revealed that MRGBP was highly expressed in most cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. Tumors with increased MRGBP expression had a high clinicopathologic stage and poor prognosis. The expression of MRGBP was closely related to the TMB, MSI. We also found a significant negative correlation between MRGBP expression and stromal scores and immune scores in various types of cancer. Furthermore, MRGBP expression was associated with a variety of immune cells including B cells, NK cells, T cells, and macrophages. LGG and LIHC was selected as representative cancer types for further study, the results of immunohistochemistry indicated that the protein levels of MRGBP were significantly elevated in tumor tissues. Moreover, our LIHC data analysis showed that patients with high MRGBP expression were associated with short survival rates and MRGBP was a risk factor to determine OS. Immunohistochemistry also confirmed that M0 macrophage infiltration in the MRGBP-high group significantly increased. In conclusion, these results reveal that MRGBP can serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and it plays an important role in tumor immune infiltration in various tumors, especially in LGG and LIHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Chai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lilong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongjun Guan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingping Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weixing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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12
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Prognostic significance of the systemic immune-inflammation index in pancreatic carcinoma patients: A meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229290. [PMID: 34286342 PMCID: PMC8329648 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a prognostic indicator for several malignancies, including pancreatic carcinoma; however, there is no consensus on its significance. In the current study, a systematic meta-analysis was used to explore the correlation between SII and prognosis in pancreatic carcinoma patients. Methods: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were screened from inception to May 2020. Studies describing the prognostic role of SII in pancreatic carcinoma were then retrieved. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using random- or fixed-effects models to determine the correlation between SII and prognosis. Results: A total of four studies, comprising 1749 patients, met the inclusion criteria of the study and were therefore included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that high SII indicated was correlated with worse overall survival (OS) in patients with pancreatic carcinoma (HR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.24–1.65, P<0.001). These findings were validated through subgroup analyses, stratified by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage. In addition, patients with high SII showed poorer cancer-specific survival (HR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.55–3.48, P<0.001). However, analysis showed no significant correlations between SII and disease-free and relapse-free survival (RFS). Conclusion: These findings indicate that SII is a potential non-invasive and a promising tool for predicting clinical outcomes of pancreatic carcinoma patients. However, the current research did not explore whether neoadjuvant therapy has an effect on the prognostic value of SII. Further studies using adequate designs and larger sample sizes are required to validate these findings.
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13
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Li J, Shi Z, Liu F, Fang X, Cao K, Meng Y, Zhang H, Yu J, Feng X, Li Q, Liu Y, Wang L, Jiang H, Lu J, Shao C, Bian Y. XGBoost Classifier Based on Computed Tomography Radiomics for Prediction of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8 + T-Cells in Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:671333. [PMID: 34094971 PMCID: PMC8170309 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.671333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study constructed and validated a machine learning model to predict CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte expression levels in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) using computed tomography (CT) radiomic features. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, 184 PDAC patients were randomly assigned to a training dataset (n =137) and validation dataset (n =47). All patients were divided into CD8+ T-high and -low groups using X-tile plots. A total of 1409 radiomics features were extracted from the segmentation of regions of interest, based on preoperative CT images of each patient. The LASSO algorithm was applied to reduce the dimensionality of the data and select features. The extreme gradient boosting classifier (XGBoost) was developed using a training set consisting of 137 consecutive patients admitted between January 2017 and December 2017. The model was validated in 47 consecutive patients admitted between January 2018 and April 2018. The performance of the XGBoost classifier was determined by its discriminative ability, calibration, and clinical usefulness. RESULTS The cut-off value of the CD8+ T-cell level was 18.69%, as determined by the X-tile program. A Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated a correlation between higher CD8+ T-cell levels and better overall survival (p = 0.001). The XGBoost classifier showed good discrimination in the training set (area under curve [AUC], 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67-0.83) and validation set (AUC, 0.67; 95% CI: 0.51-0.83). Moreover, it showed a good calibration. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values were 80.65%, 60.00%, 0.69, 0.63, and 0.79, respectively, for the training set, and 80.95%, 57.69%, 0.68, 0.61, and 0.79, respectively, for the validation set. CONCLUSIONS We developed a CT-based XGBoost classifier to extrapolate the infiltration levels of CD8+ T-cells in patients with PDAC. This method could be useful in identifying potential patients who can benefit from immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Radiology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang Shi
- Department of Radiology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Fang
- Department of Radiology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Cao
- Department of Radiology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghao Meng
- Department of Radiology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieyu Yu
- Department of Radiology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen Feng
- Department of Radiology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Radiology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Radiology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Lu
- Department of Radiology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengwei Shao
- Department of Radiology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Bian
- Department of Radiology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Lianyuan T, Deyu L, Haibo Y, Yadong D, Guanjing T. Clinical features and prognostic factors of elderly patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer: a population-based study. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7133-7146. [PMID: 33639615 PMCID: PMC7993726 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features and prognostic factors of elderly patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Patients diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic cancer between 2004 and 2014 were identified from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database. Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in elderly patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer were examined. A total of 10784 metastatic pancreatic cancer patients between 65 and 80 years old were included and divided into three age groups. Elderly metastatic pancreatic cancer patients differed from younger patients in many aspects, including marital status, race, sex, T stage, N stage, treatment regimen, prognosis, cause of death, and metastatic characteristics (P<0.001). An analysis of prognostic factors showed that chemotherapy, as the main treatment for elderly patients, can significantly improve prognosis, while surgery can improve the prognosis of patients between 65 and 80 years old. Other factors, including sex, marital status, T stage, and site of metastasis, had different effects on patients in different age groups. Elderly patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer are a special group of individuals whose clinical characteristics and prognostic factors are different from those of younger patients, and these patients require special treatment and attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lianyuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Li Deyu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Yu Haibo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Dong Yadong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Tian Guanjing
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
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15
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Campbell AM, Decker RH. Immunotherapy and Radiotherapy: New Strategies. Lung Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74028-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Shao J, Li J, Zhang XL, Wang G. Prognostic Significance of the Preoperative Controlled Nutritional Status Score in Lung Cancer Patients Undergoing Surgical Resection. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2211-2218. [PMID: 33319623 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1850814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Shao
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Research Center Nantong, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Research Center Nantong, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xun Lei Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Gaoren Wang
- Department of Radiology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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17
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Ju Q, Li XM, Zhang H, Zhao YJ. BRCA1-Associated Protein Is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker and Is Correlated With Immune Infiltration in Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Pan-Cancer Analysis. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:573619. [PMID: 33240929 PMCID: PMC7667264 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.573619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background BRCA1-associated protein (BRAP) is a critical gene that regulates inflammation-related signaling pathway and affects patients’ prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, its roles in different cancers remain largely unknown. Methods BRAP expression in human pan-cancer was analyzed via the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the association between BRAP expression with mismatch repair (MMR) gene mutation and DNA methyltransferase. We evaluated the influence of BRAP on clinical prognosis by univariate survival analysis. Moreover, the correlation between BRAP and tumor immune infiltration was analyzed via the Tumor Immune Evaluation Resource (TIMER) database. Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between BRAP expression and immune checkpoint genes expression. Results BRAP is abnormally overexpressed and significantly correlated with MMR gene mutation level and DNA methyltransferase expression in human pan-cancer. Univariate survival analysis showed that BRAP was significant with patients’ overall survival (OS) in six cancer types, disease-free interval (DFI) in three cancer types, and progression-free interval (PFI) in two cancer types. Remarkably, increased BRAP expression was strongly correlated with patients’ poor prognosis in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), whether OS (P < 0.0001, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.1), DFI (P = 0.00099, HR = 1.06), or PFI (P = 0.00025, HR = 1.07). Moreover, a positive relationship was found between BRAP expression and immune infiltrating cells including B cell, CD4 + T cell, CD8 + T cell, dendritic cell, macrophage cell, and neutrophil cell in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), and LIHC. Additionally, BRAP expression showed strong correlations with immune checkpoint genes in LIHC. Conclusion BRAP expression is increased in human pan-cancer samples compared with normal tissues. Overexpression of BRAP is correlated with poor prognosis and immune infiltration in multiple cancers, especially in LIHC. These findings suggest that BRAP may be used as a potential molecular biomarker for determining prognosis and immune infiltration in LIHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ju
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin-Mei Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan-Jie Zhao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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18
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Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts prognosis in unresectable pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18758. [PMID: 33127996 PMCID: PMC7599218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75745-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation-based prognostic indicators have been developed to predict the prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. However, prognostic indices have not been established in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer, including those without indication for chemotherapy at diagnosis. This study aimed to identify the predictors in all patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. We retrospectively analyzed data of 119 patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer from June 2006 to September 2018. The following laboratory parameters were evaluated: the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), modified GPS, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein albumin (CRP/Alb) ratio, and prognostic nutritional index (PNI). We performed time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analysis, overall survival (OS) analysis, and univariate and multivariate analyses to determine the prognostic factors in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. The cut-off value for NLR was determined to be 3.74. The 6-month OS rates in low and high NLR groups were 75.5% and 18.8% (P < 0.001). In the univariate analysis, advanced age (P = 0.003), metastatic pancreatic cancer (P = 0.037), no treatment (P < 0.001), worse Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG-PS) (P < 0.001), high GPS (P < 0.001), high modified GPS (P < 0.001), high NLR (P < 0.001), high PLR (P = 0.002), high CRP/Alb ratio (P < 0.001), and low PNI (P < 0.001) were identified as the prognostic factors. The multivariate analysis revealed that metastatic pancreatic cancer (P = 0.046), no treatment (P < 0.001), worse ECOG-PS (P = 0.002), and high NLR (P < 0.001) were independently associated with OS. We revealed that the high NLR could be an independent indicator of poor prognosis in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer.
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19
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Mi H, Gong C, Sulam J, Fertig EJ, Szalay AS, Jaffee EM, Stearns V, Emens LA, Cimino-Mathews AM, Popel AS. Digital Pathology Analysis Quantifies Spatial Heterogeneity of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, and FoxP3 Immune Markers in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Physiol 2020; 11:583333. [PMID: 33192595 PMCID: PMC7604437 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.583333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Overwhelming evidence has shown the significant role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in governing the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression. Digital pathology can provide key information about the spatial heterogeneity within the TME using image analysis and spatial statistics. These analyses have been applied to CD8+ T cells, but quantitative analyses of other important markers and their correlations are limited. In this study, a digital pathology computational workflow is formulated for characterizing the spatial distributions of five immune markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, and FoxP3) and then the functionality is tested on whole slide images from patients with TNBC. The workflow is initiated by digital image processing to extract and colocalize immune marker-labeled cells and then convert this information to point patterns. Afterward invasive front (IF), central tumor (CT), and normal tissue (N) are characterized. For each region, we examine the intra-tumoral heterogeneity. The workflow is then repeated for all specimens to capture inter-tumoral heterogeneity. In this study, both intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneities are observed for all five markers across all specimens. Among all regions, IF tends to have higher densities of immune cells and overall larger variations in spatial model fitting parameters and higher density in cell clusters and hotspots compared to CT and N. Results suggest a distinct role of IF in the tumor immuno-architecture. Though the sample size is limited in the study, the computational workflow could be readily reproduced and scaled due to its automatic nature. Importantly, the value of the workflow also lies in its potential to be linked to treatment outcomes and identification of predictive biomarkers for responders/non-responders, and its application to parameterization and validation of computational immuno-oncology models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Mi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chang Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jeremias Sulam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Johns Hopkins Mathematical Institute for Data Science, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Elana J Fertig
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alexander S Szalay
- Henry A. Rowland Department of Physics and Astronomy, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Computer Science, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,The Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Vered Stearns
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Leisha A Emens
- Department of Medicine/Hematology-Oncology, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ashley M Cimino-Mathews
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Aleksander S Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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20
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NFE2L2 Is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker and Is Correlated with Immune Infiltration in Brain Lower Grade Glioma: A Pan-Cancer Analysis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3580719. [PMID: 33101586 PMCID: PMC7569466 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3580719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (NFE2L2, NRF2) is a transcription factor that regulates various antioxidant enzymes. It plays a vital physiological role in regulating oxidative stress and inflammatory response. However, the roles of NFE2L2 in human cancers are still unclear. Our study is aimed at analyzing the prognostic value of NFE2L2 in pan-cancer and at revealing the relationship between NFE2L2 expression and tumor immunity. The present study revealed that NFE2L2 was abnormally expressed and significantly correlated with mismatch repair (MMR) gene mutation levels and DNA methyltransferase expression in human pan-cancer. In particular, pan-cancer survival analysis indicated that NFE2L2 expression was associated with adverse outcomes-overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free interval (PFI)-in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), brain lower grade glioma (LGG), and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) patients. A positive relationship was also found between NFE2L2 expression and immune infiltration, including B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells, especially in breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA), colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), LGG, liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), and prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD). Additionally, NFE2L2 expression was positively correlated with the immune score and the expression of immune checkpoint markers in LGG. In conclusion, these results indicate that transcription factor NFE2L2 is a potential prognostic biomarker and is correlated with immune infiltration in LGG.
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Wu QY, Yang CK, Rong LJ, Li JC, Lei LM. Investigation of the association between C-X-C motif chemokine receptor subunits and tumor infiltration levels and prognosis in patients with early-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:16. [PMID: 32774489 PMCID: PMC7406880 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the malignancies with the highest morality rate due to postoperative local invasion and distant metastasis. Although C-X-C motif chemokine receptor (CXCR) subunits have been reported as prognostic indicators in gastric cancer, the prognostic value of CXCR subunits in PDAC remains poorly understood. In the present study, the expression levels and biological functions of CXCR subunits were investigated using multiple publicly accessible bioinformatic platforms and databases. Survival analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic value of CXCR subunits in 112 early-stage PDAC cases by setting the median expression levels as the cut-off values. A nomogram was constructed to combine CXCR subunit expression levels and clinical data for prognosis prediction. Moreover, the association between CXCR subunit expression levels and tumor infiltration levels were detected in PDAC. The expression levels of CXCR subunits were elevated in PDAC tumor tissues. In the multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model, high CXCR2, CXCR4 and CXCR6 expression levels in early-stage PDAC were associated with a more favorable prognosis. Further, it was demonstrated that the differential expression levels of CXCR subunits in PDAC for combined survival analysis could contribute to risk stratification. The nomogram model demonstrated the contribution of CXCR subunits and clinical features in the prognosis of PDAC. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis suggested that CXCR subunits serve a role in immunomodulatory functions. The expression levels and somatic copy number alterations of CXCR subunits were associated with tumor infiltration levels in PDAC. CXCR subunits were associated with prognosis in patients with early-stage PDAC and may be potential drug targets for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong-Yuan Wu
- Department of Tuina, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R.China
| | - Cheng-Kun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R.China
| | - Liang-Jun Rong
- Department of Tuina, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R.China
| | - Jun-Chan Li
- Department of Tuina, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R.China
| | - Long-Ming Lei
- Department of Tuina, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R.China
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Stopa KB, Kusiak AA, Szopa MD, Ferdek PE, Jakubowska MA. Pancreatic Cancer and Its Microenvironment-Recent Advances and Current Controversies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3218. [PMID: 32370075 PMCID: PMC7246785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) causes annually well over 400,000 deaths world-wide and remains one of the major unresolved health problems. This exocrine pancreatic cancer originates from the mutated epithelial cells: acinar and ductal cells. However, the epithelia-derived cancer component forms only a relatively small fraction of the tumor mass. The majority of the tumor consists of acellular fibrous stroma and diverse populations of the non-neoplastic cancer-associated cells. Importantly, the tumor microenvironment is maintained by dynamic cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. In this article, we aim to review the most common drivers of PDAC. Then we summarize the current knowledge on PDAC microenvironment, particularly in relation to pancreatic cancer therapy. The focus is placed on the acellular stroma as well as cell populations that inhabit the matrix. We also describe the altered metabolism of PDAC and characterize cellular signaling in this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga B. Stopa
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka A. Kusiak
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.A.K.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Mateusz D. Szopa
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.A.K.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Pawel E. Ferdek
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.A.K.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Monika A. Jakubowska
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
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Wang K, He H. Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1296:243-257. [PMID: 34185297 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-59038-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) microenvironment is a diverse and complex milieu of immune, stromal, and tumor cells and is characterized by a dense stroma, which mediates the interaction between the tumor and the immune system within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The interaction between stromal and tumor cells signals and shapes the immune infiltration of TME. The desmoplastic compartment contains infiltrated immune cells including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and large numbers of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts dominated by pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) which contribute to fibrosis. The highly fibrotic stroma with its extensive infiltration of immunosuppressive cells forms the major component of the pro-tumorigenic microenvironment (Laklai et al. Nat Med 22:497-505, 2016, Zhu et al. Cancer Res 74:5057-5069, 2014) provides a barrier to the delivery of cytotoxic agents and limits T-cell access to tumor cells (Feig et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110:20212-20217, 2013, Provenzano et al Cancer Cell 21:418-429, 2012). Activated PSCs reduced infiltration of cytotoxic T cells to the juxtatumoral stroma (immediately adjacent to the tumor epithelial cells) of PDAC (Ene-Obong et al. Gastroenterology 145:1121-1132, 2013). M1 macrophages activate an immune response against tumor, but M2 macrophages are involved in immunosuppression promoting tumor progression (Noy and Pollard Immunity 41:49-61, 2014, Ruffell et al. Trends Immunol 33:119-126, 2012). The desmoplastic stroma is reported to protect tumor cells against chemotherapies, promoting their proliferation and migration. However, experimental depletion of the desmoplastic stroma has led to more aggressive cancers in animal studies (Nielsen et al. World J Gastroenterol 22:2678-2700, 2016). Hence reprogramming rather than simple depletion of the PDAC stroma has the potential for developing new therapeutic strategies for PC treatment. Modulation of PSCs/fibrosis and immune infiltration/inflammation composes the major aspects of TME reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Hong He
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.
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Inhibition of PAK1 suppresses pancreatic cancer by stimulation of anti-tumour immunity through down-regulation of PD-L1. Cancer Lett 2019; 472:8-18. [PMID: 31857154 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies have not yielded significant clinical benefits for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) because of the existence of an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME) characterized by a desmoplastic stroma containing infiltrated immune cells and activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). This study aims to investigate the involvement of PAK1 in anti-tumour immunity. In PDA patients, low PAK1 expression, low activation of PSC and high CD8+ T cell/PAK1 ratios correlated with longer overall survival. In a murine PDA model, PAK1 knockout increased intra-tumoral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, inhibited PSCs activation and extended survival. Inhibition of PAK1 reduced PSC-stimulated PDA cell proliferation and migration, blocked PSC-mediated protection of PDA cells from killing by cytotoxic lymphocytes and decreased intrinsic and PSC-stimulated PD-L1 expression in PDA cells, which further sensitized PDA cells to cytotoxic lymphocytes. Inhibition of PAK1 stimulates anti-tumour immunity by increasing intra-tumoral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and by sensitizing PDA cells to killing by cytotoxic lymphocytes via down-regulation of intrinsic and PSC-stimulated PD-L1 expression. PAK1 inhibitors, especially in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors may result in improved efficacy of immunotherapy of PDA.
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Characterization of spatial distribution of tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells refines their prognostic utility for pancreatic cancer survival. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:1495-1507. [PMID: 31186528 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The abundance of cytotoxic T-cell infiltrates has important implications for patient outcome and therapeutic design for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. However, intratumoral heterogeneity remains a challenge to understanding the complex immune microenvironment. We hypothesized that characterizing CD8+ cell distribution within pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues might refine the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes. Using multiplex immunohistochemistry-based image analysis on whole-tissue sections of 214 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, we measured CD8+ cell densities in the tumor center, the tumor margin, and the whole tumor, along with the proximity of CD8+ cells to carcinoma cells. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the associations of CD8+ cell densities with pancreatic cancer-specific survival, adjusting for clinicopathologic and immune-related features, including tumor expressions of TP53, SMAD4, and the programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (CD274, PD-L1) and the extent of tertiary lymphoid structures. There was substantial heterogeneity in CD8+ cell density, with the mean density in the tumor center less than half that in the tumor margin. Tumor CD274 expression and extensive tertiary lymphoid structures were appeared to be associated with higher CD8+ cell density in the tumor margin (P = 0.037 and P = 0.005, respectively), but not with that in the tumor center (P > 0.50). The association of higher CD8+ cell density with prolonged survival was significant for the whole tumor (Ptrend = 0.009); however, the association was stronger for the tumor center (Ptrend = 0.002) and insignificant for the tumor margin (Ptrend = 0.07). Tumor cell-CD8+ cell distance correlated strongly with CD8+ cell density, whereas the density of CD8+ cells proximate to cancer cells exhibited no prognostic association. In conclusion, spatial computational analysis on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma reveals the prognostic validity of CD8+ cell density in the tumor center, where CD8+ cell infiltration is ununiformly restricted, likely suggesting pro-tumorigenic roles of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer.
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D’Angelo A, Sobhani N, Roviello G, Bagby S, Bonazza D, Bottin C, Giudici F, Zanconati F, De Manzini N, Guglielmi A, Generali D. Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes and immune-related genes as predictors of outcome in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219566. [PMID: 31381571 PMCID: PMC6681957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the correlation between pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patient prognosis and the presence of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes and expression of 521 immune system genes. METHODS Intratumoural CD3+, CD8+, and CD20+ lymphocytes were examined by immunohistochemistry in 12 PDAC patients with different outcomes who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. The results were correlated with gene expression profile using the digital multiplexed NanoString nCounter analysis system (NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA, USA). RESULTS Twenty immune system genes were significantly differentially expressed in patients with a good prognosis relative to patients with a worse prognosis: TLR2 and TLR7 (Toll-like receptor superfamily); CD4, CD37, FOXP3, PTPRC (B cell and T cell signalling); IRF5, IRF8, STAT1, TFE3 (transcription factors); ANP32B, CCND3 (cell cycle); BTK (B cell development); TNF, TNFRF1A (TNF superfamily); HCK (leukocyte function); C1QA (complement system); BAX, PNMA1 (apoptosis); IKBKE (NFκB pathway). Differential expression was more than twice log 2 for TLR7, TNF, C1QA, FOXP3, and CD37. DISCUSSION Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes were present at higher levels in samples from patients with better prognosis. Our findings indicate that tumour infiltrating lymphocyte levels and expression level of the immune system genes listed above influence pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma prognosis. This information could be used to improve selection of best responders to immune inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto D’Angelo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical, Surgical, & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale, Trieste, Italy
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medical, Surgical, & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale, Trieste, Italy
- Breast Cancer Unit, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Medical, Surgical, & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefan Bagby
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Bonazza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ospedale di Cattinara, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Strada di Fiume, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cristina Bottin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ospedale di Cattinara, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Strada di Fiume, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabiola Giudici
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ospedale di Cattinara, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Strada di Fiume, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ospedale di Cattinara, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Strada di Fiume, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicolo De Manzini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ospedale di Cattinara, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Strada di Fiume, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Guglielmi
- Department of Medical, Surgical, & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgical, & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale, Trieste, Italy
- Breast Cancer Unit, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ospedale di Cattinara, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Strada di Fiume, Trieste, Italy
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Gall TMH, Gerrard G, Frampton AE, Castellano L, Ahmad R, Habib N, Spalding D, Pai M, Foroni L, Jiao LR. Can we predict long-term survival in resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma? Oncotarget 2019; 10:696-706. [PMID: 30774772 PMCID: PMC6366827 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive tumour associated with poor 5-year survival. We aimed to determine factors which differentiate short and long-term survivors and identify a prognostic biomarker. Methods Over a ten-year period, patients with resected PDAC who developed disease recurrence within 12 months (Group I) and those who had no disease recurrence for 24 months (Group II) were identified. Clinicopathological data was analysed. Ion Torrent high-throughput sequencing on DNA extracted from FFPE tumour samples was used to identify mutations. Additionally, peripheral blood samples were analysed for variants in cell-free DNA, circulating tumour cells (CTCs), and microRNAs. Results Multivariable analysis of clinicopathological factors showed that a positive medial resection margin was significantly associated with short disease-free survival (p = 0.007). Group I patients (n = 21) had a higher frequency of the KRAS mutant mean variant allele (16.93% ± 11.04) compared to those in Group II (n = 13; 7.55% ± 5.76, p = 0.0078). Group I patients also trended towards having a KRAS c.35G>A p.Gly12Asp mutation in addition to variants in other genes, such as TP53, CDKN2A, and SMAD4. Mutational status of cell-free DNA, and number of CTCs, was not found to be useful in this study. A circulating miRNA (hsa-miR-548ah-5p) was found to be significantly differentially expressed. Conclusions Medial resection margin status and the frequency of KRAS mutation in the tumour tissue are independent prognostic indicators for resectable PDAC. Circulating miRNA hsa-miR-548ah-5p has the potential to be used as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara M H Gall
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Gerrard
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom.,Current address: Sarah Cannon Molecular Diagnostics, HCA Healthcare UK, London WC1E 6JA, United Kingdom
| | - Adam E Frampton
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom
| | - Leandro Castellano
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom
| | - Raida Ahmad
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom
| | - Nagy Habib
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Spalding
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom
| | - Madhava Pai
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom
| | - Letizia Foroni
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom
| | - Long R Jiao
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom
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Zhang Y, Lin S, Yang X, Wang R, Luo L. Prognostic value of pretreatment systemic immune-inflammation index in patients with gastrointestinal cancers. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5555-5563. [PMID: 30353545 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have reported the relationship between systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and prognosis in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, but no consensus has been reached. We aimed to systematically evaluate the prognostic value of SII in patients with GI cancers. METHODS Relevant published papers regarding the prognostic value of SII in patients with GI cancers were obtained from a number of electronic databases. The overall hazard ratios and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using a fixed or random effects model to assess the relationship between SII and prognosis through Stata SE 12.0. RESULTS A total of 24 eligible published articles with 9,626 patients were included. From the pooled results, we found that high SII indicated worse overall survival (OS) in patients with GI cancers (HR = 1.52, 95%CI: 1.29-1.74). And patients with high SII had poorer disease-free survival (HR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.46-3.10), time to recurrence (HR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.11-2.30), and recurrence-free survival (HR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.19-2.00) when compared with those with low SII values. CONCLUSIONS SII might serve as a noninvasive and powerful tool for predicting survival outcome in patients with GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Shibu Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xianjin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingyan Luo
- Department of Scientific Research and Education, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, Sichuan, China
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Wang K, Baldwin GS, Nikfarjam M, He H. p21-activated kinase signalling in pancreatic cancer: New insights into tumour biology and immune modulation. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:3709-3723. [PMID: 30197477 PMCID: PMC6127653 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i33.3709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies worldwide, with a very poor prognosis and a five-year survival rate less than 8%. This dismal outcome is largely due to delayed diagnosis, early distant dissemination and resistance to conventional chemo-therapies. Kras mutation is a well-defined hallmark of pancreatic cancer, with over 95% of cases harbouring Kras mutations that give rise to constitutively active forms of Kras. As important down-stream effectors of Kras, p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are involved in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion/migration and chemo-resistance. Immunotherapy is now emerging as a promising treatment modality in the era of personalized anti-cancer therapeutics. In this review, basic knowledge of PAK structure and regulation is briefly summarised and the pivotal role of PAKs in Kras-driven pancreatic cancer is highlighted in terms of tumour biology and chemo-resistance. Finally, the involvement of PAKs in immune modulation in the tumour microenvironment is discussed and the potential advantages of targeting PAKs are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3084, Australia
| | - Graham S Baldwin
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3084, Australia
| | - Mehrdad Nikfarjam
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3084, Australia
| | - Hong He
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3084, Australia
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Zhang Y, Zhang X. Controlling nutritional status score, a promising prognostic marker in patients with gastrointestinal cancers after surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg 2018; 55:39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Parente P, Parcesepe P, Covelli C, Olivieri N, Remo A, Pancione M, Latiano TP, Graziano P, Maiello E, Giordano G. Crosstalk between the Tumor Microenvironment and Immune System in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Potential Targets for New Therapeutic Approaches. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2018; 2018:7530619. [PMID: 30662458 PMCID: PMC6312626 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7530619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a lethal disease for which radical surgery and chemotherapy represent the only curative options for a small proportion of patients. Recently, FOLFIRINOX and nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine have improved the survival of metastatic patients but prognosis remains poor. A pancreatic tumor microenvironment is a dynamic milieu of cellular and acellular elements, and it represents one of the major limitations to chemotherapy efficacy. The continued crosstalk between cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment causes immunosuppression within pancreatic immune infiltrate increasing tumor aggressiveness. Several potential targets have been identified among tumor microenvironment components, and different therapeutic approaches are under investigation. In this article, we provide a qualitative literature review about the crosstalk between the tumor microenvironment components and immune system in pancreatic cancer. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting the tumor microenvironment and we show the ongoing trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Parente
- 1Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, UO di Anatomia Patologica, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Pietro Parcesepe
- 2Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Claudia Covelli
- 1Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, UO di Anatomia Patologica, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Nunzio Olivieri
- 3Biology Department, University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Remo
- 4“Mater Salutis” Hospital, ULSS 9, Via C. Gianella 1, 37045 Legnago, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Pancione
- 5Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Tiziana Pia Latiano
- 6Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, UO di Oncologia Medica, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Paolo Graziano
- 1Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, UO di Anatomia Patologica, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Evaristo Maiello
- 6Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, UO di Oncologia Medica, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Guido Giordano
- 6Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, UO di Oncologia Medica, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Wu B, Zhong Z, Wang K, Yang L, Wang Y, Li Y, Gao J, Li Z. Intraepithelial Attack Rather than Intratumorally Infiltration of CD8+T Lymphocytes is a Favorable Prognostic Indicator in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Curr Mol Med 2017; 17:689-698. [PMID: 29521231 PMCID: PMC6416191 DOI: 10.2174/1566524018666180308115705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are one of the major participants in the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the mechanism of interaction between TILs and tumors is complex and remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the state of immunoreactions in PDAC tissues, and explore the prognostic value of these markers in a large sample, to provide a new theoretical basis for PDAC immunotherapy. METHOD Immunohistochemical staining of CD4+ and CD8+T cells was performed in a tissue microarray (TMA) of 143 cases of PDAC. Two major variables for the spatial distributions of CD4+T and CD8+T cells in PDAC tissues, intraepithelial attack and intratumoral infiltration, were used to evaluate the state of immunoreactions, and the interrelationships with the clinicopathological variables were analyzed. RESULTS Our data showed that both the intraepithelial CD4+T and CD8+T attack were less frequent than the intratumoral infiltration. CD8+T intraepithelial attack and intratumoral infiltration were more intense than CD4+T. CD8+T intraepithelial attack was an independent favorable prognostic factor for overall survival, correlating negatively with vascular invasion and positively with CD4+T and CD8+T high intratumoral infiltration. CD8+T high intratumoral infiltration without CD8+T intraepithelial attack was a poor prognostic factor. CD8+T high intratumoral infiltration was accompanied by T stage progression. Conclusively, in PDAC progression, imbalances of T cells occurred in CD4+ and CD8+ immunoreactions. The CD8+T intraepithelial attack was an independent favorable prognostic indicator, however the intraepithelial attack of CD4+T and the both intratumoral infiltration of CD8+T and CD4+T played an ambiguous role. CONCLUSION Our data suggested that it is a potential approach to increasing the number of intraepithelial attacking CD8+T cells for tumor immunotherapy, and exploring a new mechanism for immunosuppression in a tumor microenvironment with high T cell infiltration without attack.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J. Gao
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Tel: +8613816012151; E-mails: (J. Gao) , (Z.S. Li)
| | - Z.S. Li
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Tel: +8613816012151; E-mails: (J. Gao) , (Z.S. Li)
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